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Page 1: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Empire, War, & Colonial Empire, War, & Colonial RebellionRebellion

Page 2: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

18th Century Empires18th Century Empires

European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve their economic status.

Trade rivalries developed causing great strain among the European powers.

Boundaries of empires established in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.

Page 3: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Source of ConflictSource of Conflict

There were three major zones of conflict:There were three major zones of conflict:

Central Europe (Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns)Central Europe (Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns) Eastern Europe (Russian growth at expense of Eastern Europe (Russian growth at expense of

Ottomans and Poland)Ottomans and Poland) Colonies (British vs. French rivalry in north Colonies (British vs. French rivalry in north

America and India)America and India)

Page 4: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

French & British RivalryFrench & British Rivalry

North America was a major source of conflict between France and Britain. Competition among colonists Conflict over fishing rights and fur trade. Competition among each other to gain

alliances with Native American tribes. India was another source of conflict.

Competition for trade between the British East India Company and French trading companies.

Page 5: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Rivalry in IndiaRivalry in India The government of India was weakening

during the 18th century. France and Britain both saw it as an

opportunity to expand their control of the region. Both countries attempted to gain control of the

government in India. Joseph Dupleix of France Robert Clive of England

Each country attempted to stop the other from government control of India.

Page 6: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Mid 18th C WarsMid 18th C Wars

Page 7: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Pragmatic Sanction (1713)Pragmatic Sanction (1713)

Designed to ensure that the Austrian throne Designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa. Theresa.

Page 8: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

War of the Austrian SuccessionWar of the Austrian Succession1740 - 17481740 - 1748

In 1740, Frederick the Great of Prussia seized the Austrian province of Silesia. Claimed he was not bound to the Pragmatic Sanction. Silesia had rich farmland along with large iron

deposits. Its population was largely German speaking

The seizure of Silesia began the War of the Austrian Succession.

Page 9: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve
Page 10: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

European WarEuropean War France sided with Prussia (Feared a strong

united Germany under Hapsburg rule) Britain, Russia, and the Dutch Netherlands

sided with Austria.

Page 11: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

King George’s War (1744-1748)King George’s War (1744-1748)

North American war between France and North American war between France and Great BritainGreat Britain

Neither country gained nor lost much Neither country gained nor lost much

Page 12: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Results of Austrian SuccessionResults of Austrian Succession

Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle - 1748Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle - 1748 Frederick kept Silesia which guaranteed Frederick kept Silesia which guaranteed

another waranother war Status quo maintainedStatus quo maintained

Page 13: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Diplomatic RevolutionDiplomatic Revolution

While Maria Theresa prepared for another While Maria Theresa prepared for another war, her foreign minister worked to separate war, her foreign minister worked to separate Prussia from FrancePrussia from France

Page 14: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Diplomatic Revolution -1756Diplomatic Revolution -1756

Austria forged an alliance with ancient Austria forged an alliance with ancient Bourbon rival…FranceBourbon rival…France

Russia saw Prussia as hindrance to Russia saw Prussia as hindrance to expansion and allied with Austria and expansion and allied with Austria and FranceFrance

Great Britain allied with PrussiaGreat Britain allied with Prussia

Page 15: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve
Page 16: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

The Seven Years WarThe Seven Years War 1756-17631756-1763

Involved almost every European country. Fought not only in Europe but also India and the Americas.

The French and Indian Wars

At one time, Prussia was surrounded by enemies in Europe. With British aid, Frederick was able to hold off invasion.

Complexion of war changed when Russia changed sides and joined Prussia.

Treaty of Hubertusburg ended the war. Prussia allowed to keep Silesia and balance of power

maintained

Page 17: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

IndiaIndia

France vs. Great BritainFrance vs. Great Britain British under Robert Clive decisively defeat British under Robert Clive decisively defeat

the French the French Britain became the dominant European

power in India.  

Page 18: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

French and Indian War 1756-1763French and Indian War 1756-1763

William Pitt the Elder (PM) “The Battle for William Pitt the Elder (PM) “The Battle for North America was won on the fields of North America was won on the fields of Europe”Europe”

Major victory for Great Britain over FranceMajor victory for Great Britain over France

Page 19: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Results of French and Indian WarResults of French and Indian War

France lost Canada to Great Britain (GB)France lost Canada to Great Britain (GB) France lost all possessions east of France lost all possessions east of

Mississippi River to GBMississippi River to GB

Page 20: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Importance of the WarImportance of the War American colonists no longer needed protection

from Britain

The debts France incurred in this war and in the American Revolution helped cause the French Revolution.  

Page 21: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

Importance of the WarImportance of the War  Prussia survived and confirmed its place as

an important European power.

   Russia showed itself to be a major power

capable of enormous influence.

Page 22: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

 Britain became the world's dominant naval and economic power

 

Page 23: Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve

European Claims in North America European Claims in North America Before and After the Seven Years' WarBefore and After the Seven Years' War

(1756–1763)(1756–1763)


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