Employability Unit Review

Audio Video Production

What is video?What is video?

Video: An audiovisual medium that records on magnetic tape or other media by electronic means.

Film & TelevisionFilm & TelevisionFilm: An audiovisual medium that

records images on transparent plastic strips by means of photosensitive chemicals.

Television: Studio-based, multicamera video that is often produced and transmitted “live”.

A copyright is an exclusive right A copyright is an exclusive right to to a musical, literary, dramatic, or a musical, literary, dramatic, or artistic piece of work.artistic piece of work.

Following numerous revisions, a Following numerous revisions, a

copyright today is valid for the copyright today is valid for the

life of the author plus 70 years.life of the author plus 70 years.

In addition, copyright protection In addition, copyright protection

on works created exclusively for on works created exclusively for

corporations (for example, The corporations (for example, The

Walt Disney Company) have been Walt Disney Company) have been

extended to 95 years.extended to 95 years.

Videographers have the legal Videographers have the legal

right to exclude anyone from right to exclude anyone from

copying all or part of their work.copying all or part of their work.

Likewise, they must secure Likewise, they must secure

permission if using someone permission if using someone

else’s work, unless that work is else’s work, unless that work is

in the public domain.in the public domain.

Solicit the copyright owner (artist, Solicit the copyright owner (artist, producer, or label company) with a producer, or label company) with a written request to use the material.written request to use the material.

The manner or extent to which the The manner or extent to which the material is to be used often material is to be used often determines compensation.determines compensation.

Fair Use refers to the limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the

copyright owner, and must be done according to guidelines found in U.S. Copyright Law.

Educational Multimedia

Students and teachers may Students and teachers may use copyrighted material on a use copyrighted material on a limited basis when creating limited basis when creating multimedia lessons and multimedia lessons and projects for instruction and projects for instruction and learning. This is not the case learning. This is not the case when commercial profit is when commercial profit is involved.involved.

Important Points

Motion media (video): Up to 10% of the total piece or 3 minutes, whichever is less.

Music and lyrics: Up to 10% of the total piece or 30 seconds, whichever is less.

Images from books or magazines: Maximum of five images from one artist, and the lesser between 10% and 15 total images from a collective work.

Failure to abide by Fair Use

guidelines could result in

prosecution under copyright

law.

Intellectual PropertyIntellectual PropertyIntellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.images, and designs used in commerce.

Leadership SkillsLeadership skills include the ability to motivate others, set group goals, delegate tasks, and think creatively.

CommunicationCommunication is the process of

sending messages to, and receiving messages from others.

Verbal CommunicationVerbal communication is

speaking to communicate.

Non-Verbal CommunicationNon-verbal communication is

communicating without speaking. Your eyes, expressions, body positions, and gestures communicate how you are feeling.

Listening SkillsInclude the abilities to hear

another person’s message, read body language, and understand the tone of voice of a speaker.

In charge of an individual production. Is responsible for all personnel working on the production and for coordinating technical and nontechnical production elements.

In charge of directing talent and technical operations. Is ultimately responsible for transforming a script into effective video and audio messages.

In charge of creative design aspects of show (set design, location, and/or graphics).

Does the makeup for all talent.

Designs and sometimes even constructs costumes for television or film.

NetiquetteNetiquette is the code of proper

behavior for communicating on the internet.

Rule #1Never communicate in ALL

CAPITAL LETTERS. On the Net this is shouting and considered very rude.

Rule #2Always fill in the subject line in

your correspondence to others.

Rule #3Do not type anything that you

would not say to a person face to face.

Rule #4In casual e-mail use emoticons to

show expression.

Basic happy smiley;-) Wink smiley:-D Laugh out loud smiley

Rule #5Keep professional e-mail

professional.Business e-mail should be written

like a business letter with a salutation, complete sentences, correct grammar and spelling.

Rule #6Be careful what you send to others.◦Be careful not to spread viruses

(keep virus protection updated on your computer)

◦Do not spam. Do not forward e-mail to everyone on your address list.

Rule #7Do not forward e-mail from other

people. Do not send e-mail that you do not want forwarded to other people.

Rule #8Do not send huge attachments.

Someone who portrays someone else on-camera.

Someone who appears on-camera in a non-dramatic activity. Performers portray themselves.

Refers to all performers and actors who regularly appear on television.

Reads narration but does not appear on-camera. If on camera, the announcer moves up into the talent category.

Principal presenter of newscast, normally from a studio set.

Gathers the stories. Often reports on-camera from the field.

On-camera talent, reporting the weather.

On-camera talent, reporting local traffic conditions.

On-camera talent, giving sports news and commentary.

Also called stage manager.In charge of all activities on the

studio floor. Coordinates talent, relays director’s cues to talent, and supervises floor personnel.

Prepares computer graphics, titles, charts, and electronic backgrounds.

Constructs the complete sound track (dialogue and sound effects) in postproduction.

In charge of all technical personnel, budgets, and equipment. Designs system, including transmission facilities, and oversees installations and day-to-day operations.

Operate the cameras; often do the lighting for simple shows.

Is called a cinematographer in film production.

In charge of lighting.

Operates postproduction editing equipment. Often makes or assists in creating editing decisions.

Writes on-the-air copy for the anchors. The copy is based on the reporter’s notes and the available videotape.

The Production ProcessThere are three stages of the

production process.◦Pre-Production◦Production◦Post-Production

Step 1: Pre-ProductionPre-Production involves all the

work necessary to plan the film. The screenwriter needs to write

or revise the script.Production design involves

researching and creating sets, costumes and makeup.

Storyboards are drawn.Casting needs to be completed.

Step 2: ProductionProduction is the work completed

“on the set”.It is the actual filming of the

video.

Step 3: Post-ProductionPost-production is the work

completed in the studio.The video is edited and sound,

special effects, transitions, etc. are added.

Story programs include feature movies, TV series programs, and music videos that are made purely for entertainment.

What are some examples of story programs?

Do you expect these programs to be true?

When watching CSI, do you expect it to be a realistic portrayal of that profession?

Sports programs are often presented “live” so the depiction is very close to reality.

However, many cameras are used, and what the producer chooses to show at any moment can distort reality.

A producer could choose not to show something, or focus on something to make it seem more important.

What are some examples of how a sports producer can distort reality?

Breaking (live) news is very much like sports, but many news reports concern events to which cameras were invited: interviews, press conferences, and “media opportunities”.

A media opportunity is an event created specifically for the purpose of being covered by news organizations.

Do you think “media opportunities” always present the truth?

A documentary is a type of nonfiction program purporting to communicate information about a real-world topic.

They present the essence of their subjects, painstakingly culled from dozens or even hundreds of hours of unstaged footage, often without the editorial comment of narration or the emotional support of music.

Do documentaries present genuine reality?

An editorial documentary is a documentary that attempts to win viewers over to its position or point of view.

There are at least two sides to an issue and an editorial documentary only represents one side. For example, one editorial documentary may focus on the importance of forest conservation and a rival program may focus on the importance of logging.

Commercials are very short programs intended to sell a product, a person, or an idea.

Commercials do not distort the obvious facts about their products because their manufacturers would be open to lawsuits.

However, they do use video tricks to make products look better.

Have you ever purchased anything you saw on a commercial that wasn’t as good as it appeared?

An infomercial is a program-length commercial masquerading as a regular program.

What are some examples of infomercials?

How can infomercials distort the truth?

Documentary: The edited material should represent the actual subject as closely as possible.

Commercials: Should be honest where facts are concerned.

Sports and News: Should be completely accurate, should avoid personal bias, and should represent all sides.

Story (Fiction) Programs: Make no claim to show reality so they can employ every technique in the video toolbox.