embedded system r.s

8/2/2019 Embedded System r.s

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PAPER PRESENTATION

ON

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

(ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT)

BY

K.VENKATESH S PRASANNA KUMAR

B.TECH: III YEAR B.TECH: III YEAR

E.C.E E.C.E

[email protected] [email protected]

ph no: 9505022637 ph no: 9866866192

KSHATRIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

NH-16, CHEPUR-ARMOOR -503224
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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INDEX

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCION

3. ROBOTIC SPACE CRAFT

a) HISTORY

b) DESIGN

c) CONTROL

d) LIST OF SPACE PROBES

5. CONCLUSION

6. BIBILIOGRAPHY


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ABSTRACT

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform

one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computingconstraints.

It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and

mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal

computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Some embedded

systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. For example,

Handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems such as the

operating systems and microprocessors which power them but are not truly

embedded systems, because they allow different applications to be loaded and

peripherals to be connected.

Here we have highlighted Robotic spacecraftwhich comes under the category

of Embedded system. In this Robotic spacecraft different lists of space probes are

discussed.

So, Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many

of the common devices we use.

INTRODUCTION:

The embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can

optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and

performance. Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital

watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory

controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low,

with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and

networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.

A robotic spacecraftis a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under

telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research

measurements is often called aspace probe.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontrollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telerobotichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontrollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telerobotichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probe


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An artist's interpretation of theMessengerspacecraft at Mercury.

HISTORY :

The first space mission, Sputnik 1, was an artificial satellite put into Earth orbit

by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the Soviets orbited

Sputnik 2, the first to carry a living animal into space a dog.

The United States achieved its first successful space probe launch with the orbitof Explorer I on 31 January 1958. Explorer I weighed less than 14 kilograms compared to

83.6 kg and 508.3 kg for Sputniks 1 and 2 respectively.

Only six other countries have successfully launched missions using their own

vehicles: France (1965), Japan (1970), China (1970), the United Kingdom (1971), India

(1981) and Israel (1988).

DESIGN :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Messenger.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika


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In spacecraft design, the United States Air Force considers a vehicle to consist of

the mission payload and the bus (or platform). The bus provides physical structure,

thermal control, electrical power, attitude control and telemetry, tracking and

commanding.

CONTROL :

Robotic spacecraftuse telemetry to radio back to Earth acquired data and vehicle

status information. Although generally referred to as "remotely-controlled" or

"telerobotic", the earliest orbital spacecraft -- such as Sputnik 1 and Explorer I -- did not

receive control signals from Earth. Newer probes such as Cassini-Huygens is an agency

of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program

established in 1974, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of

space, established in 1974, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to the

exploration of space, currently with 17 member states.

List of space probes :

Lunar probes

Luna program Soviet Lunar exploration (19591976).

Ranger program US Lunar hard-landing probes (19611965).

Zond program Soviet Lunar exploration (19641970).

Surveyor program US Lunar soft-landing probe (19661968).

Lunar Orbiter program US Lunar orbital (19661967).

Lunokhod program Soviet Lunar Roverprobes (19701973).

Muses-A mission (Hiten and Hagoromo) Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-

landing probes (19901993).

Clementine US Lunar orbital (1998).

Lunar Prospector US Lunar orbital (19981999).

Smart 1 European Lunar orbital (2003).

SELENE Japanese lunar orbiter (2007).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_(air_and_space_craft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini-Huygenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunokhod_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muses-A_mission&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagoromohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagoromohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Prospectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELENEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_(air_and_space_craft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini-Huygenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunokhod_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muses-A_mission&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagoromohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Prospectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELENE


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The Luna programme (from the Russian word "Luna" meaning "Moon"),

occasionally called LunikorLunnik, was a series ofrobotic spacecraft missions sent to

the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each

designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space

exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's chemical

composition, gravity, temperature, and radiation. The estimated cost of Luna Program

was about $4.5 billion.

Achievements

The major achievement of the Luna programme, with Luna 16, Luna 20 and

Luna 24 spacecrafts, was the ability to collect samples oflunar soil and return them to

Earth, by 1970. The program returned 0.326 kg oflunar samples.

SELENE (moon), better known in Japan by its nickname Kaguya is the second

Japanese lunarorbiter spacecraft. Produced by the Institute of Space and Astronautical

Science and NASDA, the spacecraft was launched September 14, 2007 UTC.

The name stands forSelenological and Engineering Explorer; Selene was a lunar

deity in Greek mythology. After the successful release of its sub-satellites Rstar and

Vstar, they were named Okina and Ouna, also from folklore. SELENE launched at

01:31:01, September 14, 2007UTC on an H-IIA (Model H2A2022) carrier rocket from

Tanegashima Space Centerinto a 281.55 km (perigee) / 232960 km (apogee) geocentric

parking orbit. The total launch mass was 3020 kg

Mars probes

Zond program failed Soviet flyby probe

Mars probe program Soviet orbiters and landers

Viking program Two US orbiters and landers (1974)

Mars Pathfinder Lander and wheeled robot (1997)

Mars Express (Mars Express Orbiter and Beagle 2) European orbiter and

failed lander 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-IIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perigeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_probe_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express_Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-IIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perigeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_probe_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express_Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_2


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Mars Exploration Rovers US rovers (2004)

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter US, launched 2005

Phoenix launched August 3, 2007

Mars Science Laboratory US, to be launched 2009

The Mars Pathfinder was launched on December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a

Delta II just a month after the Mars Global Surveyor was launched. After a 7-month

voyage it landed on Ares Vallis, in a region called Chryse Planitia on Mars, on 4 July

1997. It was the second project from NASA's Discovery Program, which promotes the

use of low-cost spacecraft and frequent launches under the motto "cheaper, faster and

better" promoted by the then administrator, Daniel Goldin.

Mars Pathfinder

Organization: NASA - JPL

Mission type: Lander, rover

Orbital insertion

date:Landed 04 July 1997 UT 16:57

Launch date: 4 December 1996 at 06:58:07 UTC from ESMC / launch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ares_Vallishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chryse_Planitiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Goldinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mars_Pathfinder_Lander_preparations.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ares_Vallishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chryse_Planitiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Goldinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_17


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complex 17B

Mass: 264 kg (lander), 10.5 kg (rover)

Power: 35 W (lander) 13 W (rover)

The Mars Science Laboratory is a NASA rover scheduled to launch in

September 2009 and perform a precision landing on Mars in July-September 2010.

Mars Science Laboratory

2007 Mars Science Laboratory concept

Organization: NASA

Mission type: Rover

Orbital insertion date: July-September 2010

Phoenixis a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission to Mars under the

Mars Scout Program.Phoenix launched successfully on August 4, 2007, and is scheduled

to land on Mars on May 25, 2008.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Scouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MSL_concept_February_2007_-_PIA09201.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_explorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Scouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008


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Phoenix spacecraft as it will look on Mars

Organization: NASA

Mission type: Lander

Launch date: August 4,2007

Mission duration: 90 sols, 92.46 days

Venus probes

Pioneer Venus project US Venus orbiter

Venus Express ESA probe sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in

2005.

The US Pioneer program ofunmanned space missions was designed for planetary

exploration. While he was at a briefing, the spacecraft was described to him as a "lunar-

orbiting vehicle with an infrared scanning device.".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_space_missionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phoenix_landing.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_space_missions


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Pioneer 10, undergoing construction in 1971.

Venus Express is the first Venus exploration mission of the European Space

Agency. It is currently in orbit around Venus and collecting scientific data.

Venus Express

Venus Express in Venus orbit

Mission type: Orbiter

Satellite of: Venus

Launch date: November 9, 2005
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Venus_Express_in_orbit.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pioneer_10_Construction.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005


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Mission

duration:

Cruise Earth to Venus: 150 days; in-orbit around Venus: 1000

days

Mass: 1270 kg

Gas giant probes

Pioneer program US Jupiterand Saturn flybys

Voyager program US Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune flyby and study of

interstellar space

Galileo probe US Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe

Cassini-Huygens US-European Saturn orbiter and Titan lander Huygens

(1997present)

Galileo was an unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study theplanet Jupiterand its

moons. It arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, a little more than six years later, via

gravitational assist flybys ofVenus and Earth.

Galileo Orbiter

Galileo is prepared for mating with the IUS booster

Organization: NASA

Mission type: Orbiter, fly-by
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini-Huygenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo_preparations.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini-Huygenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA


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Satellite of: Jupiter

Launch date:October 18, 1989 by Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-34

mission

Mission duration: September 21, 2003 (deorbited)

Mass: 2380 kg

Comet and asteroid probes

Giotto mission European flyby ofComet Halley (1986)

NEAR Shoemaker US asteroid lander, launched 1996

Deep Space 1 US comet/asteroid flyby, 19982000 Stardust probe US comet flyby and sample return, launched 1999, returned

January 15, 2006

CONTOUR US comet flyby mission; launch failure in 2003

Hayabusa Japanese asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return, launched 2003

Rosetta European comet orbiter and lander (Philae); launched 2004

Deep Impact successful US comet impactor, launched 2005

Stardust is an American interplanetary spacecraft, whose primary purpose was to

investigate the makeup of the cometWild 2 and its coma. It was launched on February 7,

1999 by NASA, travelled nearly 3 billion miles (5109 km), and returned to Earth on

January 15, 2006 to release a sample material capsule. It is the first sample return mission

to collect cosmic dust and return the sample to Earth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Halleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEAR_Shoemakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTOURhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Impact_(space_mission)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Wild_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(cometary)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_return_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Halleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEAR_Shoemakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTOURhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Impact_(space_mission)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Wild_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(cometary)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_return_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth


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Artist's conception of the Stardust spacecraft

Organization: NASA

Mission type: Fly-by, sample collection

Satellite of: Sun

Launch date: February 7, 1999 21:04:15 UTC

Mission duration: 7 years

Mass: 300 kg

Power: 330 W

Deep Impactis an ongoingNASA space probe launched on January 12, 2005 that

was designed to study the composition of the interior of the comet 9P/Tempel by

colliding a section of the spacecraft into the comet. At 5:52 UTC on July 4, 2005, the

impactor of theDeep Impactprobe successfully impacted the comet's nucleus, excavating

debris from the interior of the nucleus. Consequently, Deep Impact flew by Earth on

December 31, 2007 on its way to an extended mission called EPOXI with a dual purpose

to study extrasolar planets and comet Hartley 2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9P/Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103P/Hartleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stardust_-_Concepcao_artistica.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9P/Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103P/Hartley


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Illustration of the Deep Impactspace probe after impactor separation (artist's

conception).

Organization: NASA

Mission type: Flyby, Impactor

Launch date: January 12, 2005

Mission duration: 3 months 22 days

Mass: 650 kg (1,430 lbs)

CONCLUSION :

Robotic spacecraftuse telemetry to radio back to Earth acquired data and vehicle

status information. So, Embedded systems have become very important today as they

control many of the common devices we use.

REFERENCES :

1 .www.google.com

2 . Magazines : ELECTRONICS FOR YOU , ELECTRONICS TODAY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://www.google.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Deep_Impact.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://www.google.com/


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embedded system r.s

Documents