ellipsis and substitution
DESCRIPTION
No Inglês, as ellipsis e as substituições são ferramentas utilizadas para evitar e incoerência nos textos sem deixá-los perder o seu sentido original. São importantes recursos que utilizamos diariamente sem nem percebê-los. Este conteúdo apresenta uma breve explanação sobre esses recursos da língua, além de vários exemplos, mostrando como as ellipsis e as substituições acontecem, finalizando com um pequeno exercíco sobre o conteúdo trabalho. Trabalho apresentado ao Curso de Licenciatura em Letras da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, para a disciplina de Redação em Língua Inglesa.In English, the ellipsis and substitution are tools used to avoid inconsistencies in the texts and not letting them lose their original meaning. Are important resources we use everyday without even noticing them. This content provides a brief explanation of these features of language, and several examples, showing how the ellipsis and substitution take place, ending with a little exercised over the work content.Paper presented at the Bachelor of Moderm Languages University of Paraíba, for the discipline of Writing in English.TRANSCRIPT
J. D. Diogo G. Silva
Elton B. Sousa
Luís O. S. Júnior
Licenciatura em Letras
Hab.: Português/Inglês
Turma: 2010.1 – Noturno
Disc.: Redação em Língua Inglesa
Prof.ª: Luana
Ellipsis
Ex.: Can you speak
English? Yes, I can.
Ellipsis
Types of Ellipsis o Nominal Ellipsis: When the nouns was omitted.
Ex.: John can play something, but I don’t know what.
Ex.: Fire when ready.
o Verbal Ellipsis: When the verb, or verbal group was omitted.
Ex.: John can play the guitar, Mary can, too.
Ex.: Jessica had five dollars, Lucy, three.
o Clausal Ellipsis: It’s the most prominent in dialogue.
Ex.: It’s cold? – Yes.
Ex.: Don’t tell to anyone that you saw me here. – Yes, I will.
Ex.: John can play five instruments, Mary can six.
Another kind of ellipsis uses the words and so, followed by the verb or first auxiliary, followed by the subject.
Ex.: He can speak Spanish, and I can speak Spanish too.
He can speak Spanish, and so can I.
Without Ellipsis: She is tired, and I am tired too.
With Ellipsis: She is tired, and so am I.
Without Ellipsis: They like ice cream, and we like ice cream too.
With Ellipsis: They like ice cream, and so do we.
Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter, and I wrote a letter too.
With Ellipsis: He wrote a letter, and so did I.
Types of Ellipsis
The construction using the words and so is used to express an affirmative idea. In contrast, a similar construction, using the words and neither, is used to express a negative idea.
He cannot speak Danish, and I cannot speak Danish either.
He cannot speak Danish, and neither can I
Without Ellipsis: They don’t own a car, and he doesn’t own a car either.
With Ellipsis: They don’t own a car, and neither does he.
Without Ellipsis: She isn’t ready, and you are not ready either.
With Ellipsis: She is not ready, and neither are you.
Types of Ellipsis
Substitution – Substitution for another thing.
Ellipsis – Substitution for zero.
Substitution
Ex.: Which your friends do you like more? I like more that’s blue one. (One was used to substitute the friend
that you like more)
Substitution
Nominal substitution: one, ones or same are used to substitute items.
Ex.: Which ice-cream would you like? I would like the pink one.
(one substituted ice-cream)
Verbal substitution: do substitutes the lexical verb or the predicator;
do is always in final position.
Ex.: If you knew use the time as I do. You probably don’t talk about
wasting it.
(do substituted know, and it substituted time).
Clausal substitution: The substitution may extend over more than the
head of the substituted item. So and not are used to substitute items.
Ex.: Have you brains? Yes, I suppose so
(so substituted I have brains)
Types of Substitution
1º Add the short form construction using the words and neither to each of the following negative statements. Use the subjects shown in brackets. For example: He is not angry. (we) He is not angry, and neither are we.
a) You haven't finished supper. (she)
b) He couldn't tell the time. (they)
c) She isn’t planning to go. (we)
d) We didn't wait long. (he)
e) He hasn’t been feeling well. (I)
f) She can’t run fast. (they)
g) We don’t own a canary. (he)
h) You won't be needing an umbrella. (we)
2º Add ellipsis at the sentences and rewrite them: Ex.: You had worked all night, and I had worked all night too. You had worked all night, and so had I. a) You should get more sleep, and we should get more sleep too.
b) I said what you wanted, and they said what you wanted, too.
c) We haven’t forgotten, and she had forgotten either. d) They couldn't find it, and we couldn't find it either.
e) Ana don find her cats, and Lisa don’t find her cats, too.
3º Put in the sentences (E) for Ellipsis or (S) for Substitution:
( ) Which ice-cream would you like? I like the pink one.
( ) I have five cars, but I like yours.
( ) You could be rich, but I’am not.
( ) They don’t care about your problems, and neither care mine.
( ) I love this t-shirt, but it is short to me.
( ) Do you like her ideas? I don’t remember so.
( ) Look at my pictures. Do you like this?
( ) He is sick and either I.
( ) He told me something yesterday, but I don’t know what.
( ) That pens could be perfect, but you can’t use them.
( ) I liked that movie, and you?
Exercise
You haven’t finished supper, and neither has she. He couldn't tell the time, and neither could they.
She isn’t planning, and neither are we. We didn’t wait long, and neither did he.
He hasn’t been feeling well, and neither have I.
She can’t run fast, and neither can they.
We don’t own a canary, and neither does he. You won’t be needing an umbrella, and neither will we.
You should get more sleep, and so should we.
E
E E S
S S E
E
S E
S
Ana doesn’t find her cats, and so doesn’t Lisa.
They couldn’t find it, and so couldn’t we. We haven’t forgotten, and so haven’t she.
I said what you wanted, and so said they.
References
J. D. Diogo G. Silva [email protected]
Elton B. Sousa [email protected]
Luís O. S. Júnior [email protected]