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Elements of Communication

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Page 1: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication

Page 2: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication

6 Elements of Communication1. Verbal messages2. Nonverbal messages3. Perception4. Channel5. Feedback6. Context

Page 3: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication1. Verbal Messages

Verbal messages are spoken words you use when communicating

Page 4: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication1a. Verbal Messages

Most children begin to use words by the time they are 10-14 months old

Words do not have the same meaning for everyone

Also words change their meanings over time…can you think of an example?

Communicators need to know how to select the most exact words to get their messages across accurately

Page 5: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication1b. Verbal Messages

Differences in meaning:Not all words mean the same thing to all people

Interact: With a small group of 3 or 4 people list the possible meanings of the following words or phrases

Expensive

Tall

FreeHot

PartyBad

See you later

What a day!

She is bad.

What’s on Friday night?

Page 6: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication1c. Verbal Messages

Denotative meaning of wordsThe definition of a word found in a dictionary

Connotative meaning of wordsAn emotional or personal response to a word

For example: home-denotative meaning is one’s place of residence ----home-connotative meaning is security

Everyone’s connotative meaning for words will be different

Page 7: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication2. Nonverbal Messages

Nonverbal messages are messages expressed without wordsa. Appearanceb. Facial expression & eye contactc. Postured. Gesturese. Voice

Page 8: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2a. AppearanceIf you needed to ask someone for directions,

who would you ask first?An old man in dirty clothesA cute teenage boy or girlA woman with an infantOr a woman in a sari

Page 9: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2a. AppearanceClothes, body size, hairstyle, makeup,

and decorations such as jewelry or slogan buttons all send messages about how a person sees herself or himself

You probably make quick first judgments about others based on appearance

So that means that others make first judgments about you based on your appearance

Page 10: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2b. Facial Expression & Eye Contact

Smiles or frowns tell others a great deal about how a person is feeling

A person’s face often reveals rather quickly that a person is angry, happy, frustrated, or nervous

What is a look that tells you not to bother your parent?

Most people believe the eyes are the most expressive part of the body

Eyes show feelings that might be hidden otherwise

You can learn a lot from a person’s willingness or unwillingness to look at you

Page 11: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2c. Posture & WalkPosture refers to your body’s position as

you sit, stand or walk

The way you sit or stand communicates a great deal about your mood or feelings

If you are slouching, you create a very different image than if you are standing or sitting up straight

Page 12: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2c. Posture & WalkPosture can also send other messages

Models are taught to “walk tall” to make good impressions

Persons interviewing for jobs are taught to stand and sit up straight because they will seem more confident

Interviewers usually notice people’s posture while they talk with them about their qualifications

Page 13: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2c. Posture & WalkThe way you walk also sends nonverbal

messages to others

When you watch people walking slowly & dragging their feet, you might decide they are reluctant to get to where they are going

When you see people walking briskly, you may conclude they are anxious to get somewhere

Page 14: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2d. GesturesThe way people move their arms, hands,

and fingers plays a part in communication

Most good speakers use gestures to help make a point

Besides large gestures, people use hand signals to communicate

Think of the different meanings of the peace sign, the OK sign, or crossed fingers

Can you think of other gestures that are used to send a message?

Page 15: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

2e. VoiceA person’s voice, that is, not what is said but

how it is said, conveys important messages

Voice includesPitch-how high or low the tone of voice isRate-how quickly or slowly something is saidVocal quality-the tone or sound of a voiceVolume-the loudness or softness of a voice

Page 16: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication3. Perception

The process of giving meaning to information you learn through your five senses: taste, touch, hearing, sight, and smell provide you with information about the world

Page 17: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication4. Channels of Communication

In communication terms, the channel is the means by which a message is transmitted

Page 18: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

ExamplesTelevision

E-mail

What are some other channels of communication?

Page 19: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication4a. Channels of Communication

People tend to place greater importance on 1 channel than on anotherExample: if you are talking on the phone and

watching tv, you tend to place greater importance on only 1 of those. You can’t truly focus on both

Page 20: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication4b. Channels of Communication

When a person has trouble understanding a message, there is said to be noise in the channel

Noise is anything that interferes with a listener’s ability to receive a message

Could be outside the person (tv, radio, hard chair)

Could be inside the person (a headache, worries, boredom)

Sometimes you can control the noise (turn down music and sometimes you can’t)

Page 21: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication5. Feedback

Positive and Negative FeedbackPositive feedback tells you that you’re doing

fine (a smile, nod of the head, all indicate that you are getting through as you intended)

Negative feedback tells you there is a problem to deal with or lets you know the listener does not agree with your ideas

It is important to recognize whether a listener is confused or whether a listener is disagreeing

Communication goes smoothly when speakers & listeners pay attention to feedback

Page 22: Elements of Communication 6 Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

Elements of Communication6. Context

Finally, all these essential elements of communication come together within a context

Context is the setting and people that surround the message

Setting involves time, place, and occasion You may say something at a certain place or time that

you wouldn’t say at another place

The people in the setting influence what is said and what is not said

The way you see the setting and the other people involved will affect how you handle certain topics