Emergence of Civilization

Unit 1New Stone Ages

End of Paleolithic Era Marked by the end of the last Ice Age

Glaciers start to melt and move back towards the poles

Land bridges become covered with water as the oceans start to fill back up

Believed to be the way in which people first came to this continent from Africa and Europe, following herds

Changed the climate of many areas, deserts appeared with new plants

New Stone Age Peoples New Stone Age

Mesolithic Era ‘Meso’ meaning middle Lasted about 10,000 years

18,000 B.C.E. to 8000 B.C.E.

Africa, China, Asia, Europe, Americas and Middle East (Mesopotamia)

New Stone Age Peoples

Mesolithic Era Developed the Bow and Harpoons Tamed dogs, used for hunting small

animals Built canoes from hollowed out logs

Cross large rivers Fish in deep waters

New Stone Age Peoples Neolithic Era

‘Neo’ meaning New Lasted about 4000 years

8000 B.C.E. to 3500 B.C.E.

Started grinding and polishing tools to sharper points and edges

New Stone Age Peoples Agricultural Revolution

Change from hunting and moving to farming Domesticated Animals – For work and food

Dogs, Sheep, goats and pigs Women farmed, men hunted

Permanent settlements Villages Built houses

Some remained hunters & gatherers and nomadic

New Stone Age Peoples Growth of political structure

Council of Elders Make decisions Settle disputes

Developed more complete spoken languages

Specialized tools Garden hoes – Granite Cloth – Wool Nets for fishing Pottery for cooking

New Stone Age Peoples Used animals for work

Oxen to pull plows Use of organic fertilizers Work more land, harvest more crops Support larger population

Simple religions based upon nature Gods control the forces of nature

New Stone Age Peoples Transportation Improvements

Wheel is invented improved land transportation replaced the wooden sleds

Sails start to be used for water transportation Quicker, more efficient means of travel

Metals start to be used Copper is the first Bronze

mix of copper and tin - stronger metal

New Stone Age Peoples By 3000 B.C.E. all of these inventions

and items are in use in some part of the world, BUT NOT ALL.

Change in the way people lived and survived

Brings more technological advances

The End

Questions for Review

1. What major change took place during the Agricultural Revolution?

2. What does a Council of Elders do?3. What were the domesticated animals used

for?4. Name two technological advancements

during this time period.5. How can this change that took place from

the Old Stone Age to the New apply to our world today?