Emma Joynson-Hicks

The case for doing something about women in coffeeFebruary 2013

Life is hard work for a woman coffee farmer in Africa

“We as women face a challenge of not having the right to property ownership

and being over-worked with no rest and reward. We also suffer from

domestic violence and no access to equal opportunities.”

Jennifer Wettaka

Surface area of each country (land + water)

Source: World Bank Total surface area is nearly 3m km2

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda UK -

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

27,830

1,104,300

580,370

26,340

947,300

241,550 243,610

Km2

1. Uganda is almost exactly the same size as the UK

2. Tanzania is 4 times the size of Uganda

3. Uganda is 9 times the size of Rwanda

4. Kenya is more than double the size of Uganda

5. Ethiopia is 40 times the size of Burundi

East Africa population: current and 2050 projection

source UNPOP

Current total population is 226.5m people2050 projected total for the 6 countries is

491m people

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda -

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

8.5

84.7

41.6

11.0

46.2 34.5

20

185

85

22

8594

2011 2050 estimate

mill

ion

peop

le

East Africa population density now and estimate for 2050.

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

326

83 71

431

51

167

779

185 149

892

96

470

Current 2050 estimate

No

peop

le p

er k

m2

Source: World Bank & UNPOP

WHY THIS MATTERS1. People need houses

and food before they need to grow coffee

2. However, as plot sizes become smaller, the need for innovation increases. For instance, Uganda pioneered successful intercropping of coffee and bananas – food and cash crops. Is it still illegal to intercrop coffee in Rwanda and Burundi? IITA are doing great work in this area around the region.

Youth

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

38%41% 42% 43% 45%

48%

Source: World Bank

Children aged 0-14 as a percentage of total

population

Why is this important?If they don’t want to farm

coffee, who will do it in 20, 40, 60 years?

If we want East African coffee in the future, we need to work with these young

people NOW

Gross Domestic Product (current)

Source: World Bank

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-

$5.0

$10.0

$15.0

$20.0

$25.0

$30.0

$35.0

$40.0

$2.3

$31.7 $33.6

$6.4

$23.7

$16.8

US$

billi

ons

GDP per capita (current US$)

Source: World Bank

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$271

$374

$808

$583 $529

$487

Why does GDP matter to Janet?

Average inflation, consumer prices

(annual %)

Source: World Bank

WHY THIS MATTERS1. Coffee farmers

often require credit to smooth out their cashflow.

2. However, at inflation rates like these, plus the large premium that farmers have to pay because they are considered high risk, borrowing rates become extortionate.Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

10%

33%

14%

6%

13%

19%

Esther is the secretary of her women’s coffee farmer group in Arua, Northern Uganda

Literacy rate in adults

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

61%

18%

84%

67% 67% 65%

73%

42%

91%

75%79%

83%

Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above)Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)

Source: World Bank WHAT THIS CHART DOES NOT SHOW1. The difference between rural and urban people2. It shows general literacy but not financial literacy

Zaina started a school

Percentage of adults aged 15+ living with HIV/AIDS who are women

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Tanzania Uganda 50.0

52.0

54.0

56.0

58.0

60.0

62.0

64.0

66.0

62.3 63.9

57.1 58.5

55.8

Perc

enta

ge

Source: UNAIDS

PLEASE BEAR IN MIND1. As soon as 67% has been hit, then two thirds of the adults aged 15 or over living

with HIV/AIDS are women. 2. The importance of this is that that is two women for every man.3. Why are more women living with HIV/AIDS than men?

Number of coffee farming households in East Africa in

2011/12. Total number 4.4m

600,000

1,200,000

700,000

400,000

400,000

1,115,000

BurundiEthiopiaKenyaRwandaTanzaniaUganda

Sources: National coffee authorities, bureaux of statistics

Number of women in coffee (millions)

1.4

2.9

1.6

0.9

1

2.7

Burundi Ethiopia

Kenya Rwanda

Tanzania Uganda

Sources: Calculated

Mary Musoba

Total: 10.5m

How we calculate the number of women in

coffee

Sources of information1. National coffee authorities and bureaux of statistics2. National bureaux of statistics3. Calculation4. National bureaux of statistics5. Calculation

Betty

Total number of women in coffee in East Africa is

10.5m

A worker should be compensated for his or her work

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$60

$267

$140

$64

$158

$252

$42

$187

$98

$45

$111

$176

Average amount earned by each coffee farming household per annumValue of work done by women in each HH

US D

olla

rs

Sources: Calculated

How we calculated the “salary” slide

NB: Ethiopia value figures include exports only. About half Ethiopia’s coffee is consumed domestically and these figures are not includes here.

Average annual export value of coffee in the last 3 years

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$50

$534

$178

$56

$107

$370

US$

mill

ion

Source: FAOSTAT

Average percentage of the FOT/B price that goes to

farmers

Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

72

6055

46

59

76

Perc

enta

ge

Sources: Technoserve, various exporters

So, what does all this mean?

As a woman...

1. You are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, be the recipient of domestic violence, be subjected to FGM

2. You are more likely to be illiterate and poorly educated3. It is probable that you do not own land, or have any

say over what is planted or grown on the family land4. It is highly unlikely that you have a bank account, and

you are less likely to have a mobile phone, radio or email address

5. You probably possess little or nothing of your own6. It is possible that you will turned out of your home

and land if you are widowed

As a woman coffee farmer...

1. You are likely to be the main farm labourer in your household (along with any other women living there)

2. You are unlikely to receive extension advice, unless an extension worker comes to your house, or you pay

3. You are unlikely to receive any credit facilities to buy inputs because you have no assets

4. You cannot sell your coffee because you don’t know how or where to access market information

5. You may not be allowed to leave the house without returning with a “gift” of a kilo of sugar or rice, so attending a women’s coffee farmer group is a challenge

So, who is doing what?

Who is doing what?

WOMEN & YOUTH

PRIVATE SECTOR

STANDARDS

PUBLIC SECTOR

NGO SECTOR

E.g. HIVOS – the business case for women in coffee

E.g. IWCA – chapters in Latin America & Africa

Lots of people and organisations are doing lots of things...

We need an international HUB to

a) To collect data, information and researchb) To disseminate it; make data and information

easily availablec) To communicate best practice, research, and

informationd) To fundraise for research and projectse) And more...

So, my proposal

• The AFCA Secretariat establishes a Women and Youth department

• Network around member countries to find out who is doing what, and what is working

• Fundraise• Collect research, data and information, disseminate it etc

• Or, we could of course do nothing, but lets no do that, lets DO something

In time for her