elements of poetry: figurative language 8 th grade english/language arts – poetry unit– ms....

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Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Page 1: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

Elements of Poetry:

Figurative Language

8th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

Page 2: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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We are beginning our study of poetry in 8th grade, but remember that figurative figurative languagelanguage is also used in other types of writing and speaking as well, such as narrative and expository.

Page 3: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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A little poem to begin…..

by

( It uses lots of

figurative language!)

Page 4: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Introduction to Poetryby Billy Collins

I ask them to take a poemand hold it up to the lightlike a color slide

or press an ear against its hive.I say drop a mouse into a poem

and watch him probe his way out,or walk inside the poem's room

and feel the walls for a light switch.I want them to waterski

across the surface of a poemwaving at the author's name on the shore.

But all they want to dois tie the poem to a chair with ropeand torture a confession out of it.

They begin beating it with a hoseto find out what it really means.

But, what does it really mean…??

Page 5: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Whew!....

We should all feel relieved.

nuance (noun): a subtle quality, distinction, or variation in meaning or feeling

Page 6: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Get ready to take Cornell Notes.

Your Name

Today’s Date

Blume ELA8

Period

Title is POETRY: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Write words to be defined and types of figurative language here.

Write definitions, explanations, and some examples here.

For these notes, you do not need to use a summary space, as you see here.

Page 7: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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First, let’s understand the difference between…

Literal Language

Figurative Language

and

Begin taking notes.

Page 8: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Literal Language

LiteralLiteral means “exact” or “not exaggerated”. Literal language is language that means exactly what is said. Most of the time, we use literal language.

Basketball practice begins at 3:30 PM.

They decided to go to the movies Saturday night.

The newspaper was delivered daily.

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Figurative Language

The opposite of literal language is figurative language. Figurative language is language that means more than what it says on the surface. It usually gives us a feeling about its subject.

For example, one poet writes about “the song of the truck”. She does not mean that a truck can actually sing! Rather, she is speaking figuratively. She is referring to road noises as music. By using the word “song”, and suggesting music, she brings joyful feelings to mind.

Poets use figurative language almost as frequently as literal language. When you read poetry, you must be conscious of the difference. Otherwise, a poem may make not sense at all!

Page 10: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Figurative Language is…

Figurative languageFigurative language is not intended to be interpreted in a literal literal sense. Using figurative figurative languagelanguage gives us new ways of looking at the world, by appealing to our imagination.

It often makes a comparison between different things. Figurative languageFigurative language can compare things that are different in enough ways so that their similarities, when pointed out, are interesting, unique and/or surprising.

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Types of Figurative Language

These are many special ways of putting words and phrases together to give strong, sharp, clear impressions. By creating lively, rich word pictures, readers can see the images and understand the feelings being written about. Using a variety of “figures of speech”, a writer can express themselves in the most colorful, imaginative, descriptive ways possible. Here are a few…

Page 12: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Metaphor

Describes a person, place, thing, feeling, idea, or action by comparing it to something else – without using like or as.

Ricardo is a walking encyclopedia.

Teddy is a pig.

This room is an oven! or This room is a refrigerator!

Her eyes were sparkling sapphires.

marshmallow clouds… hands of iron… icy stare… angelic smile… inky blackness

Page 13: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Metaphor example…

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"Language is a road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going."

(Rita Mae Brown)

Metaphors aren't merely the candy

sprinkles on the doughnut of language.

Page 15: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Simile

Describes a person, place, thing, feeling, idea,or action by comparing it with something else – and USES like or as.

The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky.

Her eyes were like sparkling sapphires.

“… its fleece was white as snow”.

Fell as softly as feathers…. throbbed like beating drums… closed like a steel trap… arrived as silently

as drifting snow… felt free as a butterfly…

Page 16: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Simile example…

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Page 18: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Take a moment to write these

down, filling in words to

make your own similes.

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Hyperbole

Big exaggeration; often with humor.

Mile high ice-cream cones.

I’m so hungry I could eat a horse. Yikes!!

My backpack weighs a ton!

I’ve told you a thousand times….!

I’m dead tired…

The cafeteria food is definitely left over from the dinosaur age.

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Personification

Giving human qualities to something that is NOT human.

Mother Earth… Father Time… Jack Frost…

The dawn spread her fingertips of rose…

The sun looked over the mountain’s rim…

The chocolate bar was calling his name! “… the wind swept by counting its money and

throwing it away,

In a wind-gaunt orchard where the limbs forked out

and listened or never listened at all…:

--- from “Wind Song” by Carl Sandburg

Page 24: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Personification examples…

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Personification examples…

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Personification example…

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Author Unknown

Personification example…

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Personification example…

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Onomatopoeia

Words that sound like their meaning --- the “sound” they describe.

buzz… hiss… roar… meow… woof… rumble… howl… snap… zip… zap… blip… whack … crack… crash… flutter… flap… squeak… whirr.. pow… plop… crunch… splash… jingle… rattle… clickety-clack… bam!

Onomatopoeia is also considered a “poetic sound device”.

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The rusty spigot sputters,

uttersa splutter,

spatters a smattering of drops,gashes wider;

slashsplattersscattersspurts

finally stops sputteringand plash!

gushes rushes splashesclear water dashes.

Onomatopoeia example…

The Rusty Spigot

by Eve Merriam

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Cynthia in the Snowby Gwendolyn Brooks

It SUSHES.It hushes

The loudness in the road.It flitter-twitters,

And laughs away from me. It laughs a lovely whiteness,

And whitely whirs away,To be,

Some otherwhere,Still white as milk or shirts.

So beautiful it hurts.

Onomatopoeia example…and Personification too.

Page 34: Elements of Poetry: Figurative Language 8 th Grade English/Language Arts – Poetry Unit– Ms. Blume

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Imagery

Pictures that poets create with words that appeal to our five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste), as well as our feelings.

cozy blanket

glowing sunset

tangy lemon

angelic voices

scented garden

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Imagery continued…

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Imagery continued…

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Symbolism

Something concrete (= actual; real) that stands for something abstract (= a quality or idea that doesn’t refer to an actual person or thing).

A symbol can be a person, place, thing, or action.

It can stand for an idea, belief, feeling, or attitude.

A symbol keeps its own meaning while also standing for something else.

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•By using symbolism an author can express the theme(s) of a story on a physical level. A simple example might be when a storm happens at a critical point, when there is conflict or high emotions. The storm might symbolize these conflicts or emotions. Similarly a transition from day to night, or spring to winter, could symbolize a move from goodness to evil, or hope to despair. A river in a scene could represent the flow of life, from birth to death. Flowers can symbolize youth or beauty.

• Not everything in a story is necessarily symbolic. A garden landscape is just a garden ... until it is contrasted with a bustling city, at which point the garden could symbolize tranquility, peace, or escape.

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Let's look at some actual examples of symbolism used in literature and other media, with which you might be familiar.

• In the novel Animal Farm, the entire story is a symbol for the evils of communism, with the main animal characters representing key figures in the Russian revolution. The novel can be read entirely as a children's story, but when you realize what the various elements and characters in the story symbolize, the novel takes on a whole new meaning. That's why this particular work has become such a classic. This kind of story is called an allegory.

• In The Lord of the Flies, Ralph with his conch shell represents order and democracy, while Jack symbolizes savagery and anarchy. The island itself symbolizes the world in which we live, and the actions of the characters are symbolic of the way different people conduct their lives. The beast represents the darker side of human nature.

• The movie series Star Wars has been described as symbolic of faith and religion in our world overcoming evil.

• The song I Hope You Dance by Lee Ann Womack is full of symbolism. The song isn't really about dancing at all ... dancing is a symbol for getting the most out of life. When she sings '"I hope you never fear those mountains in the distance", the mountains symbolize our fears about the future, or obstacles in life we must overcome.

• The play MacBeth by William Shakespeare uses blood, both real and imagined, as a symbol of guilt, both of MacBeth and Lady MacBeth. Another symbol used in the play is a raven, which usually represents ill fortune (think of Poe’s The Raven too!).

• The Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling could be seen as containing a lot of symbolism, although there are as many interpretations as there are creatures in the books! (The author isn't saying). One clear example is a commonly used one; the use of a snake to represent evil. It is no coincidence that the symbol of Slytherin House is a serpent.

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Idiom

An expression that means something different from what it says. Idioms are culturally based. The British and the Americans speak the same language but may not understand each other’s idioms.

The use of idioms is widespread in writing and speaking, and to truly understand Standard American English, it helps to know many idioms.

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