emergence of the notion of multi-stakeholder internet governance during the. collegium budapest...
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Emergence of the notion of
Multi-Stakeholder Internet Governance
during the .
Collegium Budapest
August 5, 2006Bertrand de La Chapelle
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
A case study of the potential of complexity science in public policy issues
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
This presentation has been prepared for the Seminar « Potentials of Complexity Science for Business,
Governments and the Media » held at the Collegium Budapest
on August 3-5, 2006
It represents a personal research of the author and in no way an official position of the French authorities
or the French Foreign Ministry.
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Structure
1 – The WSIS (2002-2005) and what it produced
2 – The « four magic words » and how they emerged
3 – A new governance model and how it can spread
1- The WSIS (2002-2005)
What was the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) ?
And what did it produce ?
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
WSIS is a thematic UN summit
decided in1998
organized by ITU
that took place in two phases : Geneva (2003) and Tunis (2005)
for more than 15.000 participants
a « Johannesburg for the Internet »
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Four distinct constituencies
Governments International Organizations
Civil Society, NGOsBusiness Sector
Bureau HLSOC
CCBIBureauSC
Executive Secretariat
ITU
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A four-year process
Geneva Tunis
PrepComs
Regional Conferences
2003 2005
ThematicConferences
2002 2004
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
11 major issue clusters
1. Role of governments and other stakeholders--------------
2. Infrastructure (Connectivity, Access)--------------
3. Access to Information and Knowledge---------------------
4. Building Confidence and Security--------------
5. Enabling Environment (Regulation, Laws)--------------
6. Capacity Building (Formation)--------------
7. ICT Applications (Health, Environment, …)--------------
8. Cultural Diversity, local content--------------
9. Media---------------
10. Ethical Dimensions--------------
11. International and regional cooperation
More than 80 sub-themes
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Apparent and real Results
Traditionally : four diplomatic Documents Geneva : Declaration of Principes + Plan of Action Tunis : Tunis Agenda + Commitment
More importantly : A community of practice / complex network ? Four words : Internet Governance Multi-
Stakeholder Forum
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A community of practice ?
Interconnexion of existing social networks among constituencies : Govts, C.S, B.S., IGOs
within constituencies, particularly Civil Society
Thematic clustering : CS caucuses, WG,
Active rewiring through connectors and convenors (via numerous meetings)
Electronic tools (mailing lists, web sites, blogs, etc…)
Scale-Free Complex Network ? Small World ?
2- The four magic words
Internet Governance (Geneva 2003)
Multi-Stakeholder Forum (Tunis 2005)
And how they emerged !
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
What was the issue (simplified) ?
Who controls the Internet ? (particularly its critical ressources - the DNS - and ICANN)
Pressure of countries (China, Brazil) to : impose a bigger role for governments end the prominent role of the US government
What role for the four constituencies ?
Almost a political deadlock at the end of 2003
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A reformulation was needed
As an « Issue of Common Concern or Interest » (aka ICCI)
Governance means : neither pure government nor pure private or technical management
Internet Governance covers both : governance OF the Internet (infrastructure,…) and governance ON the Internet (spam, …)
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Multi-Stakeholder Forum ?
a Forum is a neutral middle ground between : intergovernmental organizations (UN-type like ITU) the non-profit civil society structure (ICANN or W3C)
Multi-stakeholder allows : involvement of all consituencies without determining their respective roles yet
The first Internet Governance Forum (IGF) : will meet in Athens at the end of October
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
How this emerged ?
a four-year process slowly but progressively building trust and acceptance of CS and BS
progressive meme contamination of speeches, then texts through viral agents and promoters
some bifurcations (=> fitness landscape) and critical paths (inserting amendments)
tipping point under boundary conditions (the summits themselves)
3 – A new generic model ?
A new governance approach is needed for the complex issues of our time and the size of our
global polity.
But in spite of the limits of the present system we do not have yet a complete alternative,
only building blocks.
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Complex issues ?
Trans-frontier /Global
Multi-levelMulti-actors
• Absolute sovereignty ?• Legitimacy of actors ?• Genericity ?
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A global polity ?
The natural size of the Polity is a day’s travel (by horse, car/train, planes)
Political systems depend upon communication tools (voice, print, Internet)
Third generation of political systems : after monarchies and representative democracy, participatory governance ?
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Three ages, three distribution issues
Agriculture Industry Digital
Landownership
Added ValueMonetary /
Non-monetary
MonarchyRepresentative
DemocracyParticipatorygovernance ?
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A new Governance ?
Issue-based, not only geography based
Shared responsibility rather than mere sovereignty
Involving all concerned Stakeholders
Contributive rather than representative
Decision-shaping rather than decision-taking
Offering interoperability protocols between different governance frameworks
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
From Separation to Clustering
HierarchicalDelegation
Thematic Clustering
with overlaps
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Multi-layer architecture
Governance Frameworks (ex : DDHC, preambles)
Governance Charters (Thematic Constitutions)
Governance Regimes (Laws, Regulations, Standards)
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Iterative five-stage processes
Initiation DraftingEnforce-
mentAdoptionImple-
mentation
Variable roles and responsibilities of the different stakeholders
in the five stages
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
A definition of Governance ?
The set of rules and procedures
Adopted and used by a group of actors
To initiate, draft, adopt, implement and enforce
Specific regimes and decisions
To address their issues of common concern or interest (ICCIs)
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Can MS governance percolate ?
Will work in the Internet sphere test bed (global nature, legitimacy of actors)
Reduces prisoner’s dilemmas situations and facilitates positive sum games
Already propagating to ECOSOC (NY)
Will replicate in and reform other domains of the international system
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
How to help the transition ?
Document case studies of Complexity Theory in public issues (ex. Health or Crime in Tipping Point de M. Gladwell)
Expose policy – makers to these examples in joint seminars with practitioners
Encourage trans-disciplinary research efforts with political scientists (conflict zones as well as constitutionnalists)
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
Thank You
Bertrand de La Chapelle Collegium Budapest, August 5, 2006
[email protected] Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Government and the Media
P.S. : Personnal announcement
For a personnal project, I am looking for : data sets on professional conferences :
speakers, participants and exhibitor lists or a way to access them
efficient clustering algorithms for social network structuration (incl. overlapping communities)
competences in recommendation systems and collaborative filtering