emily k. asencio – university of akron tia e. kim – penn state brandywine kirk r. williams –...
TRANSCRIPT
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Emily K. Asencio – University of AkronTia E. Kim – Penn State Brandywine
Kirk R. Williams – University of California, Riverside
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Studies demonstrate a clear connection between social bonds and refraining from delinquency and crime (Laub and Sampson 1993; Laub and Sampson 2003)
Additional work, though minimal, demonstrates a connection between an individual’s cognitive and emotional characteristics (Giordano, Cernkovich, and Rudolph 2002; Giordano, Schroeder, and Cernkovich 2007)
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Recent studies demonstrate that a combination of bonds and individual characteristics known as “core competencies” provides a more comprehensive explanation for problem behavioral outcomes. (Guerra and Bradshaw 2008; Kim, Guerra, and Williams 2008).
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Do competency indicators predict… persistence of violent behavior into
adulthood? starting violent behavior in adulthood?
Are there gender differences in these relations?
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11,610 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)
Add Health Data set is nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12, conducted in mid-1990s
Current study used data from three waves Wave I – 1995 Wave II - 1996 Wave III – 2001-2002
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Competency Indicators Self-esteem: 6-item scale (e.g. “you like
yourself the way you are”) Positive affect: 10-item scale (e.g. “bothered
by things that usually don’t bother you”) Self control: 3-item scale (e.g. “you had
trouble keeping your mind on what you were doing”)
Decision making: 5-item scale (e.g. “when making decisions, you generally use a systematic method for judging and comparing alternatives”)
Social connectedness: 5-item scale (e.g. “you feel close to people at your school”)
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Outcome Violence during the life course (Violent
behavior at Waves I, II, or III)
Desistance from violence during adult transition (Violent behavior at Waves I and/or II, but not Wave III)
Late starters (Violent behavior at Wave III only)
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Life Course Violence vs. Desisters
No Violence vs. Latestarter
Gender -1.05 1.51
Age -.12
Ethnicity
Self-Esteem -.06 .04
Positive Affect .04 - .06
Self Control
Decision Making .03 -.04
Social Connectedness .03 -.03
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FEMALES MALES
Life Course Violence vs.
Desisters
No Violence vs.
Latestarter
Life Course Violence vs.
Desisters
No Violence vs.
Latestarter
Age -.08 -.12 -.11 -.11
Ethnicity -.14
Self-Esteem -.05 .04 -.07 .06
Positive Affect
-.05 .06 -.07
Self Control
Decision Making
-.05 -.04
Social Connectedness
.05 -.03 -.02
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The same competencies are predictors of different offending status outcomes.
Self esteem is the only competency that is a consistent predictor across all offending patterns and gender.
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Studies focused on predictors of violence should consider different offending patterns
Prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing violent behaviors should focus on positive development of the core competencies.