embedded computer architecture 5kk73 tu/e 2014 heco/courses/embeddedcomputerarchitecture henk...
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Embedded Computer Architecture
5KK73TU/e
2014www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture
Henk Corporaalwww.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco
04/18/23 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal 2
Embedded Systems Courses• We go through all the design steps of a complete
multi-processor embedded system – (containing hardware and software)
• Discuss many design trade-offs
• 4 connected courses:– Systems on Silicon: 5kk60– Embedded Processor Architecture: 5kk73 – Multiprocessors: 5kk80– Embedded System Laboratory: 5kk03
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Embedded Processor Architecture
Objectives:
• Study the processing components of future multi-processor platforms, ranging from– highly flexible processors, to– highly computational-efficient processors
• Learn how to program these platforms and map applications to them
• Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy
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low medium high
high
medium
low
flexibility
efficiency
ASIC
GP procFPGA
DSP
ASIP
Processor design spectrum
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Your smartphone• 3 Watt
– 1 Watt for digital electronics– 1 Watt for radio– 1 Watt for the rest
• Battery: 4 Wh
• 4G LTE smartphones: 100 Gops / Watt– radio 40 Gops– media processing 20 Gops– graphics 6.5 Gops
• 5G LTE advanced: 1Top / Watt 1pJ/op
How far are we: ARM Cortex-M0+
• From: http://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-m0plus.php
– The most energy efficient ARM processor
• An optimized architecture with a core pipeline of just two stages, enables the Cortex-M0+ processor to achieve a power consumption of just 9.8µW/MHz (90LP process, minimal configuration), while raising the performance to 2.15 CoreMark/MHz.
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Topics (1)• Basic RISC principles
– MIPS example and implementation details– ARM overview
• VLIW and DSP architectures• SIMD architectures• GPUs• ASIPs and Accelerators • MIMD architectures
– NoC and MPSoC
• Compiling code for ILP architectures
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Topics (2)
• RTOS
• Neural Network Architectures
• Data Memory Management techniques– Loop transformations
• Student presentations – based on recent articles
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Lab exercises
1. Exploration:• Programming and Exploration using the
SiliconHive (Intel) architecture
2. Programming a real MP platform: • GPU
3. Program transformations:• Optimizing the memory behavior of your program
to achieve extreme low power• Applying loop transformations
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Exam and Grading• Exam is oral• Labexercises can be largely done at home• Grading:
– 30 % theory + – 60 % assignments + – 10% student presentation
• Material:– Website
http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture
– Slides and Handouts (incrementally available_– Lab material (will be put online)
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Embedded System Architectures on Silicon
Application oriented smart devices• adaptable, flexible• real-time DSP
TIVO
… implemented in silicon 1 cm2
1V1 W10 Euro
not a Pentium but adomain specific and programmable ES
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Embedded System Architect
Applications(DSP) algorithms C/C++, JavaMatlab, SDL, ...
low poweranalog,
robustness/dfmVHDL, Verilog
Embedded System Architect
• is reponsible for a strategic interaction between the different disciplines
• has a basic knowledge of the different disciplines
• is a generalist, not a specialist
Challenge:permanently confronted with new domains
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ComplexityComplexity depends on• the number of different component types (not number of components) • different types of interactions • lack of structure in the interactions
Complex simple
[DeMan]
Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist
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embedded systempurpose-built and programmableappliance oriented smart devices
multiple hw/sw platformsreal-time constraint
system adapts to the environmenthigh reliability (no reset button)
user friendlydeeply embedded software
running on limited resources
PCgeneral purposeWho “Computes”, anyway ?Single hardware platformASAP (as soon as possible)env. adapts to the system (wait)lower reliabilitydifficult to useend-user software unlimited resources
BUT: both use similar technology e.g. programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE)
Comparison
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Embedded Systems: Characteristics• safety critical• reactive: fast reaction on critical control events • portable: weight, power dissipation• mobile: network protocols, power dissipation• consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly
interface• professional systems: availability, reliability, remote
analysis and diagnosis, redundancy• multimedia: text, graphics, speech, audio, images
and video• connected through various standards