elena dubrova ecs/ict/kthdubrova/phdcourse/lectures/lecture8.pdf · ruthlessly prune material that...
TRANSCRIPT
Lecture 8: How to give a good talk
Elena Dubrova
ECS/ICT/KTH
p. 2 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
This lecture is based on
• ”How to give a good research talk”, Simon
Peyton Jones, Microsoft Research, Cambridge
• “How to Give an Academic Talk”, Paul N.
Edwards, School of Information, University of
Michigan
p. 3 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Research is communication
The greatest ideas are worthless if you
keep them to yourself
Your papers and talks:
1. Crystalize your ideas
2. Communicate them to others
3. Help you to get feedback
4. Enable you to build relationships
p. 4 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Do it!
Good papers and talks are a fundamental part
of research excellence
Invest time
Learn skills
Practice
p. 5 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
This lecture is about …
• How to give good research talks
• What your talk is for
• What to put in it (and what not to)
• How to present it
p. 6 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
What your talk is for
Your paper = The beef
Your talk = The beef
advertisment
Do not confuse the two
p. 7 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
The purpose of your talk…
..is not:
• To impress your audience with your brainpower
• To tell them all you know about your topic
• To present all the technical details
p. 8 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
The purpose of your talk…
..but it is:
• To give your audience an intuitive feeling for
your idea
• To make them foam at the mouth with
eagerness to read your paper
• To engage, excite, provoke
p. 9 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Your audience…
The audience you hope to have:
• Have read all your earlier papers
• Thoroughly understand all the relevant theory of
p-adic ergodic transformations
• Are all dying to hear about the latest
developments in your work
• Are fresh, alert, and ready for listnening
p. 10 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Your actual audience…
The audience you get:
• Have never heard of you
• Have heard of p-adic ergodic transformations,
but wish they hadn’t
• Have just had lunch and are ready for a doze
Your mission is to
WAKE THEM UP And make them glad they did
p. 11 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
What to put in
p. 12 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
What to put in
• Title and authors (1 slide)
• Overview (1 slide)
• Motivation (20%)
• Your key idea (80%)
• Conclusion (1 slide)
p. 13 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Motivation
• You have 3 minutes to engage your audience
before they start to doze
• Why should I tune into this talk?
• What is the problem?
• Why is it an interesting problem?
Example: synchronization errors in concurrent programs are
a nightmare to find. I’m going to show you a type system
that finds many such errors at compile time.
p. 14 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Your key idea
If the audience remembers only one thing from
your talk, what should it be?
• You must identify a key idea
• “What I did this summer” is No Good.
• Be absolutely specific. Say “If you remember
nothing else, remember this.”
• Organize your talk around this specific goal.
Ruthlessly prune material that is irrelevant.
p. 15 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Your main weapon
Examples are your main
weapon
Use them:
To motivate the work
To convey the basic intuition
To illustrate The Idea in action
To show extreme cases
To highlight shortcomings
When time is short, omit the general case, not examples
Illustrate examples with charts, diagrams, anumations
p. 16 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
What to leave out
p. 17 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Be brief on the outline
• “Outline of my talk” is intended to convey the
main points you are going to focus on
• It is also helpful to get the audience adjusted to
your accent
• Go through it briefly, but don’t stay on it for to
long, don’t start explaining things in details
– Just read the points you have written on the
slide
p. 18 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Be brief on the conclusion
• Similarly, the last slide is intended to summarize
your main points at the end
• Don’t start talking about new things, the audience
is waiting for you to finish
p. 19 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Do not present related work separately
But
• You absolutely must know the related work;
respond readily to questions
• Acknowledge co-authors (title slide), and
predecessors (as you go along)
• Do not dismiss the opposition
– X did a very interesting work; I have extended
it to Y
p. 20 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Technical detail
p. 21 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Omit technical details
• Even though every line is drenched in your blood
and sweat, dense clouds of notation will send
your audience to sleep
• Present specific aspects only;
refer to the paper for details
• By all means have backup slides
to use in response to questions
p. 22 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Do not apologise
• “I didn’t have time to prepare this talk properly”
• “My lap-top broke down, so I don’t have the
results I expected”
• “I don’t have time to tell you about this”
• “I don’t feel qualified to address this audience”
p. 23 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Presenting your talk
p. 24 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Go through your slides before the talk
• Your talk must be absolutely fresh in your mind
• Ideas will occur to you during the conference, as
you think about your talk during other people’s
presentations; you may try to incorporate them
on the fly
p. 25 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
How to present your talk
By far the most important thing is to
be enthusiastic
p. 26 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Enthusiasm
• If you do not seem excited by your idea, why
should the audience be?
• It wakes them up
• Enthusiasm makes people dramatically more
receptive
• It gets you loosened up, breathing, moving
around
p. 27 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
The jelly effect
• You may be experiencing experience apparently-
severe pre-talk symptoms
– Inability to breathe
– Inability to stand up (legs give way)
– Inability to operate brain
p. 28 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
What to do about it
• Deep breathing during previous talk
• Memorize your first few sentences precisely
(=> no brain required)
• Move around, use gestures, wave your arms (but
not too much)
• You are not a wimp. Everyone feels this way in
the beginning.
p. 29 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Being seen, being heard
• Face the audience, do no turn your back to them
• Speak loudly to someone at the back of the
room, even if you have a microphone on
• Make eye contact; identify a nodder, and speak
to him or her (better still, more than one)
• Watch audience for questions
• Learn not to be afraid of the audience
– Psychologists say it helps to imagine that all
people sitting in front of you own you money
p. 30 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Questions
• Questions are not a problem
• Questions are a golden golden golden opportunity to connect with your audience
• Specifically encourage questions during your
talk: pause briefly now and then, ask for
questions
• Be prepared to truncate your talk if you run out of
time. Better to connect, and not to present all
your material
p. 31 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Presenting your slides
A very annoying technique
is to reveal
your points
one
by one
by one, unless…
there is a punch line
p. 32 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Presenting your slides
• It is a good idea not to have too many bullets per
slide
– Arond 3 bullets is best
• Don’t use fancy backgrounds, too many fonts, or
too many colors
• Don’t bounce laser pointer (your hands may
shake)
p. 33 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Presenting your slides
Use animation effects
very very very
very very very
very
sparingly
p. 34 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Finishing
Absolutely without exception,
finish on time
• Audiences get restive and essentially stop
listening when your time is up. Continuing is
very counter productive
• Simply truncate and conclude
• Do not say “would you like me to go on?” (it’s
hard to say “no thanks”)
p. 35 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
There is hope
The general standard is so
low that you don’t have to
be outstanding to stand out
You will attend 50x as many talks as you give.
Watch other people’s talks intelligently, and pick
up ideas for what to do and what to avoid.
p. 36 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Summary
Usually better
1. Speak loudly, facing the
audience
2. Make eye contact
3. Vary your voice
4. Focus on main points
5. Finish within your time
6. Rehearse
Usually worse
1. Mumble, facing
downward
2. Stare at your laptop
3. Speak monotone
4. Get lost in details
5. Run overtime
6. Don’t practice because
you’re too busy working
on the slides
p. 37 - FIL3001 – The Art of Doctoral Research
Summary, cont.
Usually better
7. Summarize your main points
at the beginning and end
8. Notice your audience and
respond to its needs
9. Emulate excellent speakers
Usually worse
7. Start without an overview;
trail off without a conclusion
8. Ignore audience behavior
9. Emulate your advisor, even
if he/she gives lousy talks