EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN CAR

PRESENTED BY- G.V.PRIYANKA

INTRODUCTION

In automotive systems more and more equipment are being changed from the mechanical systems to electronic systems. Embedded system is the heart of a vehicle’s electronic system because of its versatility and flexibility.

Today, a typical automobile on the road has computer controlled electronic systems, and the most commonly used embedded systems in a vehicle include Airbags, anti-lock braking system, black box, adaptive cruise control, drive by wire, satellite radio, telematics, emission control, traction control, automatic parking, in-vehicle entertainment systems, night vision, heads up display, back up collision sensors, navigational systems, tyre pressure monitor, climate control, etc.

EMBEDDED AIRBAG SYSTEM

It’s an important safety device that provides extra protection against head-on-crush for the front seat occupants. This system works on the commands from the micro-controller. The controller of this system gets the power from battery. If the sensors detect accident, this micro-controller operates the airbag system by operating alternator

EMBEDDED NAVIGATION SYSTEM

Another advancement of the embedded system in automobiles is the navigational system using GPS system. This navigational system consists of an embedded circuitry built with a GPS receiver, a gyroscope, a DVD-ROM, main controller and a display system as shown in the figure.

The GPS receiver receives the current longitude and latitude values that are compared with the stored map. The Gyroscope and other sensors provide the road direction and speed. From all the information gathered at the main controller, the display system displays a navigation or route map of the destination in the display screen.

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (A.C.C.)

The innovation of the embedded system used in automobiles is Adaptive cruise Control technology. By using this technology we can also make driverless vehicle control in a reality and many automobile manufacturers are also already engaged in work on these concepts.

This adaptive cruise control allows cars to keep safe distances from other vehicles on the busy highway roads. The driver of the car can set the speed of his vehicle and the distance between his car and other vehicles. When the traffic slows down, ACC changes vehicle speed using moderate braking.

Each car has a laser transceiver or a microwave radar unit which is fixed in front of the car to find out the speed and distance of the any other vehicle in the pathway. This is works on the principle of Doppler Effect; it is nothing but change in frequency of the waves.

ACC

EMBEDDED RAIN SENSING SYSTEM

This system to automate the wiper system having no need for manual intervention. For this purpose we use rain sensor along with microcontroller and driver IC to drive the wiper motor. This system uses rain sensor to detect rain, this signal is then processed by microcontroller to take the desired action.

The rain sensor works on the principle of using water for completing its circuit, so when rain falls on it it’s circuit gets completed and sends out a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller now processes this data and drives the motor IC to perform required action. The motor driver IC now drives a servomotor to simulate as a car wiper

EMBEDDED BASED AUTOMATIC PARKING SYSTEM

This automatic parking system is an independent car manipulation system that moves a car from traffic lane into a parking spot to perform the parallel parking, perpendicular parking and angle parking.

This system mainly uses different methods to detect objects around the car. Sensors installed on the front of the vehicle and rear bumpers acts as both a transmitter and a receiver.

These sensors send a signal that will be replicated back when it meets an obstacle near the vehicle, and then the carputer will receives the time signal and bumper will use the radar to decide the position of the obstacle.

The car will sense the parking space and distance from the side of the road then drive the car into the parking place.

AUTOMATIC NIGHT VISION

An automotive night vision system uses a thermographic camera to increase a driver's perception and seeing distance in darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the vehicle's headlights. Such systems are offered as optional equipment on certain premium vehicles. The first introduction was in 2000 on cardillac deville.

TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM

A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles.

TPMS report real-time tire-pressure information to the driver of the vehicle, either via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).

TPMS are provided both at an OEM (factory) level as well as an aftermarket solution. The target of a TPMS is avoiding traffic accidents, poor fuel economy, and increased tire wear due  to under-inflated tires through early recognition of a hazardous state of the tires.

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT CLUSTER

In an automobile, an electronic instrument cluster, digital instrument panel or digital dash for short, is a set of instrumentation, including the speedometer, that is displayed with a digital readout rather than with the traditional analog gauges. Many refer to it simply as a digital speedometer.

HEAD-UP-DISPLAY

An automotive HUD projects a virtual image on a windshield, which is usually specially treated, or on a combiner. This virtual image is often projected such that it appears near the center of the driver's visual field, approximately at the end of the automobile's hood. The image is usually fairly small, covering only a few degrees of the driver's visual field.

Automotive HUDs are used to display a variety of information to drivers, typically speedometer and warning-light information.

A head-up-display that lets drivers use navigation and their phones without taking their eyes

Parking Sensor

Parking sensors are proximity sensors for road vehicles designed to alert the driver to obstacles while parking. These systems use either electromagnetic or ultrasonic sensors.

Emission Control

Emission control system, in automobiles, means employed to limit the discharge of noxious gases from the internal-combustion engine and other components. There are three main sources of these gases: 

APPLICATONS:- Vehicle systems for automobiles, subways, aircraft,

railways and ships.  Traffic control for highways, airspace, railway tracks

and shipping lanes. Process control for power plants, chemical plants and

consumer products such as soft drinks and beer. Medical systems for radiation therapy, patient

monitoring and defibrillation  Military uses such as firing weapons, tracking and

command and control. Manufacturing systems with robots. Telephone, radio and satellite communications. Computer games.

CONCLUSION:-

Thus, the modern days embedded systems have marked a revolutionary change in every aspect of the automobile designing and manufacturing processes because of their adaptability and flexibility.

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