EmotionEmotion

Michael Hoerger

EmotionEmotion

Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s Affect (af-ekt): the psychologist’s word for emotion, especially word for emotion, especially outwardly expressed emotionoutwardly expressed emotion

Preference for particular affects Preference for particular affects varies across people and situationsvaries across people and situations

Experts disagree on basic categoriesExperts disagree on basic categories

Positive and Neutral AffectsPositive and Neutral Affects

+ Interest+ Interest

+ Enjoyment+ Enjoyment

SurpriseSurprise

Negative AffectNegative Affect- SadnessSadness

- FearFear

- AngerAnger

- Shame Shame

- DisgustDisgust

ShameShame Shame: Feeling of one’s Shame: Feeling of one’s selfself as bad as bad

Commonly misunderstoodCommonly misunderstood Embarrassment: Shame in the Embarrassment: Shame in the

presence of otherspresence of others Guilt: Feeling that one’s Guilt: Feeling that one’s actionsactions are are

badbad

Most important negative affect?Most important negative affect?

When do we experience When do we experience shame?shame?

Shame ClipsShame Clips

WaitingWaiting

WeathermanWeatherman

Billy MadisonBilly Madison

Tommy BoyTommy Boy

SeinfeldSeinfeld

Who Wants To Be A MillionaireWho Wants To Be A Millionaire

National AnthemNational Anthem

Universal Shame ActivatorsUniversal Shame Activators Looking in the mirrorLooking in the mirror Making mistakesMaking mistakes StrangersStrangers Others’ shameOthers’ shame SuccessSuccess Parents/authorityParents/authority After becoming angryAfter becoming angry Feeling needy/insecureFeeling needy/insecure

Shame-bindsShame-binds

Due to behaviorist principles, we Due to behaviorist principles, we learn to associate emotions with learn to associate emotions with various stimulivarious stimuli

For example, shame can become For example, shame can become associated with other emotions, associated with other emotions, drives, or interpersonal needsdrives, or interpersonal needs

Affect-shame BindsAffect-shame Binds

Some people experience shame any Some people experience shame any time expressing certain (or all) affectstime expressing certain (or all) affects

Anger-shame bind: Anger-shame bind: “You don’t raise your voice at me”“You don’t raise your voice at me”

Sadness-shame bind: Sadness-shame bind: “We don’t cry in this family”“We don’t cry in this family”

Enjoyment-shame bind: Enjoyment-shame bind: “Wipe that smile off your face”“Wipe that smile off your face”

Drive-Shame BindsDrive-Shame Binds

Shame can become attached to basic Shame can become attached to basic drives, such as hunger, sex, etc.drives, such as hunger, sex, etc.

Shame associated with:Shame associated with: Sex, sexuality, sex before Sex, sexuality, sex before

marriage, masturbation, marriage, masturbation, eating, drinking, urinatingeating, drinking, urinating

Need-shame BindsNeed-shame Binds Shame can also be bound to Shame can also be bound to

interpersonal needs:interpersonal needs: RelationshipsRelationships Touching/holdingTouching/holding IdentificationIdentification DifferentiationDifferentiation Being nurturedBeing nurtured AffirmationAffirmation PowerPower

Self-esteemSelf-esteem Low self-esteem: Shame bound to Low self-esteem: Shame bound to

the key aspects of one’s identitythe key aspects of one’s identity

Shame bound to:Shame bound to: Personality traits, physical appearance, Personality traits, physical appearance,

gender, race/ethnicity, religion, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, sexuality, occupation, income, past sexuality, occupation, income, past mistakes, activitiesmistakes, activities

Erikson & ShameErikson & Shame Trust vs. MistrustTrust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. ShameAutonomy vs. Shame Initiative vs. GuiltInitiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. InferiorityIndustry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role ConfusionIdentity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. IsolationIntimacy vs. Isolation Generation vs. StagnationGeneration vs. Stagnation Ego Integrity vs. DespairEgo Integrity vs. Despair

ToolsTools Collecting Happiness: 5 things that Collecting Happiness: 5 things that

made you smile or feel happymade you smile or feel happy Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that Collecting Adequacy/Pride: 5 things that

you accomplished or made you feel you accomplished or made you feel proudproud

““Dynamics of Power: Fighting Shame and Dynamics of Power: Fighting Shame and

Building Self-Esteem” (1991) by Gershen Building Self-Esteem” (1991) by Gershen

Kaufman, $5 used on Kaufman, $5 used on Amazon.comAmazon.com

Michael HoergerMichael Hoerger

To cite this lecture:To cite this lecture: Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31). Hoerger, M. (2007, January 31).

Emotion and Developmental Emotion and Developmental PsychologyPsychology. Presented at a PSY 220 . Presented at a PSY 220 lecture at Central Michigan lecture at Central Michigan University.University.