emergency management; spinal cord injury
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
SPINAL CORD INJURY: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENTBy: Joanna Kristal Remollino, Staff Nurse
SPINAL CORD INJURY
A TRAUMA
INCOMPLETE / COMPLETE
TETRAPLEGIA VS PARAPLEGIA
CLASSIFIED using ASIA Impairment scale
(A, B, C, D and E)
Causes
OBJECTIVE
Tp prevent further trauma
To observe symptoms of progressive neurologic deficits
To improve breathing pattern and airway clearance
To improve mobility
To improve sensory and perceptual awareness
To relieve urinary retention
To improve bowel function
absence of complications
Promote comfort
POLICY1. Assessment of patient with spinal cord injury
patent airway
location and severity of cord damage
neurologic level of injury
vital signs
2. Injuries to the spinal column
transient concussionContusion
Laceration
Compression of cord substance
Complete transection of the cord
3. Unconscious patient that is a victim of accident must be considered to have a spinal injury
4. Unconscious trauma patient and with possible SCI must be immobilized
5. Signs and symptoms
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbosacral
Other syndromes of incomplete cord injury
-central cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, Brown-Sequard syndrome, Posterior Cord syndrome
Materials and Equipments
Diagnostics
Xray
MRI
CT SCAN
management
S uspicious Mechanism
P AIN
I ntoxication of any kind that may contribute to the injury
N umbness
A ny distracting/ painful injury that suggest massive trauma
L evel of consciousness
R U L E
PROCEDUREOBTAIN HISTORY OF THE ACCIDENT
ASSESS TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION
MAINTAIN AIRWAY, PREPARE FOR INTUBATION
ADMINISTER OXYGEN
IMMOBILIZE THE HEAD AND NECK
CHECK / MONITOR FOR VITAL SIGNS
PROVIDE IV ACCESS
PLACE ON FIRM BED UNTIL STABLE
MEASURE I/O
EXPEDITE ADMISSION OR REFERRAL
Casualty lifting