EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI)Presented by Derrick Lottes

OVERVIEW

• What is EI?• History• EI Models and Measurement• Criticisms• Applications in Industry• Conclusion

What is EI?

• A self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups

History

• Charles Darwin (1870s)• Emotional expression for survival

• E.L. Thorndike (1920)• Social intelligence

• David Wechsler (1940)• Influence of non-intellectual factors on intelligent

behavior

History

• Howard Gardner (1983)• Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

• Interpersonal Intelligence• Intrapersonal Intelligence

• Wayne Payne (1985)• A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence

Models

• Ability-Based Model

• Mixed Models

• Trait EI Model

Ability-Based Model

• Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer• “the ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to

facilitate thought, understand emotions, and to regulate emotions to promote personal growth”

• The Ability-Based Model:• Views emotions as useful sources of information • Proposes that individuals vary in their ability

Ability-Based Model

• According to this model, EI includes four types of abilities:• Perceiving emotions • Using emotions • Understanding emotions • Managing emotions

Measurement

• Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)

• Based on a series of emotion-based problem-solving items• Measures individual’s abilities on each of the four types• Generates scores for:

• each of the four abilities • a total score

• One study purported:• EI different from cognitive intelligence• No distinction between measure and latent trait EI• No evidence that measure provides incremental predictive

validity

Mixed Models

• Goleman’s model• Focuses on EI as a wide array of competencies and skills that drive leadership performance

• Goleman's model outlines four main EI constructs:• Self-awareness• Self-management• Social awareness• Relationship management

MeasurementTwo measurement tools are based on the Goleman model:

• The Emotional Competency Inventory • Emotional and Social Competency Inventory

• The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal• Self-report• 360 degree assessment

Mixed Model

• Bar-On Model of Emotional-Social Intelligence• Concerned with effectively:

• understanding oneself and others• relating well to people• adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings

• Emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence contributes equally to a person's general intelligence• offers an indication of one's potential to succeed in life.

Measurement

Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory • Self-report • Consists of 133 items used to obtain a Total EQ

• Also gives 5 composite scores

• Limitations• Self-report measure• Highly susceptible to faking

Trait Model

• Petrides et al.’s Triat EI model is “a constellation of emotional self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality.”

• Trait EI refers to an individual’s self-perceptions of their emotional abilities.

• Definition encompasses:• Behavioral dispositions• Self-perceived abilities

Measurement

Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue)• Self-report • 15 subscales organized under 4 factors:

• Well-being• Self-control• Emotionality• Sociability

• Along with scores for the subscales and main factors, a global trait EI score is also given

• Reliability – Internal consistency• 10 subscales range between .71 and .91• 5 subscales are below .70

Measurement

• Scores were unrelated to nonverbal reasoning• Raven’s matrices

• TEIQue scores were positively related to some of the Big Five personality traits• Positively related – Agreeableness (.47), Openness

(.41), Conscientiousness (.41), Emotional Stability (.42)• Negatively related – Neuroticism (-.17)

Criticisms

• Theory• EI cannot be recognized as a form of intelligence• EI has little predictive value

• Measures of EI• Ability EI scales measure:

• Conformity, not ability• Knowledge (not actual ability)• Personality and general intelligence

• Self-report measures are susceptible to faking• Claims for the predictive power of EI are too extreme

Applications of EI in Industry

• Research of EI and job performance show mixed results

• Compensatory model between EI & IQ (Cote & Miner, 2006)• Relationship between EI and job performance becomes

more positive as cognitive intelligence decreases• Study supported compensatory model (Petrides, et al.,

2004)

Conclusions

• Idea of EI has been around since Darwin• 3 types of models:

• Ability-Based Model• Mixed Model• Trait Model

• Utility is questionable at best• Compensatory model

QUESTIONS???