emergency first aid guidelines for california schools an overview of content and how to use
TRANSCRIPT
Emergency First Aid Guidelines for California
SchoolsAn Overview of Content
And How to Use
Purpose
To serve as a basic “what to do in an emergency” for school staff with or without medical training.
The guidelines were created as a recommended procedure.
In a true emergency situation use your best judgment.
It is strongly recommended…
…that staff who are in a position to provide first-aid to students complete an approved first-aid and CPR course.
…that you familiarize yourself with the format of the guidelines prior to the actual emergency situation.
…that you use the guidelines for reference before, during and/or after an event.
What do the Guidelines address?
Emergency procedures When to call 9-1-1 Basic information on infection
control Information on emergency
planning Planning for persons with special
needs Recommended first-aid
equipment Emergency phone numbers
The Design
Alphabetical order with tabs Flow charts guide you through
decision steps to treat common illnesses and injuries
Flow charts use color-coded shapes to clarify steps
Key to Shapes and Colors
This note provides background information.
This type of box should be read
before emergencies occur.
START HERE
Key to Shapes and Colors
? Question Being Asked?You need to choose
based on person’s condition.Follow the pathway for your answer.
NO YES
Provides First-Aid Instructions
Key to Shapes and Colors
STOP HERE.This is the
final instruction.
Final instruction for the algorithm. In some emergencies, multiple algorithms may be used.
Additional Informationor
Signs and Symptoms
Key to Shapes and Colors
TIME TO CALL 9-1-1• There may be additional directions to
continue care or see another algorithm.
Don’t Delay 9-1-1 When Needed
Have someone contact the 911 system, as soon as possible, after it is known that their assistance is needed. Delay in accessing the 911 system could result in worsening of a person’s condition and may lead to additional injury.
Direct Fire/Ambulance
Have someone meet fire or ambulance response units
Give directions to location of person.
Always Remember ABCs
Airway – Open the airway – 1st No Air in, all else is lost.
Breathing – Ensure Breathing – 2nd You may need to breath for the person
or do CPR
Circulation (i.e., bleeding) – 3rd Heart beating or CPR – Nothing else
matters Control Bleeding – Prevent the loss of
blood
Call 9-1-1 For:
Blocked Airway Unable to get air into lungs (i.e.,
choking) Difficulty Breathing
Absent or labored breathing Wheezing due to an allergic
reaction (i.e., after a bee sting) Near drowning – even if awake and
appears ok water can have a delayed effect on lungs
Call 9-1-1 for
Uncontrollable Bleeding – you can’t stop it
Unconsciousness After any injury If person has history of Diabetes Unexplained reason
Head Injury Possible Poisoning
Call 9-1-1 Immediately
GET ADVANCED MEDICAL HELP ASAP
Answer Questions Follow Instructions Do Not Hang Up Stay Calm Provide First Aid until
ambulance arrives
WHAT TO DO FIRSTCHECK FOR
RESPONSIVENESS
If Unresponsive, send someone to call 9-1-1
AIRWAY ENSURE AIRWAY IS OPEN. If patient is unconscious use head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust
WHAT TO DO NEXT
BREATHINGENSURE PERSON IS BREATHING LOOK, LISTEN, AND FEEL for breathing. If no breathing, SEE CPR and Give Rescue Breaths
CIRCULATIONCHECK FOR SIGNS OF CIRCULATION (Pulse, movement, breathing, color). If no signs of circulation, SEE CPR. CONTROL BLEEDING
DISABILITY - TREAT INJURIES/ILLNESS THAT
MAY RESULT IN DISABILITY. (Head injuries, spine injuries, and fractures will need medical attention)
DO NOT FORGET THESE
FIRST AID / MEDICAL AIDProvide first aid and medical support to most serious injuries/illness risks first.
Which One First?
Scenario Child falls
from bleachers
Dirty, abrasions
Bleeding scalp
Unconscious, then awakes
Remember ABC’s1. Unconscious due
to injury – call 911
2. Is awake, therefore airway open & breathing
3. Bleeding, See “Bleeding” apply direct pressure
4. Abrasions, See “Cuts, Scratches & Scraps”
Ready to Try One?
Try this One
Child is holding hand and tells teacher he was bitten by a dog. There is some blood oozing from several small punctures/scrapes. Child otherwise is crying and looks normal.
BITES (Human & Animal)Wear disposable gloveswhen exposed to blood
or other body fluids
• Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes
• Wash with soap and water • If wound bled, apply
clean bandage
Is the person bleeding?
CALL 9-1-1See “Bleeding”
·Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding
site·“See Bleeding”
Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See “Tetanus” for more information.
Is bite from a human?
If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area
still and below the level of the heart.
Call POISON CONTROL CENTER1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate
· Don’t try to catch or touch the animal
· Get description and location of animal
· Report to Animal Control or proper authority, usually the local Health Department, so
that animal can be caught & watched for rabies
Contact responsible school nurse or administrator and parents/legal guardians. Inform if a human bite
that both the person bitten and the person biting may
have been exposed to blood from other person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CAREFile Incident Report
Is bite large or gaping?Is blood spurting?
Is bleeding uncontrolled?
The Whole Thing
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
BITES (Human & Animal)
Wear disposable gloves
when exposed to bloodor other body fluids
Is the person bleeding? · Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on
bleeding site· See “Bleeding”
YES
Yes decision Leads to action box
Check second protocol for additional help
BITES – First Aid
Is bite large or gaping?Is blood spurting?
NO
Is the person bleeding?
· Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes
· Wash with soap and water · If wound bled, apply
clean bandage
NO
First Aid Steps
YES • Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding
site• See “Bleeding”
BITES (Con’t)· Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding site· See “Bleeding”
Is bite large or gaping?Is blood spurting?
CALL 9-1-1See “Bleeding”
YES
NODifferentAction steps
GET HELP
! Emergent condition,
do you need 9-1-1?
Is bleeding uncontrolled?
BITES – Next StepsBandage
NO
YES
Is bite from a human?
YES
Decision,
what
type?
If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area still and below the level of
the heart.Call POISON CONTROL
CENTER1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate.
Use Poison Control, and
follow directions
BITES – Last Steps· Don’t try to catch or touch the animal· Get description and location of animal· Report to Animal Control or proper
authority, usually the local Health Department, so that animal can be caught
& watched for rabies
Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See “Tetanus” for more information.
Contact responsible school authority and parents/legal
guardians. Inform if a human bite that both the person bitten and the
person biting may have been exposed to blood from other
person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CAREFile Incident Report
The END
BITES (Human & Animal)Wear disposable gloveswhen exposed to blood
or other body fluids
• Hold bite area under running water for 2-3 minutes
• Wash with soap and water • If wound bled, apply
clean bandage
Is the person bleeding?
CALL 9-1-1See “Bleeding”
·Press firmly with a clean dressing/cloth on bleeding
site·“See Bleeding”
Check immunization record for DT, DPT (tetanus). See “Tetanus” for more information.
Is bite from a human?
If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile, hold the bitten area
still and below the level of the heart.
Call POISON CONTROL CENTER1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate
· Don’t try to catch or touch the animal
· Get description and location of animal
· Report to Animal Control or proper authority, usually the local Health Department, so
that animal can be caught & watched for rabies
Contact responsible school nurse or administrator and parents/legal guardians. Inform if a human bite
that both the person bitten and the person biting may
have been exposed to blood from other person. ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CAREFile Incident Report
Is bite large or gaping?Is blood spurting?
Is bleeding uncontrolled?
The Whol
e Thing
Yes
No No
No
No
Yes
Implementing the Guidelines
Review the Guidelines in advance Write down your local emergency
phone numbers Make available to all who might use Provide training to staff. Encourage all school staff to take 1st
Aid and CPR training. Check with designated first aid
person and local policies.