emerging contaminants in soils: challenges and
TRANSCRIPT
Emerging Contaminants in Soils: Challenges and Opportunities from Quantification to
Remediation
Dr Christine Switzer Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Strathclyde
Introduction
Conc (TPH) = 31,000 mg/kg ± 14,000 mg/kg Conc (TPH) = 10 mg/kg ± 4 mg/kg
Switzer et al., 2014. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 268, pp. 51-60.
Pironi et al., 2011. Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (7), pp. 2987-2993.
Switzer et al., 2009. Environmental Science & Technology, 43 (15), pp. 5871–5877.
Pironi et al., 2009. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32 (2), pp. 1957-1964.
My background: contaminant transport and remediation in soils
Detection and Quantification
Co-elution and interference with BFR mixture
Br
Br OCH3
Br
Br
H3CO
Teuten et al (2005)
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
OCH3
Pena-Abaurrea et al (2009)
Biodegradation/biotransformation Applied: ~50,000mg/kg Recovered: ~30,000mg/kg
Fresh tar
Aged tar Recovery <50%
Release Mechanisms and Transport (1)
Release Mechanisms and Transport (2) http://www.ecochunk.com/tag/electronic-waste/
Release Mechanisms and Transport (2)
Release Mechanisms and Transport (3)
Release Mechanisms and Transport (3)
Metcalf & Eddy (2004) http://www.rockvillemd.gov
Blackburn Meadows WWTW (Google Maps)
Release Mechanisms and Transport (4) http://www.epd.gov.hk http://www.bono.it
http://oldweb.northampton.ac.uk
http://www.aboutmyplanet.com
Release Mechanisms and Transport (5)
Beneficial components: • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Organic matter
Possible harmful components: • Pathogens • Heavy metals • Emerging contaminants
Land Application of Sludge
Release Mechanisms?
Release Mechanisms?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-24603346
Transport in soil
Du et al (2013)
Worch (1993) as cited in Cristale et al (2013)
Csa
Free diffusion in water
Conventional Remediation
Pankow and Cherry, 1997
Source Zone or Downgradient Intervention
Conventional Source Zone Remediation
http://www.ehponline.org
http://savronsolutions.com
Thermal Smouldering
Chemical oxidation http://groundsure.com
Conventional Downgradient Remediation Bioremediation
Pseudomonas (aerobic) Dehalococcoides (anaerobic)
Phytoremediation Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs)
http://pseudomonas.com http://web.utk.edu/~microlab/
http://clu-in.org http://clu-in.org
Monitored Natural Attenuation
Source
Remediation
http://www.rockvillemd.gov
Possible Intervention: Tertiary treatment and/or
sludge treatment
Remediation
P. ostreatus and other white rot fungi (M. Malgaretti)
Harms et al (2011): http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v9/n3/abs/nrmicro2519.html
Promising Early Results: • PAHs • PCDDs and PCDFs • Pesticides • Other POPs Singleton (2001)
http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2406831/fuean_contaminated_soils.html
Remediation?
"Final tags". Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_tags.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Final_tags.jpg
Constructed Wetland: Enhanced sequestration or degradation?
Conclusions: Challenges & Opportunities Detection and quantification
Contaminant release, transport, and mass transfer
Remediation