emperor napoleon bonaparte to the congress of vienna · 2012-10-22 · napoleon withdrawals his...
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Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte
to
the Congress of
Vienna
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Basics 4 Vocab
Three estates – France’s 3 social classes: the clergy (1st),
the nobility (2nd), and everyone else (3rd)
Bourgeoisie – the middle class and highest level of the 3rd
estate
Estates-General – France’s legislative, law-making, body
in which each estate had one vote
National Assembly – Revolutionary legislature formed
when the 1st & 2nd estates locked the 3rd estate out of the
Estates-General
Tennis Court Oath – Oath taken by the National Assembly
to not leave until there was a new French Constitution
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More Basics 4 Vocab
Bastille – Parisian prison that was destroyed July 14th 1789
as crowds searched for weapons and gunpowder to protect
themselves from the French Army
Sans-culottes – working class revolutionaries who pushed
for a republic and wanted to end the monarchy
Jacobins – middle class lawyers and intellectuals who were
in favor of a republic
Émigré – clergy and nobles who fled France and
revolutionaries with tales of mob violence that frightened
many European monarchs
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Last slide of Basics 4 Vocab
Suffrage – the right to vote
Robespierre – leader of the Committee of Public
Safety, a Jacobin, he took control of the French
Revolution and began the Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror – September 1793 – July 1794
which tried about 300,000 individuals and executed
17,000 “enemies of the revolution”
Nationalism – feelings of pride and love for one’s
country
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Area of Concern Description of decision
France
Poland
Saxony
German Confederacy
Lowlands
Italy
Finland
French and Dutch Colonies
Slave Trade
Holy Alliance
What else??
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Napoleon a Rising Star
1795-At 25
– hero of the Republic of France
1796-At 26
– “the General” led victories over enemy forces
1799-At 30
– control of France’s Military
– coup d’etat (blow of state)
• Used his troops and influence to take over the government of France
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A leader at last…
Coup led to a victory over anti-French
powers
– Britain, Austria and Russia
1800- vote of the people (plebiscite)
– all real power given to Napoleon
• vote overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon
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Stability and Order
Napoleon wanted:
– Strong central government
– Strong Economy
1. Equality in Taxation
2. Effective tax-collection
3. National Bank
– End of Corruption
• Wanted to keep some of the same changes that were made during the Revolution
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Napoleonic Code
Code of Laws
– Would end many injustices
– promoted order
But…
– Women lost many rights
– Freedom of Press and Speech limited
– Restored slavery in the French colonies
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Emperor
Napoleon crowns himself and wife-
December 2nd 1804
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Colonies started to revolt
Revolutionary ideas start to spread around
the world
– Reached the people of St. Domingue (Haiti)
• Demanded that they be given the same freedoms as
the French people
– What other “colonial” event does this sound like?
• They were denied and civil war erupted
– Slaves under Toussaint L’Ouverture led a rebellion and
seized the colony!
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Continued…
Napoleon decides to back out of the
Americas
– Sells Louisiana Territory
• $15 million to President Jefferson and the
US
– What did he gain?
• Money to conquer Europe
• Punishment for the British
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Napoleon starts to lose power
Battle of Trafalgar
– British fleet separates the French
• French CANNOT defeat the British, now what?
Does not have an heir
– Divorces his wife, marries into the Austrian family to create an alliance
• Napoleon II is born
Continental System
– Tries to starve out the British
Russia
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The BIG mistake: Who?
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The BIG mistake: What?
Napoleon attacks the only
rival left on the mainland of
Europe
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The BIG mistake: HOW?
Over
600,000
men!
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The BIG mistake: Russia retaliates!
Why is this effective?
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The BIG mistake: What is
Napoleon’s next move?
Wait in Moscow for
the Russians to
surrender
Do they??
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NO! Napoleon is defeated!
Running low on
supplies
Soldiers start
dying
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What happens after?
Napoleon withdrawals his army
– 600,000 to start
– 28,000 at the end of the attack!!
Napoleon
– Leaves his army
– Attempts to rebuild in France
– Other European powers unite to defeat him in
1813
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Exile—Return—Exile
Exiled to the small island of
Elba (Italy)
– Why not just kill him?
Napoleon escapes and for 100
days returns to be Emperor of
France but is defeated at
Waterloo (1815)
– Monarchy temporary restored,
people fear “the old days”
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Re-exiled to St.
Helena (South
Atlantic)
Died in 1821 of
a stomach ailment
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Peace—Congress of Vienna
The five “great” powers of Europe
– Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France (under a new King)
– How to deal with Europe after Napoleon’s Empire is dismantled?
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The two big goals:
1. Return the royal families to their
rightful thrones
– Any democratic movement was a threat!
2. Prevent another war—Balance of
Power
– If one power attacks another the rest will
join against the attacker
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Nationalism
Devotion and loyalty to a nation
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Why is nationalism
considered a side effect of
the French Revolution,
Napoleon’s rule, and the
Congress of Vienna?
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Hero Tyrant
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Add a 1 paragraph summary to the end of
your notes!
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Area of Concern Description of decision
France
Poland
Saxony
German Confederacy
Lowlands
Italy
Finland
French and Dutch Colonies
Slave Trade
Holy Alliance
What else??