emerald ash borer 11.21.13 -wyatt williams, odf
DESCRIPTION
Talk given by Wyatt Williams on EAB. Presented at PDX Ecologists Unite on 11/21/13 and presented here with permission.TRANSCRIPT
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Oregon Department of Forestry
Promoting and Practicing Sustainable Forestry
Emerald Ash Borer A threat to Oregon’s forests?
Wyatt Williams Invasive Species Specialist November 21, 2013
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D. Cappaert, Michigan State U.
Emerald Ash Borer adult and larvae Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire
Coleoptera: Buprestidae 15,000 known species, 450 genera
Agrilus 3,000 known species
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Origins of EAB
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EAB in North America
• First identified, Detroit, MI and Windsor, ON in 2002
• Infestation had been established since ~1990
• Now in 22 states, 2 provinces
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= 4 new EAB detections in 2013
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How EAB got here
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ISPM 15 of IPPC – a treaty of 180 nations
Requirement to treat wood materials for shipping products between countries: • thickness >6 mm • pallets, crates, dunnage, etc. • must be debarked then treated • prevent spread of invasive insects and disease
DE=Germany
National agency who does permitting
Pallet Manufacturer ID #
Treatment: Heat (56oC, 30 min) De-barked
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Some effects of EAB
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Some effects of EAB
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Signs/symptoms of EAB
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Costs of EAB
• Ecological – 10’s of millions of trees killed
• Economical – 10’s of millions of dollars spent
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Treatments – Eradication/Suppression
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Treatments - Chemical
• Tree injections
• Systemic insecticides
– Imidacloprid
– Emamectin benzoate
• Costly ($100-$500)
• Repeat applications
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Treatments - Biological Control
• Three parasitoids introduced starting in 2007
• Tetrastichus planipennisi shows most promise
• Released in 2007-2008, follow up surveys in 2012, Michigan
• 21% parasitism rate
• Not enough?
• Still climbing?
Duan et al. 2013 T. Murray
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www.dontmovefirewood.org •Continental Dialogue on Non-Native Forests Insects and Diseases (multi-agency) •The Nature Conservancy
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Ash trees in Oregon
Name Common Wild Urban Origin
Fraxinus latifolia Oregon ash Yes Yes OR, WA, CA
Fraxinus americana White ash No Yes Eastern U.S.
Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leafed ash No Yes Eurasia
Fraxinus excelsior European ash No Yes Europe
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash No Yes Eastern U.S.
*Six additional species may occur in small numbers in urban landscapes.
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Native and naturalized Fraxinus spp. in Oregon
USDA PLANTS database
F. latifolia, Oregon Ash
F. dipletala, California Ash
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Oregon Ash • Wetland edges up to 3,000’ elevation
• Green flowers, no petals
• Leaf underside covered in dense velvet
• 80’ H, 12-30” DBH
• Leaves 5-13” long, 5-9 blades per leaf
• Blades 3-7” long, 1-1.5” wide
• Samaras 1-2” long
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Oregon Ash
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Oregon ash – important riparian plant?
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Standard APHIS protocol for sampling EAB: • 3-sided, sticky purple prism trap baited with 2 plant volatiles • 3-10 m in ash tree for 16 weeks • 240 sites in western Oregon
W. Williams Oregon Dept. of Forestry
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EAB trap locations in Oregon, 2013
ODF: 240 traps
APHIS: 101 traps
340 traps
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Typical EAB trap site in western Oregon
W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
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Typical EAB trap site in western Oregon
W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
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EAB trap after 8 weeks. Can you find the EAB adult?
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W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
EAB trap after 8 weeks.
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Ash phylogeny
Whitehill et al. 2011
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Defensive chemistry of resistant Manchurian Ash
Whitehill et al. 2012 Eyles et al. 2007
Lignoid #1
Pinoresinol
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Whitehill et al. 2011
• Nano-LS-MS to investigate protein differences among resistant and susceptible ash species
• Identified 4 major proteins in Manchurian ash that are not in others
• Need to develop feeding bioassay for EAB
• Genes that confer chemical defense could be used in North American ash via hybridization or transgenic approaches
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Other invasive pests of trees
• Asian longhorned beetles
– Anoplophora glabripennis
• Asian defoliating moths
– Lymantria dispar
• Phytophthora spp.
– Sudden Oak Death
• Unknown others???
Lesion inside bark
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Questions More info:
To report suspect findings, talk to a local:
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/emerald_ash_b/
http://www.emeraldashborer.info/
http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org
Oregon Department of Forestry Invasive Species Specialist Wyatt Williams – [email protected] Urban and Community Forestry Program http://www.oregon.gov/ODF/Pages/urban_forests/urban_forests.aspx
OSU Forestry Extension Program http://extensionweb.forestry.oregonstate.edu/