emerging trends in the trenchless industry...9/15/2017 1 rizwan younis, phd, p.eng. mark knight,...

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9/15/2017 1 Rizwan Younis, PhD, P.Eng. Mark Knight, PhD, P.Eng. Emerging trends in the trenchless industry: what’s in it for me? With respect to our environment, the CCGA chooses not to print session notes. We know many people find session notes to be beneficial, therefore session notes for most sessions are available for download on the website at: http://canadiancga.com/page1720755 or by clicking: https://crowd.cc/2017ccgadps from your device. Outline Opportunities Industry Trends Trenchless Rehabilitation and Replacement Conclusions

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Page 1: Emerging Trends in the Trenchless Industry...9/15/2017 1 Rizwan Younis, PhD, P.Eng. Mark Knight, PhD, P.Eng. Emerging trends in the trenchless industry: what’s in it for me? With

9/15/2017

1

Rizwan Younis, PhD, P.Eng.

Mark Knight, PhD, P.Eng.

Emerging trends in the trenchless industry: what’s in it for me?

With respect to our environment, the CCGA chooses 

not to print session notes. We know many people find 

session notes to be beneficial, therefore session notes 

for most sessions are available for download on the 

website at: http://canadiancga.com/page‐1720755 or 

by clicking: https://crowd.cc/2017ccgadps from your 

device.

Outline

Opportunities

Industry Trends

Trenchless Rehabilitation and 

Replacement

Conclusions

Page 2: Emerging Trends in the Trenchless Industry...9/15/2017 1 Rizwan Younis, PhD, P.Eng. Mark Knight, PhD, P.Eng. Emerging trends in the trenchless industry: what’s in it for me? With

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Opportunities

Aging Infrastructure

and

Urbanization

Cost and Environmental Considerations

Better Information

Education and Training

Acquire

Operate

Inspect & Maintain

Repair

Rehab

Replace

Asset Life Cycle

Aging Water Infrastructure

Drinking‐Water

• Poor and Very Poor

• 12% 

• $25 billion

Wastewater

• Poor and Very Poor

• 13% 

• $26 billion

Storm Water

• Poor and Very Poor

• 7% 

• $10 billionSource: 2016 Canadian Infrastructure Report Card

http://canadianinfrastructure.ca/en/index.html6

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City of TorontoWater Distribution Pipes

Avg. Age: 55 yrs.About 24% over 80 years 

old

Aging Pipelines

AgingPipelines

AgingPipelines

Photo courtesy of Jeff Pagett/ CTV Kitchener

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Source: Jen

nifer Pagliaro, Toronto Sun. 

https://www.thestar.com/new

s/city_hall/2016/09/12/how‐torontos‐latest‐m

ega‐tower‐

got‐the‐green‐light.htm

l

Urbanization

Urbanization – Changing Landscape

Sou

rce:

Pra

pan

Dav

e, C

ity o

f T

oron

to.

Ow

ner’s

Per

spec

tive

-R

ehab

ilita

tion

Pro

ject

s fo

r T

runk

Sew

ers

and

Tra

nsm

issi

on M

ains

Challenging Locations

Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Sou

rce:

Pra

pan

Dav

e, C

ity o

f T

oron

to.

Ow

ner’s

Per

spec

tive

-R

ehab

ilita

tion

Pro

ject

s fo

r T

runk

Sew

ers

and

Tra

nsm

issi

on M

ains

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Growing Underground Infrastructure

Manhattan, N

ew York

Eric Swartley(2016) Ten questions to ask when

 bidding excavation work.

http://excavationsafetyguide.com/guideP

DFs/ESG

_2016_P

age_6_7.pdf

Source: http://www.excavationsafetyguide.com/guidePDFs/2014_ESG_page_35_36.pdf#search="trenchless"

?Need better subsurface investigations to support trenchless design, means 

and methods

?

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Trenchless Rehabilitation and Replacement

“A family of construction techniques for installing or rehabilitating underground 

infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, businesses, and residents. Also includes technologies for inspection, leak location, and leak 

detection with minimal disruption and minimal excavation from the ground surface.”

North American Society of Trenchless Technology (NASTT)

Trenchless Construction Methods

Trenchless Technologies

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Trenchless Rehabilitation Methods

Spray-on Lining

New Installations

Online Replacement

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Online Replacement

Pipe Bursting Pipe Splitting Pipe Slitting

Pipe Bursting

Pipe Bursting

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Online Replacement

Pipe Bursting Pneumatic or Static

Pneumatic

Static

Online Replacement

Pipe Splitting

• Metallic Pipes (Ductile iron, Steel)

• Plastic (PVC, HDPE)

Online Replacement

Pipe Slitting

Expandable Duct Puller           Expander Head      Slitter Head

Source: Andy Braithwaite

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Online ReplacementPipe Slitting

Pipe Slitting

Pipe BurstingLateral Replacement

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Pipe BurstingLateral Replacement

Pipe BurstingUpsizing Consideration

32

0-25%50-125%25-50%

Class A: Routine and generally considered favorable

Class C: Very challenging to

extremely difficult

Class B: Challenging to

moderately difficult

New Installations

NewInstallations

Non-SteeringMethods

SteeringMethods

MolingPipe RammingAuger BoringPipe Jacking

Microtunnelling

Horizontal Directional Drilling

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New InstallationsHorizontal Directional Drilling 

Horizontal Directional Drilling 

Fluid Assisted Mechanical Cutting• Mechanically cut soil/rock• Make slurry with drill fluids that carries

cutting out of bore• Applicable for mini and midi drill rigs used

for utility and municipal projects (less than 100,000 lbs pullback)

Fluid or Jet Cutting• Cut soil/rock with high pressure fluid jets• Common in large river crossings and large

rigs (greater than 200,000 lbs pullback)• Need high pressure to flow cuttings out of

bore

HDD Process Overview

• HDD Process

• Stage 1: Pilot bore

• Stage 2: Pre‐ream 

• Stage 3: Product pipe installation 

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Stage 1: The Pilot Bore

Stage 1: The Pilot Bore

Stage 1: The Pilot Bore

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Drill Bits for Hard Soil

Drill Bits for Cobbles

Rock Bits

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Mud Motors

• Drilling rock 

• Developed from oil industry

• Contains gyro for steering

• Higher cost 

• Indicate of the orientation of the drill head 

• Information is used for steering and directional change• 12 O’Clock – upward• 3 O’Clock – right• 6 O’Clock – downward• 9 O’Clock – left

Clock Reference (Roll)

Sonde & battery

Pitch

• Indicate of the slope or tilt of the drill head

• In percentage (%)

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Walkover System

Tracking Systems

Locate Mode Screen (remote monitor to interpret the drilling data at the drill rig)

Wireline Tracking Systems

Wire to sonde

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Completed Pilot Bore

50

Pilot Bore Exit

Stage 2: Pre‐Ream/Back Ream

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Reamers

Swivels

Placed between reamer and product pipe

• Prevents product pipe rotation

• Want short swivel to prevent soil getting stuck between reamer and product pipe

Stage 3: Pipe Installation

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Back Reamer & Pipe Installation

Back Reamer & Pipe Installation

New InstallationsMicrotunnelling

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Microtunnelling

Source: HERRENKNECHT AG

MicrotunnellingDefinition

• A trenchless method of pipeline installation

• Remote Controlled• Non‐man entry (pipe dia < 1 m)

• Guided / Steerable• Accuracy  25

• Pipe Jacking

• Continuously Supported• Earth and hydrostatic pressures are 

counterbalanced

• Applicable in wide range of underground conditions

MicrotunnellingShafts Sinking

• Drive Shaft• Size/Length (jacking frame+MTmachine or pipe length+thrust

block+entrance ring) 

Thrust WallConcrete Slab

Entrance 

Ring/Start up 

Seal

Lean Concrete 

Block 

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MicrotunnellingImportant Considerations

• Application (pressure or gravity)

• Full site investigation report• Soil characteristics

• Water table

• Surface characteristics

• Other aspects of the project• Tunnel length and route/alignment

• Depth and diameter 

• Pipe type

• Shafts 

• Microtunnelling Equipment• Jacking frame; Tunnelling machine, Slurry system, Lubrication; Interjacks…

Microtunnelling

Feasible in a wide variety of ground conditions

Source: Pipe Jacking Association

MicrotunnellingImportant Considerations

Design of machine,

means and methods

Success of project

Geotechnical

Constraints

Tunnel alignment, gradient Type of machine (shielded, non shielded) Face support (Slurry, Mix, EPB)

Slurry mode: composition of the slurry

EPB: Foam injection capabilites Rock TBM: Rock stabilization

(anchoring etc.) Cutting wheel design (opening ratio etc.) Cutting tools: selection and arrangement Cutting tools: inspection procedure Soil conditioning and soil stabilisation Soil removal (pipes, muck cars, belt

conveyors) Potential of obstacles and removals ….

Adapted from Lang (2015) Microtunneling Process and Equipment, HERRENKNECHT

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Drive Shaft

Reception Shaft

Breakthrough

Microtunnelling Animation

Source: HERRENKNECHT AG

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History

• Invented in the UK in 1971

• First project in Winnipeg in 1978

CURED‐IN‐PLACE PIPE (CIPP)

Components

• Tube

• Thermosetting Resin

• Installation and Curing Process

CIPP Tube

• One or more layers of flexible needled felt, or 

• An equivalent nonwoven or woven material, or 

• a combination of nonwoven and woven materials

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Thermosetting Resins

Polyester

Sewer applications

Vinyl Ester

Industrial or special waste applications

Epoxy 

Pressure applications

Odor sensitive projects

Installation

1. Pulled‐in‐Place

2. Inversion

CIPP INSTALLATION  AND 

CURING PROCESS

Curing

1. Hot water

2. Steam

3. Ultra Violet (for wastewater CIPP)

PULLED IN PLACE

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CIPP Installation Inversion Process

TRENCHLESS 

REHABILITATION 

PROGRAM SAVES 

MONEY

Example – CIPP Sewer Renovation Program in 

Winnipeg

• 1997 – 2012: 145 Km of CIPP

• $130 million savings 

• 433 Km of pipe needs rehabilitation

• $390 million potential future savings

Source: C. Macey, K. Zurek, N. Clinck, A. Delaurier, and R. Sorokowski(2013). More really old CIPP liners from Winnipeg, MB, Canada that have stood the test of time. NASTT 2013 No‐Dig Show. Sacramento, California

OPPORTUNITIES

Education and Training

Lack of Trained Professionals

Lack of Contractors (water sector)

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Trends

Price Escalation

Industry Outlook

Technological Advancements

Utilities Price Trends

Source: Beecher, Institute of Public Utilities, MSU https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9209/5f350ff7ee9b0bfbd08e818ed22dcffe2b25.pdf

Source: Brendan Shapton, University of Waterloo

Inflation: 5.52% per annum

Inflation: 6.41% per annum

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“In order to accommodate escalating construction prices, Toronto Water has 

modified the infrastructure renewal strategy for sewer infrastructure, 

directing efforts towards trenchless rehabilitation rather than replacement of sewer infrastructure.”

Source:

Telecommunication Sector

Source: https://trenchlesstechnology.com/growth‐fiber‐trenchless‐benefits‐people‐become‐connected/prettyPhoto/0/

Source: Sharon M. Bueno, Making the Connection. Horizontal Directional Drilling Guide, http://www.trenchlesstechnology.com/pdfs/2015‐hdd‐sup.pdf

Smaller Footprint

Electric 

Distribution

Power 

Underground

Source: https://trenchlesstechnology.com/growth‐fiber‐trenchless‐benefits‐people‐become‐connected/prettyPhoto/0/

Source: Sharon M. Bueno, Making the Connection. Horizontal Directional Drilling Guide, http://www.trenchlesstechnology.com/pdfs/2015‐hdd‐sup.pdf

Natural Disasters

Old Power Line Replacements

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Energy

Infrastructure

Network of small‐diameter underground 

pipelinesLarge pipeline projects

Geothermal

Installation

Source: http://www.easternairflow.com/geothermal.htmlSource: https://www.vermeer.com/documents/1/374/D20X22FXII_0410.pdf

Water, Sewer, and Stormwater

Rehabilitation and Replacement

New Development

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Trenchless Industry Advancements

• Industry is Evolving• New technologies to improve profits and productivity

• Better understanding of soils and drilling fluids• Same level of work with less horsepower and fuel consumption

• Advancements

• Long‐Distance Drives

• Curved Drives

• Drives in Rock

• Large Diameter Installations

Source: John Grennan and Marc Gelinas (2015).  Microtunnelling Advancements in North America, Tunnelling Association of Canada 

Technological Enhancements/Advancements

• HDD‐Plus or HDD Assist

• Pipe Ramming to assist HDD

• Microtunnelling

• Pipe Bursting (AC Pipes)

• Direct Pipe (HDD and Microtunnelling)

Technological Enhancements/Advancements

Conductor Barrel: Installation of casing pipes for HDD crossings

Pullback Assist (Support for pulling in steel pipes)

Source: TRACTO‐TECHNIK: http://www.tracto‐technik.com/hdd‐assist‐rescue‐45.html

HDD‐Plus or HDD Assist

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Technological Enhancements/Advancements

Drill Rod Recovery: Loosening of jammed HDD drill rods

Bore Salvage: Rescuing / Removing jammed product pipes

Source: TRACTO‐TECHNIK: http://www.tracto‐technik.com/hdd‐assist‐rescue‐45.html

HDD‐Plus or HDD Assist

Direct Pipe ®

Technology

Source: Gerhard Lang (2015). Microtunnelling Process and Equipment. 

Technological Enhancements/Advancements

Technological Enhancements/AdvancementsDirect Pipe ® Technology

Source: Gerhard Lang (2015). Microtunnelling Process and Equipment. 

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Technological Enhancements/AdvancementsDirect Pipe ® Technology

• No exit shaft required

• Pipe installed from one side

• Economical and fast

Source: Gerhard Lang (2015). Microtunnelling Process and Equipment. 

PIPE CLEANINGTOMAHAWK SYSTEM

WATERMAIN RENOVATION

Tomahawk System(Envirologics, CATT, uWaterloo, Federal and Provincial Govts Collaborative R&D)

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Non‐Structural (Class I Lining)

FLOW RATE INCREASED BY 20%

PRESSURE DROP 

DECREASED BY OVER 50%

WATERMAIN RENOVATION

Trenchless Industry Have Come a Long Way!Excerpts from NCHRP 242 Report (Year: 

1997)

• Trend in the increased use of trenchless technologies

• No Department of Transportation (DOT) specification address all the techniques

• Almost all respondents have no or very little training in the application of trenchless techniques

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Conclusions

Growing Industry

• Urbanization

• Aging Infrastructure 

• Environmental Concerns

Growing Acceptance

• Project Owners and 

Municipalities

• Monetary Savings 

Conclusions

Evolving Industry

New Technologies to 

Improve Profits and 

Productivity

Opportunities

• Open Cut vs. Trenchless

• Education & Training

• Improved Subsurface 

Investigation and 

Engineering Analysis 

Contact InformationRizwan Younis, PhD, P.Eng.

Centre for Advancement of Trenchless Technology

University of Waterloo

200 University Ave. W.

Waterloo ON N2L 3G1

Tel: (519) 888‐4567 ext. 36189

Email: [email protected]

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