emma thomas and jayme crockett march 16, 2020
TRANSCRIPT
The Respiratory System Emma Thomas and Jayme Crockett
Biology 1010
Instructor: Connie Perkins
March 16, 2020
Brief Overview ● Respiratory tract ● How it works● How it works in
pregnancy ● Common problems
RespirationThe process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells. Carbon Dioxide is then transported to the outside in a reverse pathway
Image copyrighted from Tribe Birth Photography & Film
4 Phases of Respiration
Phases of Respiration. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Respiratory_System.html
● Pulmonary ventilation● External gas exchange● Gas transport in the
blood● Internal gas exchange
Contents of the Respiratory tractUpper tract
● Paranasal Sinuses ● Nasal Cavity ● Soft Palate & Hard Palate ● Nostril ● Oral Cavity ● Tongue● Trachea● Pharynx ● Larynx● Vocal Cords
Lower tract
● Right main stem bronchus● Trachea● Left main stem bronchus● Bronchi● Bronchioles● Left Lobes● Pleura ● Pleural Fluid ● Diaphragm ● Alveoli
Upper Respiratory Tract● Paranasal Sinuses ● Nasal Cavity ● Soft Palate & Hard Palate ● Nostril ● Oral Cavity ● Tongue● Trachea● Pharynx ● Larynx● Vocal Cords
Upper Respiratory Tract: Anatomy, Functions, Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/category/upper-respiratory-tract/
Nasal Cavities
● 2 nasal cavities that are separated by the septum
● Septum made up of cartilage and bone● Each nasal cavity has 4 sections:
○ Roof○ Floor○ Medial wall○ Lateral wall
● Each nasal cavity has 3 regions:○ Nasal vestibule○ Respiratory region○ Olfactory region
● The nasal cavity is also surrounded by sinuses
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MBBS IMS MSU Follow. (2010, June 16). Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/ananthatiger/anatomy-of-nose-and-paranasal-sinus
3 Regions of the Nasal CavityNasal Vestibule
● Known as nostrils or “Nares”● First half is covered with tiny hairs called
“vibrissae” that filter dust and other particles
Respiratory Region
● Warms air as it comes through the nostrils● Air gets up to 100% humidity● Particles that get past the vestibule get
trapped in the mucosa of this region
Olfactory Region
● Section of nasal cavity responsible for smell Nasal cavity. (2019, December 26). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_cavity
https://youtu.be/dtk3h0dG6FM?t=40
Paranasal Sinus● Small cavities in the skull bones
near the nose● Air circulates in these sinuses to
get warm and moist● Amplify the sound of your voice● Very susceptible to infection
(Don’t pick your nose!)● 4 different ones
○ Sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal & maxillary
Paranasal Sinus: Definition, Location, Anatomy, Function, Picture. (2018, March 19). Retrieved from https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/paranasal-sinuses/
Pharynx● Also known as the throat● Carries food to the digestive
tract and air into the respiratory tract
● Has 3 sections○ Nasopharynx○ Oropharynx○ laryngopharynx
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/pharynx-anatomy-definition-quiz.html
Larynx: also known as the voice box● Epiglottis
○ keeps food out of respiratory tract● Thyroid Cartilage
○ Known as the “Adam’s Apple”● Vocal Folds
○ Longer & thicker folds make a lower range of pitch
● Vestibular Folds “false vocal cords”○ Muscles in the larynx bring these
folds together to close off glottisLarynx & Trachea. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html
Lower Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract● Right main stem bronchus● Trachea● Left main stem bronchus● Bronchi● Bronchioles● Left Lobes● Pleura ● Pleural Fluid ● Diaphragm ● Alveoli
Right Lung and Left Lung
Right
● Three lobes
MIDDLE SPACE
● Heart, the great blood vessels, and other organs of the mediastinum
Left
● Two lobes● Indentation for the heart
Lung Function When you breathe, the air:
Enters the body through the nose or the mouthTravels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe), Goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi, One main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung, In the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, Then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles, Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Bronchi lead into the lungs, Cartilage rings stabilize the bronchi and keep them open to permit air passage. The right bronchus is considerably larger in diameter than is the left and extends downward in a more vertical direction.
The smallest of the Bronchi are called bronchioles. The structure of the tissue changes as the tubes get smaller. The amount of cartilage decreases until it is totally absent in the bronchioles: what remains is mostly smooth muscle, which is under the control of the nervous system.
AlveoliThere are three overall processes involved in you breathing:
● moving air in and out of your lungs (ventilation)
● oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange (diffusion)
● pumping blood through your lungs (perfusion)
Gas exchange
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJpur6XUiq4
Pleura and Pleural fluid
Pleura● Surrounds outer layer of the
lungs ● Acts as friction inhibitor
● Aids optimal functioning of the lungs during breathing
Pleural Space
● lubricates the membranes
● surface slides easily on each
● strongly resist to separation
The Diaphragm The lungs are separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular partition known as the diaphragm. https://thumbs.gfycat.com/EnviousLimitedHorseshoecrab-size_restricted.gif
The Respiratory System In Pregnancy
Respiratory System in PregnancyUpper tract
Pregnant women may experience a stuffy nose and congestion due to a higher amount of estrogen in the body
Lower tract
Pregnant woman may experience shortness of breath due to less space in the the abdomen and the diaphragm protruding into the thoracic cavity taking up room.
NRP, fetal respirationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIfCa0OUbPA
Pulmonary Embolism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyNTlx5eWtk
Common Infections
Infections ● Upper Respiratory Infections: Common Cold, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis,
Epiglottitis and Laryngotracheitis. Etiology: Most upper respiratory infections are of viral etiology. ...
● Lower Respiratory Infections: Croup, Influenza, and Pneumonia.● Asthma
The End
References Photos
Upper tract-https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Upper-Respiratory-Tract.jpg
Lungs-https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amel_Hashim/publication/275713409/figure/fig1/AS:613904052932634@1523377540454/The-human-lungs-wwwutmemedu-mlrp-images-illustrated-lunggif.png
Pleura-https://www.knowyourbody.net/visceral-pleura.html
Lungs during pregnancy-https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=the-lungs-in-pregnancy-90-P02468
Alveoli-https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/882/flashcards/1170882/png/alveoli1330919671590.png
Air diffusion-https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/4939b3f7-2198-4bb1-9312-8e8ba510332b/39eba084e6cb450e09991b61799d9c80.png
Bronchi and bronchioles-https://pediaa.com/difference-between-bronchi-and-bronchioles/
Lung-https://newsroom.uw.edu/sites/default/files/styles/feature/public/lung_image_2.jpg?itok=Hyu2iBcf&c=2a01d64ee96ddad7e43caa583693bea
GIF respiration-https://thumbs.gfycat.com/EnviousLimitedHorseshoecrab-size_restricted.gif
References Lungs during pregnancy-https://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/Physiology%20of%20Pregnancy/item/103
Pleura-https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/zm2208
Lung function-https://www.communiclearglobal.com/blog/2012/10/26/clear-speaking-awareness-part-2-speaking-from-the-diaphragm-2/
Right left lunghttps://www.megapixl.com/illustration-of-the-lungs-trachea-bronchi-and-heart-illustration-69588826
References - upper respiratory tract References for Respiration and upper respiratory tract
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/pharynx-anatomy-definition-quiz.html
Hull, K. L., Memmler, R. L., & Cohen, B. J. (2015). Memmlers The human body in health and disease, 13th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health.
Larynx & Trachea. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html
MBBS IMS MSU Follow. (2010, June 16). Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/ananthatiger/anatomy-of-nose-and-paranasal-sinus
Nasal cavity. (2019, December 26). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_cavity
Paranasal Sinus: Definition, Location, Anatomy, Function, Picture. (2018, March 19). Retrieved from https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/paranasal-sinuses/
Phases of Respiration. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Respiratory_System.html
Sobiesk, J. L. (2019, June 26). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nasal Cavity. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544232/
Upper Respiratory Tract: Anatomy, Functions, Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/category/upper-respiratory-tract/