elizabeth kennedy
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Monitoring for ConservationMonitoring for ConservationPlanning and ManagementPlanning and Management
Environmental Evaluators ForumEnvironmental Evaluators Forum
EPA Headquarters, USAEPA Headquarters, USA
June 14 15, 2007June 14 15, 2007
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Key Types of Decisions
Prioritization (where to allocate scarce
conservation resources)Evaluation (which conservation actions result inconservation outcomes under whatcircumstances)Intervention selection (understanding thedynamics of threats, actions and opportunities)
Status
Context Assessment
Effectiveness
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What do we know about the
status of biodiversity?IUCN Red List - Currently, ~15,589 species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction
One in eight bird speciesOne in four mammal speciesOne in three amphibian species
Millennium Ecosystem AssessmentSubstantial gaps in information about the status andtrends of biodiversity at local, national, regional, andglobal scales.
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A Practical Way ForwardA Practical Way Forward
Status MonitoringStatus Monitoring
The NGO community united to support the Parties tothe CBD in measuring the reduction in rate of biodiversity loss by 2010.We proposed a suite of scalable indicators that canapply at local, national, regional and global scales.
The suite of indicators represents practical
measures of biodiversity status and trends that canbe applied in the near term.
The NGO proposal was convergent with other documents before the Parties.
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Proposed Indicators NGOs couldhelp deliver for CBD reporting on2010 Target
Red List Index Changes in habitat cover
Extent Fragmentation
Protected area coverage and category for important areas for biodiversity
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Targeting investmentsTargeting investmentswithin Biodiversitywithin Biodiversity
Hotspots and HighHotspots and HighBiodiversity WildernessBiodiversity WildernessAreasAreas
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PRIORITIES: DefiningPRIORITIES: Definingconservation targetsconservation targetsin Hotspots and Wilderness Areasin Hotspots and Wilderness Areas
Avoid SpeciesExtincti
ons
Protect Key
Biodiver sity
Areas
Consolidat e
Biodiversit y
Conservati on
BiosphereG e n es Species S i te sSea/Landscapes
INCREASING SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATIONINCREASING SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
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Collaboration inCollaboration inMonitoringMonitoring
Biodiversity monitoring platformsare systematized by:
Identifying key stakeholders with defined technicalroles & responsibilities
Further standardizing complementarymethodologies
Building centralized & compatible data housing andanalysis infrastructures
Developing collaborative dissemination efforts(workshops, publications)
Collaborative fundraising strategies directed atbiodiversity conservation targets
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Scales of monitoring andreporting
Hotspot
Country 1 Country 2 Country 3
KBA 1 KBA 1 KBA 2KBA 2 KBA 1KBA 2
Increase inspatial extent of data/information
Increase inresolution/detail of data/information
Regional trends identify gaps inconservation priorities at finer scales as well informs decisionmaking
Standard & compatible localdata required to manageadaptively and facilitatereporting regional and globaltrends.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hait.ac.il/staff/aaronP/images/earth-3d.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hait.ac.il/staff/aaronP/indexful.html&h=1024&w=1024&sz=266&tbnid=Ai0TpdJ0P7IJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=150&hl=en&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D&oi=imagesr&start=1 -
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CIEnterprise
WBDB
Partner
Partner Partner
Partner
BirdLife IBAsE x
c h
an
g e
pr
o t o c o
l s E x c h a n g e
p r o t o c o l s
IUCN RedList
A n n u a l
u p d a t e U p d a t e s
Database Interactions
WorldDatabase on
ProtectedAreas
E x c h a n g e p r o t o c o l s
PUBLIC
Publications
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MONITORING: StatusMONITORING: Statusand Trends inand Trends inBiodiversity withinBiodiversity withinHotspots and HBWAsHotspots and HBWAs
Strengthening the relationshipbetween local data collection and
large-scale data representationthrough standardized regional
biodiversity monitoring
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Monitoring progressMonitoring progress
towards safeguardingtowards safeguardingconservation targetsconservation targetsTracks the degree and direction of broad scale trends in biodiversity atthree levels of ecological
organization1) Species, 2) Sites, 3) Land andSeascapes
Acquires and aggregates biodiversity
information to report at national,regional and global spatial scales.
Outcomes monitoring provides breadth in data outputs
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SPECIES TARGETS:SPECIES TARGETS: Change inChange inIUCN Red List status of speciesIUCN Red List status of species
RED LIST INDEX
Measures the relativerate at which thenumber of species ineach IUCN Red listcategory change bytracking genuinechange in extinction
risk between Red listassessments0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 Year of IUCN Asse ssm ent
R e d L i s t I n d e x
Birds Amphibians Mammals
Change in the threatened status of species in Madagascar Change in the threatened status of species in Madagascar
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010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year of Protected Area Establishment
T o t a l %
o f K B A s a n d A Z E s i t e s w
i t h f o r m a l
p r o t e c t i o n s t a t u s
KBAs (n=141) AZE sites (n=7)
SITE TARGETS:SITE TARGETS: Change in number of Change in number of Key Biodiversity Areas with protectionKey Biodiversity Areas with protectionStatus, including Alliance for Zero ExtinctionStatus, including Alliance for Zero ExtinctionSitesSites
72 of 141 KBAs, or 51% of KBAs, benefitfrom official safeguardstatus in the Southwest
China Hotspot.
28% of AZE (Alliancefor Zero Extinction)sites, Gaoligong ShanNature Reserve and Wang Lang NatureReserve .
A total of 69 KBAspresently lack formalprotection status. Change in % KBAs and AZE sites with legal protection
status in the Southwest China Hotspot
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SITE TARGETS:SITE TARGETS: Change in forestChange in forestcover extent in Key Biodiversitycover extent in Key Biodiversity
Areas, including AZE sitesAreas, including AZE sites
Change in % of forest cover extent within KBAs and AZEsites between 1975 and 2000 in Madagascar.
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
1975 1990 2000
Year
P r o p o r t
i o n o
f F o r e s
t C o v e r
(
AZE Protected KBAs Unprotected KBAs All KBAsFine-resolution,low-cost satellitedata can be
analyzed totrack habitatchange in sitesof globalbiodiversitysignificance.
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Change in % of forest cover extent within KBAs and AZEsites between 1975 and 2000 in Madagascar.
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Utility of StatusUtility of Status
MonitoringMonitoringREPORTING:
Report commitment to safeguarding species, sites andlandscapes of global biodiversity significance.
Evaluate progress and contributions towards theConvention on Biological Diversity 2010 target of significantly reducing the rate of biodiversity loss.
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Utility of StatusUtility of Status
MonitoringMonitoring
DECISION MAKING:
Influence government level policy and legislation decisionmaking
Enable adaptive management for biodiversity conservationthrough refinement of conservation strategies at the regional
scale.
Act as a biodiversity information platform to guide investmenttowards priority species, sites and landscapes.
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Key Types of Decisions
Prioritization (where to allocate scarceconservation resources)Evaluation (which conservation actions result inconservation outcomes under whatcircumstances)
Intervention selection (understanding thedynamics of threats, actions and opportunities)
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Effectiveness Monitoring
Focus is on evaluating EFFECTIVENESS of a givenintervention
Linked to changes in status of conservation target atscale of interventionAbatement of threatsDegree of implementation
Report at the intervention scale
Roll up to evaluate intervention type
Adaptive Management
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Nesting of Status and
Effectiveness monitoring
Help refine intervention planningstrategies and identify appropriateinterventions
Help refine regional conservationstrategies
Support intervention reporting effortsSupport institutional, portfolio, multi-lateral and global reporting efforts
Inform decision making and adaptivemanagement for individual interventionsor intervention types
Inform decision making atinstitutional, regional, national andinvestment portfolio levels
Individual investment successNational, Regional and Globaltrends
Effectiveness MonitoringStatus Monitoring
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Added Value of nestedapproach
Linking intervention with changes in status of conservation targetsAdaptive management at scale of interventionUnderstand how interventions work (when andwhere)Validate assumptions in conservation actionAbility to report success of individualinvestment
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Remaining Gaps - Technical
Terrestrial habitat types other than forest cover Measures of marine habitat extent andfragmentation (working on ecological integrityindex)Methods to aggregate measurement of threats /
pressures
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Additional Gaps
CulturalFocus is on doing rather than knowing what works
best under what circumstances because of fundingclimatePerception that monitoring is expensive (resourceconstraints)
CapacitySkill and knowledgeTimeFunding
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