www.york.ac.uk/enterprise

Embedding Enterprise at York

Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning in Enterprise

Tony Ward, Director CETLE

Department of Electronics

European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering

Enterprise at York

1999 – 2005 WRCE, UK Science Enterprise Challenge

5 year funded project

Enterprise in STEM

>200 Teaching resources created

Strong brand developed

It had its problems

2005 – 2010 WRCTLE, HEFCE Centre for Excellence

5 year funded project

Enterprise in SSAH & STEM

2010 – Enterprise at York Relocated to the Ron Cooke Hub on new Heslington East Campus

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Mission and Objectives

Effect a durable change in culture

Embed enterprise in all disciplines

Provide a physical focus

The Enterprise Zone

Support student enterprise activities

Discipline focus

Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities

Science, Engineering & Technology

Reward demonstrated excellence by staff

Disseminate outcomes

The Enterprise Zone

Bright and fresh facility

Teaching room

Microincubator

Resource room

Flexible group working space

Video conferenced

IT Support

Freely accessible

Student interns

Student & Staff activities

Home of student businesses in CETLE Incubator

Student ‘proof of concept’ fund

>1,400 students in ‘York Entrepreneurs’

Programme of events and activities

Curriculum development projects

Broader activities

Member of European Foundation for Entrepreneurship Research

Member of the EAEEIE ELLEIEC Thematic Network Project

NCGE / Kauffman Scholarships

Nanjing York Joint Centre for Enterprise & Employability

World University Network Enterprise Strand

Centre for Intrapreneurship Research

Curriculum Development Projects

Embedding enterprise into academic modules

NOT Business School led

Distributed teaching

Bottom up

Funded through a curriculum development budget

Departmental enterprise champions

Ensures sustainability

All developed teaching materials go into the pool

STEM subjects - 8 (WRCE) + 3

Health Sciences - 1

Arts and Humanities - 10

York Award - 3

Careers / Life Long Learning - 1

Professional Organisational Development - 1

Continuing Education - 2

Colleges – 1

Postgraduate training – 1 course

Confusing concepts

Enterprise – having an idea, and taking advantage of the opportunities to make things happen

Entrepreneurship – an activity which leads to the creation and management of a new organisation designed to pursue a unique, innovative opportunity (Hindle & Rushworth, 2000)

Intrapreneurship - "dreamers who do," those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any kind within an organization’. (Pinchot 1999)

University view:

It’s not about starting a business

It’s about developing a student who is ‘enterprising’ in whatever walk of life they choose to follow.

Enterprise skills depend on the discipline.The adopted definition depends on the discipline.

Our interpretation is flexible!

Enterprise in Electronics

• Department of Electronics, York – Entrepreneurial model

• Stage 1: One intervention

• First year group project

• Development of transferable skills

• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module

• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module

• Improved flow and cohesion

Year 1 Project

• Year 1 ‘technical’ project• Supervision groups• 4 – 5 students• Never met before• Cultural adjustment from

school• Multicultural mix

Year 1 Project

Working in teams

What is a small business?

Creativity

Project planning

Product design in thebusiness context

Intro to marketing

Report writing

Use of wordprocessors

Managing meetings

Poster preparation

Term 1 Term 2 Term 3

Submit productidea and

business name

Present posterof product

Theory

Practice• Year 1 ‘technical’ project• Supervision groups• 4 – 5 students• Never met before• Cultural adjustment from

school• Multicultural mix

Year 1 Project

Theory

Practice

Use of speadsheets

Project costing

Intro to production

Intro to finance

Public speaking

Intro to legal matters

Producing the businessplan

Design and buildproduct

Presentation of product &

business plan

Term 1 Term 2 Term 3

Year 1 Project

Theory

Practice

Use of speadsheets

Project costing

Intro to production

Intro to finance

Public speaking

Intro to legal matters

Producing the businessplan

Design and buildproduct

Presentation of product &

business plan

Term 1 Term 2 Term 3

• JIT Teaching model• Experimental• ‘Fun’ activity

• Motivational• Team Building• Work ethic

• Behavioural development

• Foundation to build theory upon

Enterprise in Electronics

• Department of Electronics, York

• Stage 1: One intervention

• First year group project

• Development of transferable skills

• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module

• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module

• Improved flow and cohesion

• Stage 2: More than one module

• Year 4 Enterprise module

Year 4 Enterprise

Project Centered Learning Module Investigation into a real product or technology

Real ‘Owner’ Team activity Self-study Extensive web-based support resource Weekly tutorials (process) Ad hoc meetings with ‘Owner’ Strong emphasis on reality

http://www.prod-dev.com/stage-gate.shtm

Enterprise in Electronics

• Department of Electronics, York

• Stage 1: One intervention

• First year group project

• Development of transferable skills

• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module

• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module

• Improved flow and cohesion

• Stage 2: More than one module

• Year 4 Enterprise module

• Stage 3: Full Integration

Enterprise in Electronics

Strategic Management

Enterprise

Marketing Accounting and Finance

Project Management

People & Quality

People in Technology Based Organisations

Introduction to Business Management in Electronic EngineeringYear 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Are we successful? How do we assess?

Domain ‘technical’ knowledge

Enterprepreneurial ‘technical’ knowledge

Enterprepreneurial behaviours

Equipped student

What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?

assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)

Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill

Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence / meta-behaviour

Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours – What is entrepreneurship?

+

Integrated model of X’trapreneurship

Imagine entrepreneurship

opportunity

Disposition to act

Decision to act

Act of ‘x’preneurship

Entrepreneurship

Establish the enterprise

Manage the enterprise

Return to entrepreneur

Uncertainty in market place

Change in market place

Opportunity in market place

Available resources & facilities in local

environment

Entrepreneurial personality

•Risk tolerance•Uncertainty tolerance•Vision & Creativity•Capacity to inspire•High internal locus of control•Resilience & Tenacity•Self aware

•Self confidence•High energy•Achievement orientation•Proactive•Desire for autonomy•Flexibility•Ability to learn

Societal influences

•Dependency culture•Role model culture•Tradition culture•Failure / success culture•Societal safety net

Control over resources & facilities in local environment

Access to finance

Intrapreneurship

Process innovation

management

Product innovation

management

Technical skillsSmall business forms

IPRMarketing

FinanceBusiness planning

Legal issuesLogistics management

Technical skillsMarketing

FinanceStrategic planning

HRMProduction managementLogistics managementQuality management

Behavioural skillsMotivation

Problem solvingNegotiation

Team working

Behavioural skillsCommunications

JudgementNegotiation

Technical skillsChange management

IPR, MarketingHRM, Finance

Business planningLegal issues

Logistics management Strategic planning

Production managementQuality management

Behavioural skillsCommunications

NegotiationJudgementMotivation

Problem solvingNegotiation

Team working

Creative ability

Are we successful?

• What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?

• Enterprise ‘Technical’ modules – assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)

• Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill

• Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence

• Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours

• Possibly through:

• Entrepreneurial Intent (EI) &

• Venturing Self-Efficacy (VSE)

Enterprise Research

Study of Entrepreneurial Intent and Venturing Self-Efficacy Statistically reliable measures of VSE & EI Longitudinal study of Engineering Students Regional Entrepreneurial Intentions Survey Effectiveness of Industrial Placements Pan European ‘Tuning’ perception analysis (Students/Staff/Employers)

EU Project - Virtual Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning Bite-sized learning + Language mentoring – Quick plug for this later

Effectiveness of teaching modules (Accounting) Measure for accounting and finance self-efficacy Comparative study of MBA v taught Masters v Undergrad methods Multi-institutional study

Are we successful?

• What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?

• Enterprise ‘Technical’ modules – assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)

• Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill

• Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence

• Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours

• Entrepreneurial Intent (EI) & Venturing Self-Efficacy (VSE)

• Questionnaire with reliable metrics

• Enterprising/Entrepreneurship:

• Outcome measure – The ability to start a business (if I want to)?

Other random embeds

Palliative Care Module- Health Sciences

History of Art – College Art Gallery

Personal Professional Practitioner

Your Module Challenge

Where / What do you want to put into your curriculum

Is the embedded model best for you?

What are the challenges you face?

What resources do you have/need?

What are your learning objectives?

Where can you develop these and how?

What might be appropriate assessment techniques?

Discuss in groups and report back

Enterprise skills

Working in teams, Creativity, Innovation, Project planning and management, Presentation skills, Managing meetings Problem solving

Business research, Nature of business, Business plan, Marketing, Product design, Accounting and Finance, Legal issues Human Resource Management Production, Quality & Logistics

SOFT

HARD

Wrap Up & Advertisement

Thank you for your participation - Any questions

EU funded ELLEIEC projectVirtual Centre for EnterpriseLearning in 1ECU chunks

Currently under developmentBut – if anyone is interested in looking at it, please contact me.

tony.ward@york.ac.uk

Strategic options

Embedded model

+ Taught by familiar staff

+ Contextualised to subject

+ Enthuses staff + students?

+ Real culture change

+ Pedagogy locally set

- Teaching staff not experts

- Long term sustainability

- Needs departmental champions

Service teaching model

+ Teaching economy of scale

+ Taught by an ‘expert’

- Timetabling complexities

- Teaching subject based

- Pedagogy set by expert (but to ‘customer’ spec?)

- Mass ‘Sheep dipping’ ?

Education Process

Enterprise at York

EnterpriseT & L

Resources

Staff development, TLDC, FELT , VLE, Careers, Research agenda

York AwardMillennium Volunteers

Active York, STEP, BUSY

Enterprise ZonePre-UniversityFeeder system Industry

(Intrapreneurship)

Enterprise(Entrepreneurship)

Social&

‘For-profit’EnterpriseExperience

Innovations

Enterprise &Innovation Office

Industry

External bodies(DTI, HEFCE, HEA, LSC, NCGE)

(Yorkshire Forward, Higher York, Science City York)

York’s Enterprise connections