emerging technologies in education v2

February 2013

Emerging Tech Ed Making innovations happen in education

Learning in 3D:

3D printing and holograms

GESTURE-BASED

COMPUTING:

X-box and Wii for surgical

training

Stem Cell to overcome

learning disabilities

2

CONTENTS February 2013

Emerging Tech Ed Making innovations happen in education

Education +

Technology

3 Education and technology:

Obstacles and opportunities. How tech-

nology can help address the challenges in educa-

tion.

Education enticers

6 Interactive White Board. Say

goodbye to chalk dust.

6 3D Printing. Turn the designs on

your screen to 3D objects.

8 Flexible LED Display. Clearer

and more vibrant images from benda-

ble screens.

Education enablers

10 Stem Cell Therapy. Stem cell therapy

may be the answer to some learning disabilities.

12 Text to speech technology. Innova-

tions that give a voice.

Education

enhancers

14 Holograms. Virtual classrooms

in 3D.

16 Gesture-based computing.

X-box and Wii in surgical training.

18 Google glasses. Augmented-

reality head-mounted display.

THIS MONTH’S COVER

SOURCE: http://www.dagorret.net

3

Education and Technology:

Obstacles and

Opportunities Education is as old as civilization itself.

Survival necessitated man to be able to pre-

serve culture, customs and knowledge and

transfer these from one generation to another.

From its early beginnings, education

has evolved dramatically in the last few centu-

ries. Today, the education sector falls into

three broad sectors: K-12 which includes preschool, primary and secondary schools, Higher

Education which includes colleges and universities as well as post-graduate degrees in fields

like law, business and medicine and finally Vocational Education which focuses on industry/

profession-based learning.

The advancement of education has also heralded the advent of ancillary education

services such as after-school tutoring, charter schools, special or alternative education, edu-

cational content suppliers and professional

development of administrators and teachers.

According to Wikipedia, “systems of

schooling involve institutionalized teaching

and learning in relation to a curriculum, which

itself is established according to a predeter-

mined purpose of the schools in the system.” (Wikipedia.com)

While majority of schools are owned and funded by the state, schools that operate in-

dependently from the state are also increasing. Private institutions like religious organiza-

tions; business entities or socio-civic foundations usually manage private schools.

“The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows.”

-Sydney J. Harris

Source: Ipad in de klas, http://vivesacademie.nl

4

Despite globalization and modernization, there is still disparity in the distribution and availabil-

ity of education globally. While some schools cost as much as $60K annually, there are still millions

of kids worldwide who do not have access even to primary education.

In 2000, the United Nations enumerated as one of its Millennium Development Goal to

achieve Primary Education. The program aims to “ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys

and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.” (Un.org)

In its 2010 report, while the UN has reported great strides in many countries, the target is unlikely to

be met citing inequality as one of the impediments towards achieving universal education. This is

just one example of inequality in education. There are several supply and demand drivers of the ed-

ucation industry that impact its equitable distribution.

The demand drivers of education include availability of income or funds and the relative cost

of schooling options, opportunity cost of education, cultural influences and the support from various

units of society like the government and private institutions. On the other hand, supply drivers in-

clude the availability of the educational resources like labor force and structures, funding to keep

schools operating and the constantly changing cultural dynamics.

All these push and pull in the education industry, emerging technologies can help improve the bal-

ance between supply and demand drivers so as to make education available to more people despite

the constraints surrounding their individual circumstances.

Source: End of the year teaching ideas, http://straubroland.wordpress.com

5

When we were in school, there were the traditional, painfully loud and irritating blackboards

and chalk. Sure, they made tremendous chalk clouds, but other than that, the blackboards were

more of an annoyance than anything else. Then whiteboard came in to existence and quickly re-

placed all blackboards and chalk in schools .

An interactive whiteboard (IWB), is a large interactive display that connects to a computer. A

projector projects the computer's desktop onto the board's surface where users control the computer

using a pen, finger, stylus, or other device. The board is typically mounted to a wall or floor stand.

They are used in a variety of settings, including classrooms at all levels of education, in cor-

porate board rooms and work groups, in training rooms for professional sports coaching, in broad-

casting studios and others.

HOW INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD WORKS

The basic structure of interactive whiteboard consists of computer, monitor (interactive white-

board), contents (education software), and network system. The computer is for running the pro-

grams and education software while the monitor has a touch-screen function. Network system con-

nects the system with others inside and outside of classroom through internet and intranet.

There are two kinds of interactive whiteboard. One is projector type, the other is LCD type.

Projector type uses additional projector which projects slides onto the board from outside or inside

the whiteboard. On the other hand, there are several types of touchscreen whiteboards.

Resistive Membrane

These whiteboards have soft, flexible surface similar to vinyl consisting of two pieces of resis-

tive material separated by a small gap, which creates a touch-sensitive membrane. They can be

drawn on using fingers or a special stylus that can represent pens of different colors via software se-

lection. Movement is tracked by detecting the pressure of the stylus object on the surface. The co-

ordinates correspond to the area on the computer monitor.

Source: http://raindart.deviantart.com

6

Electro-Magnetic

These whiteboards are similar to traditional whiteboards in that they have a hard surface and

can be drawn on with normal pens. To work interactively they require special battery-driven pens

that emit a small magnetic field detected either by the frame of the whiteboard or by a grid of fine

wires embedded beneath the surface of the board.

Laser Scanners

These whiteboards have a hard writing surface with infrared laser scanners mounted in the

top corners of the board that detect pen movement. To work interactively they require special felt

pens, each of which has a uniquely encoded reflective collar that the lasers use to register its color

and position.

ADVANTAGES

They make it easy for teachers to enhance presentation con-

tent by easily integrating a wide range of material into a lesson, such

as a picture from the internet, a graph from a spreadsheet or text

from a Microsoft Word file. Teachers can easily create and rapidly

customize learning objects from a range of existing content to adapt it

to the needs of the class in real time.

On the other hand, learners absorb information more easily

and allow them to participate in group discussions by freeing them

from note-taking. They allow learners to work collaboratively around a

shared task or work area.

When fully integrated into a VLE (virtual learning environment)

and learning object repository, there is potential for widespread shar-

ing of resources. .

DISADVANTAGES

Interactive whiteboards are more expensive than conventional

whiteboards or projector and screen combination. When the surface

is damaged, the cost of replacement is expensive.

Fixed-height boards are often mounted too high for users to

reach the top of or too low to be readily visible by all users. Free-

standing boards are more difficult to secure and need to be realigned

every time they are moved.

Allowing multiple data entry can result in on-screen gibberish.

Remote access can allow users to send disruptive comments on the

screen. IWB’s also require specific software and additional training.

Finally, touch sensitive board is sometimes not sensitive enough.

Source: http://qomo.com

7

APPLICATION

In School, traditional

blackboards can be replaced

with interactive whiteboard.

Teachers can surf and

display websites that the entire

room will be able to see in a

teacher-directed manner.

IWB’s also promote group

work. Students can approach

the whiteboard and add their

contribution to the discussion by

writing directly on the white-

board. Groups can view and

solve interactive problems to-

gether.

Learners can work col-

laboratively on word processing

documents, spreadsheets, design projects with colleagues and connect to video conferencing sys-

tems.

IWB’s allow staff or students or both to move around a screen without the use of a computer

because the screen itself is sensitive. They also offer the same features as a traditional whiteboard

such as writing directly on the board, marking objects, highlighting or labeling elements on the

screen, and erasing errors but with the ability to save or print out the results without any additional

effort. Aside from these, they provide an on-screen keyboard that floats over the software, allowing

you to enter text or data into almost any application.

Students can edit on-screen and record changes or additions.

IWB’s provide an electronic flipchart with all notes and diagrams saved

as an HTML file for later use across an Intranet, allowing an archive to be

easily maintained and displayed.

Learners who missed the presentation or lecture can have access to

notes that are stored.

Lastly, tutors can monitor or see what each student has on their screen

and choose which screen to display on the whiteboard in a networked

environment. They can run on-line tests and opinion polls and display in-

stant feedback to the group.

Source: Interactive whiteboards, http://techtoolsk5.wikispaces.com

8

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of making three

-dimensional solid objects from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved

using additive processes, where laying down successive layers of mate-

rial creates an object. 3D printing is considered distinct from traditional

machining techniques that mostly rely on the removal of material by

methods such as cutting and drilling.

A materials printer using digital technology usually performs 3D printing.

Since the start of the twenty-first century there has been a large growth

in the sales of these machines, and their price has dropped substantially.

3D printing is a rapidly developing technology that allows simple objects

to be perfectly replicated. While still at an early stage, the potential of the

field is truly world changing.

The technology is used in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and con-

struction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic infor-

mation systems, civil engineering, and many other fields.

HOW 3D PRINTING WORKS

The cost of 3D printing technology is finally within the grasp of consumers, and many believe it's

poised to revolutionize commerce. Companies are rushing to get out in front of this new custom mar-

ketplace, offering 3D-printed fashion, furniture and even food.

Although 3D printing has been around since the '80s, it only recently moved out of specialty proto-

typing shops. As the technology becomes more accessible — allowing anybody to design anything

they want — it could revolutionize the way products are made and distributed. But how does this

technology work? What kind of materials does it utilize?

1. A three-dimensional object is modeled by a designer using software such as CAD.

2. The design is then sent to a printer and a printing material is selected.

3. The printer makes passes, releasing a small amount of material in a layer-by-layer process.

4. Once all the layers have been added, the object is fully formed.

ADVANTAGES

3D printing is an innovative rapid prototyping technology that utilizes a 3D printer to manufac-

ture an actual three-dimensional object. It is currently used in various industries because it is known

to increase a company’s profit. However, little is yet known of its advantage in schools.

Both teachers and students need every advantage they can get in order to have a productive

educational experience. 3D printing provides new advantages that may revolutionize education.

Source: http://www.zbrushcentral.com

9

1. Enhanced teaching aide

Visual aides are important in effective and efficient teaching. Traditionally, teachers make use

of words and pictures either to illustrate a point or to provide an example. With a 3D printer, the

teacher has a technologically advanced pedagogical tool at his disposal that is much better than the

conventional visual aide.

2. Innovative student projects

Since 3D printing is a rapid prototyping technology, students will be able to produce realistic

three-dimensional mini-models of their structural designs without having to waste time and effort try-

ing to build those small-scale structures manually. They will also be able to identify the mistakes of

their design, receive feedback from the teacher, and modify their projects at a faster pace.

3. Interactive class activities

Another advantage of 3D printing is that there is more room for interactive class activities. The

interaction is of course limited only to the imagination of the teacher and his students. In a biology

class for example, the teacher through the use of a 3D printer can create a 3D model of a person’s

head while the rest of the class can create the rest of the body parts using a 3D printer.

4. Ease of use

While other forms of modeling and rapid prototyping require specialized knowledge and train-

ing, 3-D printers typically come with user-friendly software.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Size Limitation

3D printers often use liquid polymers, or a powder comprised of resin or plaster to build object

layers rendering 3D printers unable to produce large-sized objects due to lack of material strength.

Large-sized objects are impractical due to the extended amount of time needed the printer to pro-

duce the parts.

2. Imperfections

3D printer-generated objects often possess a rough and ribbed surface finish. Plastic beads

or large-sized powder particles are stacked on top of each other, giving the end product an unfin-

ished look.

3. Cost

3D printers are considered an expensive investment. Entry-level 3D printers average can go

as high as $51,000 for higher end models, not including the cost of accessories and resins or other

operational materials.

10

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING?

A few decades ago, nobody ever thought that

two-dimensional printing using desktop printers, let

alone 3D printing, would be possible. But the impos-

sible eventually became possible, and 3D printers

are becoming part of office networks. It would not be

long before these printers find their way into house-

holds and used by ordinary consumers.

1. Engineering. Engineers always need to cre-

ate prototypes of products or designs they are work-

ing on. In the old days, prototypes can take weeks

and a lot of manpower to create because it involves

a lot of cutting and piecing together materials to cre-

ate the required prototype. Through 3D printing, en-

gineers only need to make a 3D graphic image of the

design they are working on and have it rendered us-

ing a 3D printer.

2. Architecture. Just like with engineers, archi-

tects need to create mockups of their designs. 3D printers allow them to come up with these

mockups in a short period of time and with more accuracy. These 3D models also make it easier to

visualize a design rather than just by looking at plans and drawings.

3. Advertising and marketing. Advertisers and marketers need their clients to have a clearer

idea of the products they are selling. Creating 3D models of their products gives them an edge that

can boost their sales.

4. Education. Learning needs to be more visual in order to

become effective, especially in subjects such as chemistry, en-

gineering, history, physics, general science, among many oth-

ers. 3D printing allows teachers to create more accurate visual

aids that can entice students to learn more about the lesson.

5. Medicine. There are many medical cases where surgi-

cal procedures can be a touch-and-go thing. They can be so

complicated that a single error can lead to failure and loss of

life for the patient. Many surgeons now use 3D renderings of

the part of their patient’s body that they need to operate on to

practice on the procedure they need to perform before actually

performing them. It gives them more confidence and increases

their chances of success in the operation. Source: The Best 3D Printers on the planet, http://

www.businessinsider.com.

Source: Explainer: what is 3D printing and what’s it for?, http://

theconversation.edu.au

11

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that glows when a voltage is applied.

It is a light source which uses semiconductors and electroluminescence to create light. LED Dis-

play is a flat panel which uses light-emitting diodes as a video display. A LED panel is a small dis-

play or a component of large display. It is sometime used as form of lighting for the purpose of gen-

eral illumination, task lighting or even stage lighting rather than display.

Organic Light- Emitting Diode (OLED), a major kind of LED, is a light-emitting diode (LED)

in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in re-

sponse to an electric current.

OLEDs have 2 main families: those based on small molecules and those employing poly-

mers. OLED displays can use either PMOLED (Passive Matrix OLED) display which relates the

way you control the display or AMOLED (Active – Matrix Organic Light

-Emitting Diode) display which requires a thin-film transistor backplane

to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution

and larger display sizes. LED Displays have become more innovative,

smart and revenue-generating investments resulting in flexible AMOLED

Display.

ADVANTAGES

Superior Viewing Angle: Viewing angle could be as large as 170 de-

gree as they produce their own light increasing their viewing angle.

Flexible and Slimmer: Because it uses plastic instead of glass, an

OLED screen is thinner, lighter and more flexible. Average OLED dis-

play is 1.5mm thick

Good for eyes: OLED displays have better contrast, brightness and col-

or aspects resulting to better viewing experience.

Energy efficient: OLED displays consumes less energy compared to other display screens. No

backlight is required in the screens which makes it ideal for portable gadgets.

Source: http://www.univiewled.com/

12

Source: http://softdisplay.blogspot.com

APPLICATION IN EDUCATION

Greater interest in learning: Using Tablet or PC, kids will not only enjoy the interactive games

but also enhance their knowledge.

Better presentation of information: Using projectors

and screens in classrooms facilitate simultaneous

viewing of information by a large number of students. It

also led to improvements in student attendance and

their attentiveness in the class.

Convenience and ease of use: It also operates similar

to computer but is lighter and thinner. Availability of wi-

fi support offers access to various applications such as

online resources that have added the opportunity for

learning. It also helps students organize their studies

and schedule, enables management of information for

homework and research, allows easy communication

with friends, professors and colleagues. Source: http://screens.ru

DISADVANTAGES

High Cost: The current production pro-

cesses make it difficult and costly to pro-

duce large displays so most are limited to

handheld devices.

Short Lifetime: Screens are not for long

uses due to blue organic material.

Prone to Water Damage: Water can

damage the organic materials of the dis-

plays. Water damage may especially limit

the longevity of more flexible displays.

Poor Sunlight Readability: OLED dis-

plays consume less energy compared to

other display screens. Gadget screen are

hard to see in direct sunlight.

13

Source: http://www.freeimages.co.uk

Text to Speech Technology

Speech synthesizers are a type of computer system that is de-

signed for the artificial reproduction of human speech. It contains a com-

bination of hardware-software system that can read text in the natural

language and can translate it to a sound.

How does Speech Synthesis Work?

Speech synthesis starts with the entry or input of text information. It could be data from a

word processor, standard ASCII from e-mail, a mobile text-message, or scanned text from the news-

paper. Next, the character string is then preprocessed and analyzed into phonetic representation.

Finally, an audible speech sound is finally generated with a synthesizer.

In order to reproduce the natural sound of each language, most systems have a database of

sounds in in the chosen language. This is because the Text-to-Speech (TTS) system begins by car-

rying out a sophisticated linguistic analysis that transposes written text into phonetic text.

Software engineers use a number of narrators to record a series of texts read from poetry,

political news, sports results, and others that contain every possible sound in the chosen language.

These recordings are then sliced and organized into an acoustic database. The next step is a

grammatical and syntactic analysis that enables the system to define how to pronounce each word

in same way as a native speaker would. This works by producing information that associates the

phonetic writing with the tone and required length of the pronunciation for each word. The chain of

analysis ends and selecting the best sounds in the acoustic database for reproduction into what is

known as synthesized speech.

14

When did Speech Synthesis start?

This technology has been under devel-

opment for several decades but recent pro-

gress has now made text-to-speech affordable

to a mass audience and available on the Inter-

net as standalone applications or plug-ins from

various web browsers.

Early systems include Kurzweil machines in the

1970s. The Apple MacinTalk in 1984 was the

first TTS integrated into an operating system for

personal computers. In 2000, Microsoft

equipped with its Windows operating system with Speech Application Programming Interface SAPI).

In the Philippines, several text to speech systems have been developed at UP’s Digital Signal

Processing Labs to meet the needs of Tagalog/Filipino speakers but more development is needed to

have products ready for commercial application.

What are the advantages of TTS Technology?

TTS can assist persons who may be vision impaired by reading text. It can also reduce eye-

strain as the user can relax, sit back and listen instead of facing a computer reading text.

TTS can save time as one can listen to lectures or the news while driving, exercising or enjoy-

ing nature. Writers improve by listening to their work and making corrections where necessary.

Lastly, TTS can assist students learning a new and familiar language by expanding their ex-

perience and understanding through listening to any text at any speed even without a native-born

speaker assisting the student.

Source: How to turn your speech into editable text, http://www.k-director.com/

blog/

15

Source: Amazon buys text-to-speech company Ivona Software, http://www.theaustralian.com.au

What are the disadvantages of TTS Technology?

Despite large improvements to create realistic, human-sounding voices, Speech Synthesis

can still sound a little unnatural. There is always a difference in terms of intonation and stress. It still

lacks the complexity of naturally occurring speech, resulting in 'dead' sound having no emotions.

Most art and other interactive learning assets, which include visual learning tools cannot be

read easily by TTS software, this includes tables, graphs, toggle charts, and animation.

What are the applications in Education?

TTS functions as a reading and communication aid for visually impaired and deafened stu-

dents. Synthesized speech can help students communicate with people who cannot understand

sign language. Other applications are in telecommunications and multimedia. TTS can be pro-

grammed for spelling and pronunciation lessons. Dyslexics (reading impaired) students can learn to

read and write even without supervision from a teacher. Recent developments have made TTS be-

come more popular in many developing economies. Hardware and software prices have become

more affordable and Internet connections have become more affordable.

16

The promise of life and learning amidst diseases and disabilities?

These were the words of the patient un-

dergoing stem cell therapy at National Kidney

and Transplant Institute of the Philippines.

Indeed, if there is a chance no matter how

small it is, I reckon any person would grab it

to ensure that he lives to fulfill his purpose

and to learn and relearn things for the benefit

of himself and his others. But what is really

Stem Cell Therapy? Is it a magic drug? A mira-

cle worker? God’s magic wand?

The University of California, San Francisco Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration

Medicine and Stem Cell Research provides a briefing on Stem Cell Therapy:

The human body consists of approximately 200 cell types. Each of these cells has a special

task to perform: A brain cell differs from a liver cell, a muscle cell from a

heart cell, etc. Because of these differences, these cells are sometimes

called "differentiated".

When human embryos begin to develop, their cells are not yet dif-

ferentiated. Scientists now know that all of the body' different cell types

STEM from a master cell with the remarkable potential to generate all the

cell types the body needs.

During the first week of development, when the human embryo is

still a hollow sphere, these master cells emerge. These cells are called

"embryonic stem cells" a term coined by UCSF researcher Gail Martin.

Martin co-discovered the cells in mice in 1981.

Scientists are now able to isolate human embryonic stem cells

Source: Stem Cell Therapy, http://animalrehabctr.com

“When you have a disease that

threatens to take your like, you

will do everything to stop it…”

17

(usually from donated human embryos left over following fertility treatments) and study them in the

laboratory. Their goals:

To find the signals (the right mix of growth factors, for example) that make these master cells

specialize into different cell types.

To craft and transplant exactly the right cells that patients need to stabilize or perhaps even cure

such diseases as diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson, ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease), spinal cord

injury and osteoporosis.

To study the steps of embryonic stem cell differentiation into specialized cells, in order to identify

the genetic missteps that causes diseases such as diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

and some cancers, and that account for some cases of birth defects and infertility.

Additionally, their research says that stem cell research can lead to new insights on diseases

including developmental diseases or disorders. Specifically, their research suggests that if scientists

can identify the genes that lead to the differentiation of a healthy stem cell, they will have an oppor-

tunity to identify genetic defects that sometimes appear instead. Examples include:

Genetic defects that lead to some cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyo-

trophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.

Genetic defects that impair the ability of pancreatic cells to produce insulin in people with diabe-

tes.

Genetic damage to sperm and egg cells that contributes to some cases of infertility and birth de-

fects.

Research into the way neurons evolve and migrate to the brain's cortex is also expected to shed

Source: How safe is stem cell therapy?, http://lifestyle.inquirer.net

18

light on such developmental disorders as schizophrenia, epilepsy, learning disabilities and cere-

bral palsy.

The potential of stem cell therapy especially with what it can give to our race in terms of cur-

ing diseases and researches on how much more we can improve our human condition is almost

boundless. As learned, there are different cells in the human body and stem cell is called stem cell

because it is from it that all differentiated or specific body cells are formed. Needless to say, stem

cell can be classified also between embryonic and adult stem cells.

According to Dr. Samuel Bernal, a world-renowned Filipino-American cancer specialist and

molecular biologist, UCLA Professor Emeritus in Medicine and consultant-adviser to The Medical

City’s Regenerative Program at the TMC’s laboratory, the most effective and safest cells to use for

treatments in humans are human adult cells and human umbilical cord cells. He states that human

adult and umbilical cord stem cells are also morally, ethically and legally acceptable, unlike embry-

onic, aborted fetus, genetically altered, and animal stem cells.

But what is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells? University of California,

San Francisco Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research pro-

vides that:

“Embryonic stem cells emerge in the first five to seven days of the embryo's development.

They have the potential to become every cell of the body. Adult stem cells, on the other hand,

emerge later in the fetus's development, when the individual tissues of the body begin to form. Adult

stem cells serve as a reservoir of continuous replenishment for the tissues in which they reside.”

Source: The International Entrepreneur – Where are the Growing International Tech Markets?, http://www.the-international-entrepreneur.com

19

Curious question to ask is, how long has the Philippines been exposed to stem cell research

and therapy? What are its advantages and disadvantages according to patients, so far who have

undergone the treatment?

Resource provides that it is at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) where the

first stem cell transplant was done in the country. Dr. Dante Dator, the Deputy Executive Director

NKTI says that NKTI has been performing blood and marrow transplantation procedure for years

and it had contributed to the survival of patients who suffer from diseases like Leukemia and Lym-

phomas.

In fact, NKTI pioneered the stem cell transplantation in the Philippines since 1990 and that in

June 29, 2001; the hospital successfully did the first ever Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant.

NKTI is a tertiary medical center under the Department of Health, which specializes on Kidney dis-

eases and organ transplantations.

To date, it is considered a leader in Asia in its field of expertise and was in fact the first hospi-

Source: http://www.powervitaminss.com

20

Who hasn’t seen that iconic moment from Star Wars where Princess Leia appears in a faint

3D projection appealing for help from Obi-wan Kenobi? While it may have been stuff for science fic-

tion 30 years ago, a full-motion 3D image is not far from reality today.

There have been several significant advancements in augmented reality particularly with hol-

ograms like Infinite Z’s zSpace. Before we delve into these new technologies, let’s first try to under-

stand what holograms are.

Description of the technology

The unexpected result of research into improving electron microscopes at England’s British

Thompson-Houston Company, the holographic method was invented and developed by Hungarian-

British physicist Dennis Gabor. Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize for

Physics in 1971 for his work with holographic techniques, which was built

on the pioneering work in the field of X-ray microscopy. Electron holog-

raphy is still being used in electron microscopy for which it was originally

intended however optical holography only made significant progress with

the development of lasers in 1960. (Wikipedia)

The principle behind holography can be likened to a sound record-

ing. A sound field created by vibrating matter like our vocal cords or a

musical instrument and it is encoded in such a way that it can be repro-

duced later even without the presence of the original source. (Wikipedia)

How it works

In its website, Holophile, Inc., a marketing company specializing in

Source: http://zspace.com/

21

holography and other 3-dimensional imagery, holography is a three-dimensional imaging technique

which makes use of laser light to record the patterns of light waves reflected from an object onto the

emulsion of light sensitive film (or glass plates).

“When that film is developed, and re-exposed to laser light (or normal incandescent light like

most holograms today), it re-creates -- in space -- all the points of light that originally came from the

object. The resulting image, either behind or in front of the holographic film, has all the dimensions of

the original object and looks so real that you are tempted to reach out and touch it -- only to find

nothing there but focused light.” (Holophile.com)

To make a hologram: you would need your subject, a recording medium, a laser beam that

has the capability to illuminate the subject (object beam) and illuminate the recording medium

(reference beam) and a suitable environment that would allow the interference pattern to be record-

ed. (Wikipedia)

Holograms are not new and are in fact more common-

place than you think – just look at your credit card. Holograms

are widely used in authentication like bank notes, payment

cards, tax stamps, event merchandise and tickets and IT con-

sumables like Epson’s printers. Another application of holo-

grams is brand enhancement and differentiation like in pack-

aging resulting to improved sales in various sectors where it

was used.

However, what has been elusive is holographic tele-

presence or full-motion 3D holograms generated by a comput-

er rather than being fixed in a static medium. Shown in full-

motion color and, these 3D holograms can change on the fly

with input from a user. More importantly according to Technol-

ogy Review, “viewers who move around a holographic video

image will be able to see it moving from every side - a phe-

nomenon important to realism and one that many conventional

eyeglass-based systems cannot replicate.”

Advantages and Disadvantages

The technology is still in its infancy so there are still improvements that need to be done to

performance and output. The images generated are not yet as seamless and it requires a very pow-

erful computer to be able to process the algorithms that enable the dynamic behavior of holograms.

Aside from these, implementing holographic tele-presence is very expensive because of the devices

needed to make it work. However as with any emerging technology in the past, holographic tele-

presence will become more affordable and commonplace.

This emerging technology provides an option for a more interactive experience and can be a

substitute in the absence of real objects. For example in the area of education, holograms can ena-

ble a more interactive teaching and learning experience regardless of geographic boundaries. With

Source: http://www.javaoracleblog.com/

22

holograms, educators can deliver lectures on-demand to multiple classrooms. Instructors can illus-

trate concepts with the aid of holograms and experts like surgeons, engineers and architects even

perform enhanced demonstrations. In the absence of instructors or tools for instruction, holographic

projections offer a viable alternative.

Application to the Industry Chosen: Education

Zspace, which was mentioned in the earlier part of the discussion, has several collaborations

with the academia that leverages its holographic computing technology that transforms PC’s into a

virtual holographic computing system and platform. One of its applications is in the research being

done by Dr. Remo Roh of USC Dornsife College of Letters and Sciences. “[Roh’s] laboratory studies

the role of structural properties in protein-DNA recognition and its consequences in biological pro-

cesses such as transcription, genome organization, embryonic development, and human cancer.

Visualization of three- dimensional structure is a key aspect of our research, and they are very

grateful for the opportunity to partner with Infinite Z, Inc. on taking 3D visualization of molecules and

their complexes to a next level.” (Zspace.com)

Another use of this technology might be more relatable for most of us that is in the Dynamic

3D Stereo Visualization of Physics Concepts through a Hybrid Stylus Interface. The project aims to

develop a prototype application that lets students explore various physics concepts that are inher-

ently 3D in nature like torque, electromagnetism, etc. Users write down mathematical equations on

the zSpace surface with the stylus and have these equations used to generate 3D visualizations that

students can explore with head tracked 3D stereo and 3D manipulation.

Source: Holographic imaging breakthrough: the next best thing to being there, in 3D, http://www.smartplanet.com

23

Surgeons develop their skills through years of medical education. A part of this educational

training is going through a residency program, four or five-year program instituted by various teach-

ing hospitals is specifically designed to train doctors who are interested to pursue a career in the

surgical field. A surgical residency program is involved in teaching the art and science of surgery –

where the treatment modality involved is manipulating the body through an incision with the use of

an instrument. Ultimately, trainees will be empowered with the skills to perform surgeries on patients.

The art of doing surgery would require the resident-trainee to develop good hand-eye coordi-

nation and fine motor movements. These are learned through years of training, exposure and prac-

tice.

In ophthalmology surgical training, trainees are required to learn

smoother fine movements. Ophthalmologists need to operate on a small-

er field – in fact – operating on the eye is a microscopic field. Manipulat-

ing small, fragile tissue organs like the eye involves learning to control

the microscope, learning how to handle small and fine instruments (while

looking through the microscope) and manipulating tissues of the eye

(again, while looking through the microscope). Hence, there is no direct

eye-hand-tissue-contact during surgery, as opposed in general surgery

where they can operate on the field with their bare eyes and hands di-

rectly. In ophthalmology, looking through a microscope involves: mastery

of good depth perception, smoother fine motor movements, and more

control of dexterity, particularly of the wrists and fingers.

Gesture-based computing is commercially available as a video

gaming system, popularly exemplified by the Nintendo Wii ® ,X-Box Ki-

nect ®, and Playstation3®, with the following components: a computer console (where the software

or the computer program is installed), an infrared/Bluetooth® sensor, controller(s), video monitor,

and various peripherals depending on the game design.

Gesture-based Computing for surgical training

Source: http://www.24horas.cl/

24

How gesture-based computing works

Known as a video game system, the Nintendo Wii®, is a gesture-based computer system. It

has a wireless controller that can sense position and motion. This would enable the user to interact

with the computer through physical movements. The controller called a Wii-mote ® works via its ac-

celerometer, this is responsible for perceiving force of movement and speed, these movements are

relayed to the sensor bar which has an infrared camera and LED lights, this information is triangulat-

ed to determine the position of the remote. In addition, the remote controller has buttons which the

player presses – this would be relayed to the console through Bluetooth ® wireless technology.

(Educase Learning Initiative, 2008). The entire gesture-based computer system works together to

provide a physically interactive gaming experience.

A very popular Wii ® game is the Wii tennis ®, where the gamer would use the Nintendo wii ®

controller as the tennis racket, depending on the swing speed, strength and arc, the movement of

the controller would be transmitted to the game console, ball movement influenced by the gamer

would be shown on the screen. This form of gesture-based computer gaming style was well received

by gamers as it involved physical activity. It helped gamers with their balance, coordination, range of

motion, and fine motor movements.

Advantages and Disadvantages

It was discovered only a few years ago that surgical trainees who played the Nintendo WII®

perform better laparoscopic surgeries. Some reports stated that those surgeons who grew up play-

ing video games or those who played 3 hours per week, or those who were currently playing made

less errors on the laparoscopic simulators. (Bokhari et al., 2010; Meterissian et al., 2007; Rosser et

al., 2007; Goldstein, 2008). This would imply that gesture-based computing video games may help

surgical residents improve their fine-motor skills enabling them to perform better on surgery simula-

tors.

Gesture-based computer learning is highly promising in improving kinesthetic and fine motor

skills. However, this technology does not equate to real life patients and real-life operating room set-

ting where critical thinking is warranted.

In addition, since gesture-based gaming consoles like Nintendo Wii ® are commercially avail-

able and portable, once the medical training materials are developed, students would be able to fur-

ther improve their learning cap even when they are not in the hospital as they can continually play

the game at home.

Currently, there has yet to be a gesture-based gaming program that is specifically designed to

fit into a residency program.

How it works for surgical trainees

There were certain games in the Nintendo Wii ® that enabled fine motor skill movements like

Marble Mania, where the Wii Remote ® is used to manipulate a ball through a maze by tilting and

rotating it to get the ball to the goal. There was a report by Goldstein (2008) done in Arizona, USA

that involved sixteen residents, eight were tasked to play Wii Play®, Marble Mania, while the other

25

eight did not play. After which all sixteen performed simulated laparoscopic surgery. Those that

played Wii Play ® had about 40% improvement on the simulation.

Other anecdotal reports by Bokhara et al. (2008), inspired various surgical training centers to

develop Nintendo Wii ® games, serious games, used for medical training. It is still in its stages of

development. This emerging technology hopes to be employed in the surgical training field in four to

five years or by 2015 (Layard, 2010; 2011 Horizon Report, 2011).

How it can work for ophthalmology surgical training

Gesture-based computing encourages repeated use of dexterity and fine motor movements -

skills also needed in ophthalmology surgical training. A gesture-based computer simulation of look-

ing through a microscope and a controller that can be designed smaller may help ophthalmology

trainees to fine tune their dexterity and fine motor movements.

A good surgical training program would enable to teach its trainees surgical skills and tech-

niques in the most efficient and less time consuming means as possible. With the availability of ges-

ture-based computer system specifically designed for surgical training, resident trainees may be

able to improve their fine motor skills quickly.

What the local trainors in different ophthalmology-training institutions

think of gesture-based computing for surgical-ophthalmology training:

“There are various games available in the Nintendo Wii®, it can help with the surgical-traning,

depends on what game to play. “I think that Nintendo® develops eye and hand coordination and

dexterity. Yes, good for training in some aspects, If Nintendo can develop games which (sic) let you

peep into a microscope to play then definitely this is good for ophtha.”

- Dr. Raul D. Cruz, Chairman, Department of Ophahtlmology and Visual Sciences

UP-PGH, Manila, Philippines

“If the ophthalmology training program uses Nintendo ® “…it has to be games with fine motor

skills or fine movements. Worth a try but difficult to prove because skills develop over many years”

and using the Nintendo ® for training just hone the skills for movement it “does not train for judge-

ment call or decision-making.”

- Robert T. Ang, Director of the Fellowship Traning Program: Cornea and Refractive Surgery

Asian Eye Institute, Rockwell, Makati, Philippines

“Nintendo Wii ® would be helpful for training, “because in surgery, it’s fine movements not

gross motor… maybe in the aspect of reaction time it can be applied…” like in driving, Nintendo Wii

® has a driving wheel attachment, and it can simulate reaction time of real-driving.”

- Dr. Analyn T. Suntay-Guerrero Resident Training Officer, Department of Ophthalmology

Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan

26

According to statistics, over 50% of students in school wear glasses. Eyeglasses impact the

lives of the students in a way where their academic careers depend on the availability and on the

use of these spectacles. It is a very important tool for students throughout their academic career as

they cannot accomplish their school work without the aid of their eye-

glasses.

What are Google Glasses?

Google Glasses (also known as Project Glass) is a research and

development program by Google to develop an augmented reality head-

mounted display (HMD). Google Glasses products would display infor-

mation in smartphone-like format, hands-free and could interact with the

Internet via natural language voice commands.

The operating system software to be used in the glasses will be Google’s

Android. Currently being developed by Google X Lab, Google glasses

has been patented by Google.

The product (Google Glasses Explorer Edition) will be available in United

States Google I/O developers for US$1,500, to be delivered in early 2013

and to consumers in the last quarter of 2013 to early 2014.

How do Google glasses work?

The main purpose of this project is to build a wearable computer that helps you "explore and

share your world". Google's answer to the problem comes in the form of a wearable device. It looks

like a pair of sunglasses with one side (right side) of the frames thicker than the other. This is where

Google put the screen. To look at the screen, you have to glance up with your eyes.

Within the glasses is a microprocessor chip. The chip inside the glasses is an advanced

RISC (reduced-instruction-set computing) machine (ARM)-based microprocessor. The glasses had

a lot of memory that allows the processor to work faster – it has access to the information it needs

when executing operations. It has a touch-sensitive surface along the right side of the frame. The

frames also had a button on the top edge of the right eye for taking photos. The glasses also have a

microphone incorporated into the frame and a speaker.

Glasses Source: Why is it Necessary to Adapt Mobile Development for Google Glasses, http://www.searchenginefather.com

27

Other data-gathering devices within the frame are gyroscopes, an accelerometer and a com-

pass. These components feed information to the processor, which can then interpret the position

and attitude of the glasses at any given time. In addition, the glasses have several data-

communication radios, including WiFi and Bluetooth antennas.

The Google glasses will be connected to the Web via Android, most likely through an Android

smartphone in your pocket. The digital glasses basically work by scanning the surroundings through

a combination of eye movement and voice recognition and display relevant information directly in the

lens. In effect, the glasses work as a wireless smartphone, briskly displaying relevant information di-

rectly in the field of view. Social media notifications would most likely pop up in your vision.

Advantages

Here are five of the features expected to appear on the new Google Glasses device.

Checking In. Any Google mobile device would not be complete without the ability to check into loca-

tions through Google Plus. You simply check in using hand gestures.

Video Calling. The glasses will be capable of handling video calls. The Google Glasses user can

view transmitted video from another caller from a small screen from inside the glasses.

Photo Sharing. Just as with Google smart phones, photo sharing will be an integral feature of the

Google Glasses device. The user simply asks the glasses to take a picture of an image ahead. The

Google Glasses users will be able to take hands-free pictures through using voice-activated com-

mands.

Music Playing. This will likely require that the glasses be connected to a powerful mobile broad-

band network in order to stream the music. But the idea that users will be able to access the Google

Music library from the glasses and stream HD audio files from the cloud is a significant technological

advancement. The cool thing is that all music playing processes are based on voice-activated com-

mands just like on the photo sharing feature.

Calendar/Appointments Feature. The Calendar and Appointments function is perhaps the most

practical element of the new augmented reality device. Users can set the calendar so it always ap-

Source: http://www.channelnewsasia.com

28


Klems Antonio

Ross Klem Antonio is currently the Training and Organizational Development

Manager of SL Development Construction Corporation, a Philippine-based company

holding one of the leading contractor position in the power transmission line industry.

She is also an Instructor at LiveIt Global Services Management Institute, an Ayala

Company. She was previously connected with Stream Global Services Incorporated

where she served as a Training Specialist for Sales and then moved to operations as

a Sales Supervisor for Hewlett Packard Malaysia and Singapore and then, finally as

Team Manager for Microsoft Sales Asia Pacific handling Marketing and Microsoft Dy-

namics.

She is a Civil Service Professional and IELTS certified, a former researcher of

the National Security Council Undersecretary Virtus Gil, MNSA and a delegate in the

2nd ASEAN Regional Forum on Cyberterrorism. She is a graduate of AB Political Sci-

ence at De La Salle University Dasmarinas with continuing education programs

at Ateneo CCE and UP Diliman School of Labour and Industrial Relations.

Sheilla Capuchino

Sheilla Capuchino, 28 years old, is a graduate from the De La Salle – College of St.

Benilde. She is currently a Job Coach at JPMorgan Chase and Co. She’s been with

Chase for 2 years and 6 months.

Before she got promoted to the management team, as an Operations Specialist

from 2010 to early 2012, she was awarded as the “Top Performer” for the year 2011.

As a Job Coach, she provides one-on-one support and motivation to help improve

performance on an individual level to meet established goals. This includes coaching

the staff on various systems, quality reviews and rolling out departmental policies and

procedures.

Being part of JPMorgan Chase she has been actively participating in the com-

About the team

29

pany’s activities as she is one of the Leads in the Performance Committee in their

function.

She previously worked with Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company as a Junior

Supervisor for Documentation in Mortgage Banking.

Jeanie de la Rama

Jeanie de la Rama is currently an SAP Service Delivery Manager for Hewlett

Packard Asia Pacific.

She graduated with a degree in Computer Science from the Ateneo de Manila

University and is currently pursuing her MBA in the Ateneo Graduate School of Busi-

ness. She has certifications as an ITIL Practitioner and in two SAP modules—Supply

Chain Management and Customer Relationship Management.

Recently , Jeanie launched her crafts and handmade business La Petit Cadeau

Allan Goco

Allan Goco is currently connected with Bihasa Brokerage Inc, a family firm in-

volved in the customs brokerage industry.

Prior to that he was previously connected with a leading European invest-

ment bank. His current interests include derivatives in financial markets, clean tech-

nology, social entrepreneurship and the visual communication of quantitative infor-

mation.

He was a scholar of the United World Colleges and graduated from Pearson

College in Canada and continued his studies in the University of London

30

pears in one of the screens on one of the lenses. This allows users to always have access to their

current schedule without having to flip through a smart phone device.

Disadvantages

Not everyone has welcomed the news of Google Glasses with enthusiasm. There are some

who have voiced concerns about the product and its implications. The initial designs of the glasses

may not be as appealing to the masses and seem quite fragile. The retail price is too expensive for

the average consumer.

Several safety concerns have also been raised. Google glasses can potentially be a huge dis-

traction in everyday life - the concept of having information displayed in the field of view invites dan-

ger such as in crossing the road and in driving.

It also raised privacy concerns. The possibility of the glasses being used as a medium to

browse through online profiles opens up serious privacy issues. The potential effect of the screen on

the eyes.

People who already wear corrective glasses are also asking how they would wear the Google

glasses. One way this could be done is by modifying normal glasses or personalizing the Google

glasses for specific prescription glasses.

Source: Google Glasses also Know as Project Glass, http://lopscs.com

31

Applications

In Medicine. The glasses could show incoming notifications or enhance the perception of surgeons.

Software running on the glasses might spot cavities that a dentist might overlook during a routine

cleaning.

In Security / Military. A camera recognizes a possible fight at a particular place, identifies the insti-

gators, and sends the information to the security staff. The military could use Google glasses to help

soldiers see where their friends are and to identify potentially dangerous people with weapons.

In Driving. Instead of using a rear view mirror, Google glasses can show a feed from a camera at

the back of your car. You can also access for the directions or listen to music as these can be over-

laid on your normal vision.

Replacement for Instruction Manuals. Instruction manuals require a tedious back and forth. It

would be much easier if you could just download the instruction file to your glasses and have it run.

This would make troubleshooting home appliances like washing machines far easier.

Museum Tours. The audio recordings that museums currently use to provide cheap tours could be

enhanced with visual components.

For conference / lectures. When you are at a conference, you could just record what you see as

you see it, and later, you can play it back as desired.

For Special Occasions. If you want to treasure the moment like when you look at your daughter/

son the first time. Technology doesn’t get in your way anymore.

For Evidence. When a crime or a robbery takes place or someone grabs your belongings, one can

provide evidence without having to ask for a witness.

Google representatives have already addressed some concerns and they welcome feedback.

It is likely that the consumer version of the glasses will be different from the prototype versions.

Google will find a way to let people dive into a data-rich environment while still protecting their priva-

cy.

A lot of awesome stuff can be done using Google glasses. They just give a dimension to eve-

rything that has been done, and that opens a whole new world of possibilities. The Google glasses

have certainly caused a lot of hype and it remains to be seen how they will be taken aboard by the

public once they are in the market.

Source: What else is Google X cooking up?, http://Washingtonpost.com

32


Denny Kim

Ki Ho Kim “Denny” is presently the Senior Manager of Equipment, Procurement

and Subcon Department of Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction Co.,Ltd. – Manila

Office, a Korean Construction Company operating overseas including the Philippines.

As such, He is the over-all in charge of the procurement activities of Hanjin’s various

projects which covers domestic procurement and importation as well as the manage-

ment of the subcontractors and their corresponding activities.

For thirteen years, he has been working in Hanjin holding various managerial

positions, He has rendered his services with the highest degree of responsibility with a

professional attitude. Before he was assigned in the Philippines, He worked as an As-

sistant Manager of Marketing Planning Team in Hanjin Head Office Korea , as a Team

Manager of the Business & Strategic Planning Division and also as Secretary to the

President.

He is a graduate of B.A Law in In-ha University in Korea and currently pursuing

his MBA- Regis Program in Ateneo De Manila University as he believes that earning a

master’s degree can greatly increase his knowledge and expertise in occupational

field.

Joy Ngo

Mary Joy B. Ngo is currently the Purchasing Manager of State Group of Compa-

nies which engages in financial, real estate and automotive industry. She is currently

taking up her Master Degree in Business Administration- Regis Program at Ateneo de

Manila Graduate School of Business.

She was previously an Associate Auditor of Isla Lipana & Co., a member firm of

PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC) wherein she was exposed to various industries such

as real estate, semiconductor, retail and distribution, music and entertainment, soft-

ware and information technology and aircraft and ship repair industries.

She took up Bachelor of Science in Accountancy at De La Salle University – Ma-

nila and passed the CPA board exam in May 2009.

33

Karen Reyes

Karen B. Reyes is a practicing doctor. She has completed her residency training

in ophthalmology at Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan followed by two sub-

specialty clinical fellowships in Cornea and Refractive Surgery at Asian Eye Institute,

Rockwell, Makati then in Neuro-ophthalmology at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

She is affiliated with various teaching hospitals: Cardinal Santos Medical Center, UP-

PGH, Ospital ng Makati and Rizal Medical Center, where she is actively involved in

the residency training program.

In addition, she is also active in scientific research. Her works have been pub-

lished in various clinical journals both locally and internationally. She is a member of

the Philippine Medical Association, Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology, Philippine

College of Surgeons, Neuro-Ophthalmology Society of the Philippines and the Inter-

national Society of Refractive Surgery. Currently, her main clinic is at Cardinal Santos

Medical Center.

Harry Yang

Harry graduated with a degree in law from Pusan National University in Korea,

where he fell in love with law and music. He became a chief of male vocal ensemble,

Sseolmool, the most famous music group in the University.

After graduation, he has worked in Seonjin Accounting Corp. He has worked as

International Department Chief / Deputy General Manager in the company before his

coming to the Philip-

pines in August, 2011.

He was specialized in

Adjustment of Interna-

tional Taxes Act and

Tax Treaties; Strategy

for establishment and

taxation for foreign

company; and Tax pro-

test.

He is currently

studying at the Ateneo

Graduate School of

Business.

34

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3D Printing

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printing-in-schools

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applications-of-3d-printing

Flexible LED Display

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMOLED

http://www.oled-info.com


35

Text to Speech Technology

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http://naturalreadertutorial.blogspot.com/2011/10/advantages.html

http://callej.org/journal/7-2/Kilickaya.html

http://knowledgebase.pearsonschool.com

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http://phys.org/news149776804.html#jCp

3D Holograms

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Falconer, J. (2012, Dec. 7). LuminAR Bulb transforms any surface into a touch screen. Retrieved from http://www.gizmag.com.

Hockenson, L. (2012, Sep. 26). This holographic tablet makes your desktop 3D. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2012/09/26/

zspace/

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Emspak, J. (2013, Jan. 10). Holograms in the palm of your hand. Retrieved from http://news.discovery.com/tech/.

Pachal, P. (2012, Oct. 10). MIT: Princess Leia hologram ‘Within a year’. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/.

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Andrews, K. (2010, Nov. 9). Scientists unveil moving 3d holograms. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/.

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36

Gesture-based computing

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Computing. Retrieved from http://wp.nmc.org/horizon2011/sections/gesture-based computing/

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37

Google glasses

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Glass

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Source: http://akeynotespeaker.com

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