emma's powerpoint

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Parent adopted bedtime strategies and corresponding infant behaviour Emma Brookes

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Health & Medicine


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Page 1: Emma's powerpoint

Parent adopted bedtime strategies and

corresponding infant behaviour

Emma Brookes

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My Motivation....

...Lack of sleep!

Dylan now 10

Gus now 2

Connor now 14

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Introduction…

• Sleep is essential for basic human survival (Dahl, 1999).

• In Utero breath like actions are practiced during periods of sleep (Mirmiran, Maas, and Ariagno, 2003).

• 25%-33% of children between 3 months and 5 years suffer with some form of dyssomnia (Petit, Touchette, Tremblay,

Boivin, & Montplaisir, 2007).

• By age 2 children will have slept for approximately 10,000 hours (Hill, Hogan, and Karmiloff-Smith, 2007).

Gus

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Previous research…

• Links evident between sleep fragmentation and reduction in memory, attention and mood in addition to an increase in hyperactive/problematic behaviours and mood disturbance (Kheirandish and Gozal, 2006).

• Significant correlations between sleep dyssomnia and neurobehavioural functioning (Sadeh, Gruber and Raviv, 2002) .

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• Majority of research centred around adults and adolescents.

• Sleep based research on young children has predominantly focused on the dangers of co-sleeping.

• Research made available to expectant parents is generally on the benefits of breastfeeding.

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Testimonials… My name is Tina and I have worked as a health visitor in Kent for 10 yrs. I have never received any formal training on sleep hygiene despite it being within our job description to advise parents on the benefits of healthy sleep in their children. There was a sleep clinic where we refer parents if they had concerns but due to cuts it is no longer available.

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My name is Katie and I have been working as a health visitor in Glasgow for 4 yrs. I am the first port of call for parents if they have issues regarding their child’s sleep, in this particular area we have what is known as the Triple P programme, we use this to educate parents about sleeping patterns and bedtime routines.

Katie wanted to remain anonymous

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Research aim…

Parent adopted bedtime

strategies

Fragmented sleep

Negative sleeping and

waking behaviours

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Hypotheses…

i. There will be evidence of a positive association between the strategy adopted by parents to aid sleep and dyssomnia in infants.

ii. Insufficient, poor quality sleep will be linked to negative sleeping and waking behaviours in infants.

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Method….

Participants n = 40, 19 males & 21 females, aged between 1 month and 48 months.

3 Sampling approaches; Snowball, convenience and diversity

Participants parents completed 3 questionnaires, the parental interactive bedtime behaviour scale (PIBBS), a nap behaviour measure, and a child behaviour checklist (CBCL).

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Results – Support for hypothesis 1…

• Sleep strategies effect how many times a child wakes in the night p<.05.

• Children who co-sleep on average wake more times during the night.

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• Infants who co-slept exhibited higher scores for negative waking behaviours.

• The infants whose autonomy was encourage scored better for waking behaviours.

• The remaining strategies scored similar.

Results – Support for hypothesis 1 cont…

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Results – Support for hypothesis 2…

• The more often a child woke during the night was significant with high scores of negative waking behaviours, p<.001.

• Children who did not wake scored very low on the negative waking behaviours scale.

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• Infants who had the least amount of night time sleep scored highest for negative waking behaviours, p<.05.

• Children who slept for more than 720 minutes scored better on the waking behaviours scale.

Results – Support for hypothesis 2 cont…

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Discussion…

• Unique population.

• Scales accurate and reliable.

• Hypotheses fully supported.

• Particular bedtime strategies resulted in broken sleep.

• Frequent night time wakening resulted in reports of increased negative sleeping and waking behaviours.

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Future direction…

• Combined results show it would be beneficial to inform parents on the importance of healthy sleep in their infants along with the encouragement of autonomy.

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Any Questions?

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References

Dahl, R. E. (1999). The Consequences of Insufficient Sleep for Adolescents: Links between

Sleep and Emotional Regulation. Phi Delta Kappan , 80 (5), 354-359.

Hill, C. M., Hogan, A. M., Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2007). To sleep, perchance to enrich learning.

Archives of Disease in Childhood , 92 (7), 637-643.

Kheirandish, L., Gozal, D. (2006). Neurocognitive dysfunction in children with sleep

disorders. Developmental Science , 9 (4), 388-399.

Mirmiran, M., Maas, Y. G. H., Ariagno, R. L. (2003). Development of fetal and neonatal sleep and

circadian rhythms. Sleep Medicine Reviews , 7 (4), 321-334.

Pappas, S. (2011, August 29). Kids' Sleep Disorders Perplex Most Doctors, Study Finds.

Retrieved November 30, 2012, from Live Science: http://www.livescience.com/15790-

kids-sleep-disorders-perplex-doctors-study-finds.html

Petit, D., Touchette, E., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., Montplaisir, J. (2007). Dyssomnias and

Parasomnias in Early Childhood. Official Journal of the American Academy of

Pediatrics , 119 (5), 1016-1025.

Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., Raviv, A. (2002). Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior

problems in school-age children. Child Development , 73 (2), 405-417.