employee engagement on rural sectors

8/18/2019 Employee engagement on rural sectors

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Empowering Rural Women through Micro Finance: An empirical Study

Arunkumar S* ,Anand.A1, Vijay Anand.V*,Rengarajan V* M. Shyam2

*Assistant Professors – SOM, SASRA, !ni"ersity, hanja"ur

1Professor, #nanam $usiness S%hoo&, hanja"ur

2Student, SOM, SASRA !ni"ersity, hanja"ur

arunkumar'm(a.sastra.edu

Abstract

)n e"ery e%onomy, omen +&ay an integra& +art. or a%hie"ing a&& round de"e&o+ment and

harmonious groth, omen shou&d a&so (e gi"en e-ua& rights. )n order to a%hie"e e%onomi%de"e&o+ment, im+ortan%e has to (e gi"en to the omen &a(our. oadays S/# are "o&untary

organi0ations, through hi%h mem(ers are gi"en mi%ro %redits and it ease them to (e%ome

entre+reneurs. he em+oerment of omen in rura& as e&& as ur(an areas %an (e a%hie"edthrough formation of Se&f /e&+ #rou+s S/# of omen. he e%onomi% em+oerment, hi%h is

de+endent on the o"era&& em+oerment of omen, %an (e a%hie"ed through these S/#s hi%h

in"o&"e omen in the areas &ike hea&th, sanitation, nutrition, agri%u&ture, forestry et%., a+art from

in"o&"ing them in a%ti"ities +ertaining mi%ro %redit. he +o+u&ation of this study is the tota& S/#mem(ers in 3hidam(aram a&uk. )t is finite +o+u&ation. here are 456 num(er of S/# mem(ers

in 3hidam(aram a&uk. )n this study 266 num(er of S/# mem(ers in 3hidam(aram a&uk

ou&d (e se&e%ted as si0e of the sam+&e. he tota& sam+&e %om+rises of 76 S/# mem(ers fromea%h 8 (&o%ks of 3hidam(aram a&uk. 3hidam(aram ur(an, 3hidam(aram rura&, Va&&am+adugai,

9attumanarkoi&.he Study re"ea&s that there is a signifi%ant differen%e o(ser"ed (eteen

in%ome generation, %ontri(ution to house ho&d in%ome , +arti%i+ation in house ho&d finan%ia&de%ision , im+ro"ement in standard of &i"ing , %hange in so%ia& status , aareness a(out so%ia&

issues , in"o&"ement in so%ia& issues at &o%a&ity , im+ro"ement in (asi% house ho&d fa%i&ities and

amenities , a(i&ity to so&"e fami&y re&ated +ro(&ems , se&f:%onfiden%e , attainment of kno&edgeand ski&&s , de%ision making %a+a(i&ity and a(i&ity to ta%k&e fami&y +ro(&ems (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e usage and +arti%i+ation in Se&f /e&+ #rou+. /en%e, the study %on%&udes that

omen are em+oered (e%ause of the usage of mi%rofinan%e and +arti%i+ation in Se&f /e&+

#rou+.

Key Terms: Mi%rofinan%e, Se&f /e&+ #rou+s, ;m+oerment, ;ntre+reneuria& a%ti"ities.

Empowering Rural Women’s through Micro Finance: An empirical Study


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!! "ntroduction to women Empowerment)n e"ery e%onomy omen +&ay an essentia& +art.


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training e>er%ises. ;m+oerment of omen, +oor +eo+&e and e>tin%tion of +o"erty are aimed (y

a&& these +rograms. atura& generation of %onfiden%e and eagerness to +erform their a%ti"ities %an

(e (ought (y a trustorthy agen%y (y ade-uate doses of mi%rofinan%e in time to the omen for their +ersona&, fami&ia& and (usiness +ur+oses.


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D Mo(i&i0ation of sma&& sa"ings among +oor rura& omen.

D $ui&ding mutua& trust and %onfiden%e (eteen $anks, #Os and rura& +oor.

D 3reating hea&thy re&ations (eteen S/#s mem(ers and &inking agen%iesD 3onstant su+er"ision and monitoring (y (anks through #Os.

!# Statement o$ the *roblemA&&e"iation of +o"erty, the %ore of a&& im+ro"ement efforts, has +ersisted a "ery %om+&e>

and serious %on%ern for de"e&o+ing %ountries. An e>+erien%e has shon that se"era& of the

+o"erty a&&e"iation +rograms ha"e not attained the +redi%ted su%%ess.


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2. o understand the demogra+hi% +rofi&e of Se&f /e&+ #rou+ mem(ers

E. o gi"e suggestions for the im+ro"ement of +erforman%e of mi%rofinan%e toard omen?s

em+oerment through Se&f /e&+ #rou+s.

#!2iterature re1iew

/a0arika, 2611 ,the study ta&ks a(out the status of )ndian omen in ear&ier days ith the%om+arison of u+%oming days, the study %ame u+ ith a %&ear +i%ture of omen in )ndia here

there is gender ine-ua&ity, de+enden%y on ma&e, de+enden%y of idos and sma&& +ro+ortion in

the &ife of so%iety. So their study on ;m+oerment of omen in )ndia high&ights that the Erd and

8th amendments 1@@E to the %onstitution of )ndia hi%h ga"e the +oer to omen and a&so

"arious a%tions.9asi, 261E )n their study on the de"e&o+ment of %ommunity and seri%u&ture

industry (y the he&+ of )ndian "i&&age omen studied that ,a%tua&&y omen are more %aring and

sin%ere toards the ork hat they ha"e taken a&so that is the major %hara%teristi% to hand&e the

si&k orms and seri%u&ture is +ro"iding many em+&oyment o++ortunities, e%onomi% de"e&o+ment

and meaningfu& in%ome. So this -ua&itati"e study has %o&&e%ted information a(out the 9otha)nd&u

"i&&age and %ame u+ ith the so&ution to mat%h these to ideas to em+oer the )ndian omen ase&& as )ndian So%iety.Porter, 261E )s the study hi%h te&&s the im+ortan%e of e-ua&ity, rights

and de"e&o+ment for the su%%ess of em+oerment and it states that the e%onomi% em+oerment

of omen is the major fa%tor for +ea%e (ui&ding, so +arti%i+ation in the de%ision making +ro%ess

a(out +ea%e and se%urity is the key for em+oerment. )t a&so "ies the omen em+oerment in

different ay, hi%h the traditiona& "ie missesF the traditiona& "ie seen on&y that edu%ation

and hea&th%are are the most im+ortant things for em+oerment.#.S.Ogato, 261E Study

re"ieed the measures of a&ready de&i"ered strategies in ;thio+ia hi%h %omes under Geast

Be"e&o+ed 3ountries GB3, (e%ause ;thio+ia omen need more so%ia&, e%onomi%, +o&iti%a& and

%u&tura& em+oerment. hey ha"e no o++ortunities e"en to a%%ess their on resour%es. So the

study in%&uded gender e-ua&ity and omen em+oerment ith the Mi&&ennium Be"e&o+ed

#oa&s.Ro( teen months ith eight months of inter"a&

+eriod.


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in%&udes end&ess strugg&e and sa%rifi%e. A&so the atta%hment of the heroi% omen ith other

indi"idua&s i&& &ead to ens&a"ement and on&y the iso&ation resu&ts to their freedom. So this study

suggests that the so%iety seeks the re"o&ution on the (eha"ior of omen (y their mo"ement in the

so%ia& and +o&iti%a& margins.9enneth oster, 2616 in the study hi%h has (een undertaken ith

the high risk of disa(&ed omen to sum u+ the issues and +ro(&ems re&ated to the omen a(use,

to des%ri(e the +ra%ti%es of "i%tim:sur"i"ors and to +ro"ide the enough kno&edge for the

+ra%titioners for their he&+, disa(i&ity of omen synonymous to their de+enden%y, eakness, and

+assi"eness. he study %on%&uded that those +ra%titioners need to (e guided +ro+er&y (y the

a%tion +&ans. Su%h that it i&& take to the em+oerment oriented a++roa%h.

Marie Antoinette Pata&agsa, 2617 he study made the in de+th inter"ies among 874 +oor rura&

househo&ds from $ang&adesh, )ndia a(out home gardens, (e%ause home gardening i&& im+ro"e

the omen em+oerment as gender e-ua&ity, stress free, food su++&ies ith in%ome, agri%u&tura&

in"o&"ement, se&f:%onfiden%e and finan%ia& sta(i&ity. So this +a+er ga"e training on homegardening and nutrition for the rura& omen of $ang&adesh and it resu&ted to the gradua&

em+oerment of omen. A&so this idea as e&%omed (y the men from the same so%iety.

Ge"is, 2611 )n 2666, he !nited ations ! &isted some Mi&&ennium Be"e&o+ment #oa&s

MB#s hi%h has to (e done (efore 2617. And its forard o(je%ti"e is to em+oer omen

e%onomi%a&&y ith the he&+ of )nformation and 3ommuni%ation e%hno&ogies )3s. So Makingand marketing of %rafts made (y omen need to (e a%hie"e (y )3s. $ut e"en though )3s he&+s

the omen %raft makers in their +rodu%tion +ro%ess and se&&ing +ro%ess (y finding (etter market,

et%., it is not an easy a%%ess for rura& omen. ina&&y they suggested understanding the fa%tors

affe%ting omen to a%%ess )3s.Sa"itha $, 2612 he states ami& adu and Andhra Pradeshha"e (een &eading in )ndia for mi%rofinan%e. And the %on%e+t of mi%ro %redit as (eing used (y

Se&f:/e&+ #rou+s ith the %onne%tion of "arious (anks and mi%ro finan%e institutions. he main

o(je%ti"e of mi%ro finan%e is to em+oer the omen ho are a&& dis%riminated in their e%onomi%.

And this study found that the mi%ro %redit a%ti"ities su%h as &oans resu&ted to (etter in%omegeneration. So they %on%&uded that the effe%ti"e uti&i0ation of mi%ro finan%e (y the Se&f:/e&+

#rou+ mem(ers i&& definite&y &ead their em+oerment in their e%onomi% en"ironment.

Sundaram.A, 2612 he +a+er aims to kno the im+ortan%e and the im+a%t of Se&f:/e&+ #rou+s

in )ndia for finding the (etter suggestions for u+%oming Se&f:/e&+ #rou+ Pra%ti%es. And they

found that the Se&f:/e&+ in%reases the em+&oyment o++ortunity, a(i&ity to take de%isions,

in"o&"ement ith the so%iety, in%ome generation, +romotion of mi%ro enter+rises, /ea&th %are,infrastru%ture de"e&o+ment, effe%ti"e uti&i0ation of funds, mo(i&ity. Se&f:%onfiden%e,

%ommuni%ation &e"e&, sa"ing ha(it and a&so they suggested fo%using on the +romotion of Se&f:/e&+ #rou+s.Sandhu, 261E Studied among the S/# mem(ers in the distri%t of Gudhiana andAmritsar ho are a&& from +oor (a%kground and the (a%kard %ommunities and they stated that

the administration of the grou+s ha"e the %ode of %ondu%t for their effi%ien%y and hen%e the Se&f:

/e&+ grou+s +&ays the "ita& ro&e in omen em+oerment and +o"erty a&&e"iation ith the he&+ of S/# grou+ +ra%ti%es su%h as Mi%ro finan%e. So this study aims to find the fun%tioning of S/#s

and its im+a%t on the S/# mem(ers of the s+e%ified distri%ts. hey found that there are some

issues asso%iated ith the S/#s &ike &imited %redit de&ay in the re+ayment of &oan, s&o rea%h of


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information regarding ne s%hemes and +o&i%ies from the #o"ernment to the Se&f:/e&+ #rou+

mem(ers.

Pa&, 2618 he study as %ondu%ted for finding the inf&uen%e of Se&f:/e&+ #rou+ and the

res+ondents for this study ha"e gone ith the random sam+&ing te%hni-ues for se&e%tion, thoseres+ondents are Poor, Houng /indu omen (ut most&y &iterates to ha"e the (etter %om+arison on

the de%ision making a(i&ity of Se&f:/e&+ grou+ mem(ers and on Se&f:/e&+ #rou+ mem(ers inthe a%ti"ities re&ated to farming. So this study te&&s that ;"en though +enditure and sa"ings among the Se&f:/e&+ #rou+ mem(ers, (e%ause e%onomi%inde+enden%e is the key indi%ator for em+oerment hi%h gi"es the +o&iti%a& and so%ia&

em+oerment. And the study found that the in%ome &e"e& and the e>+enditure &e"e& of omenha"e in%reased after joining ith the Se&f:/e&+ #rou+s and the %on%&usion S/#s made a +ositi"eim+a%t on the omen em+oerment.

%! Research methodology

Resear%h in%u&%ates s%ientifi% and indu%ti"e thinking I it +romotes the de"e&o+ment of

&ogi%a& ha(its of thinking I organi0ationJ. )t has s+e%ifi% signifi%an%e in so&"ing "ariouso+erationa& I +&anning +ro(&ems of (usiness I industry. A resear%h design is the s+e%ifi%ation of

methods and +ro%edures for a%-uiring the information needed. )t is the o"era&& o+erationa& +attern

or frameork of the +roje%t that sti+u&ates hat information is to (e %o&&e%ted from hi%hsour%es (y hat +ro%edures. his study is (oth em+iri%a& and des%ri+ti"e in nature. $oth Primary

and Se%ondary data ha"e (een made use of the ana&ysis. Primary data i&& (e %o&&e%ted through

fie&d sur"ey and -uestionnaires. Persona& inter"ies ith the offi%ia&s %on%erned are a&so%ondu%ted to get the needed information for the ana&ysis. /ere stru%ture -uestionnaire is used as

a too& for data %o&&e%tion from S/# mem(ers. he o"era&& +rogress of the +roje%t is (eing

assessed ith the he&+ of se%ondary data hi%h are %o&&e%ted from +u(&ished sour%es &ike annua&

re+orts, re%ords of 3R;;B 3entra& for Rura& ;du%ation and ;%onomi% Be"e&o+ment offi%e,internet, (ooks et%. A dis+ro+ortionate random sam+&ing method has (een used for se&e%ting the

res+ondents from the tota& S/#?s. he +o+u&ation of this study is the tota& S/# mem(ers in

3hidam(aram a&uk. )t is finite +o+u&ation. here are 456 num(er of S/# mem(ers in3hidam(aram a&uk. )t refers to the num(er of items to (e se&e%ted from the uni"erse to

%onstitute as a sam+&e. )n this study 266num(er of S/# mem(ers in 3hidam(aram a&uk ou&d

(e se&e%ted as si0e of the sam+&e. he tota& sam+&e %om+rises of 76 S/# mem(ers from ea%h 8 (&o%ks of 3hidam(aram a&uk. 3hidam(aram ur(an, 3hidam(aram rura&, Va&&am+adugai,

9attumanarkoi&.his study is %ondu%ted for duration of to months from 25 th A+ri& 2617 to E6th

of Kune 2617.he statisti%a& too&s used for ana&ysis are as fo&&os, Per%entage Ana&ysis Method,


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manner, he Study as &imited and %onfined to 3hidam(aram a&uk on&y, ime as a major

%onstraint due to hi%h the sam+&e si0e is &imited.

)! Results and "nterpretation

Table: !! 3emographic pro$ile o$ respondents

Age o$ the

Respondents

21 to 27 Hears

1E=4.7

24 to E6 Hears

25=18

E1 to E7

Hears

46=E6

E4 to 86

Hears

E7=1.7

A(o"e 86

Hears

48=E2

Marital Status

o$ Respondents

!nmarried

16=7

Married

172=4


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4@=E8.7 E7=1.7

Repaying the

loan

A&ays

15=5@

Sometimes

22=11

Social acti1ity

in1ol1ed in a$ter 0oining S'(

Pooja=


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9asic moti1e in

0oining S'(R!><

?

R#>;

?

R%>

?

R)>.

?

R.>)

?

R>%

?

R;>#

?

R!

?

@w7Tota

l

@w75@

wA1erag

e

3hange your

+o"erty 248 78 284 166 E4 @ 4 @ 1288 E8.4)n%reasing

)n%ome EE4 EE4 E46 146 85 12 2 1 1277 E8.@

;nhan%e

sa"ings=de+osits 248 26E 26 227 128 21 18 E 1128 E1.2

A%-uire assetsE26 1EE 162 246 148 87 26 4 1676 [email protected]

ake &oan for M125 8@ @6 56 272 142 82 5 511 22.7

)n%reasing fami&ye&fare 146 6 28 57 56 26 4 22 28 26.1

3hi&drenedu%ation=marriag

e 55 18 46 E7 74 5 152 E@ 772 17.E

#et other (enefit86 21 85 77 86 44 75 112 886 12.2

"n$erence:

he a(o"e %hart shos that the reason for joining in S/#, in%reasing in%ome is the most

im+ortant reason of joining S/#, %hanging the +o"erty is the se%ond reason, enhan%ing sa"ingsand de+osit is the third reason, a%-uiring assets is the fourth reason, taking &oan is the fifth

reason, in%reasing the fami&y e&fare is the si>th reason, %hi&dren edu%ation or marriage is these"enth reason and to get other (enefits is the eighth reason.

Table !) *airedt’ Samples Test $or "ncome (eneration&Economic Empowerment

Paired Bifferen%es t df

Sig. 2:

tai&ed

Mean

Std.

Be"iatio

n

Std.

;rror

Mean

@7

3onfiden%e)nter"a& of the

Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pair 1

$:)n%omegeneration

A:)n%omegeneration

1.@77 .514 .675 1.581 2.64@ EE.51 1@@ .666


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Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen in%ome generation (efore and after mi%rofinan%e.

Table!. *aired Samples Test $or +ontribution to 'ouse 'old "ncome

Paired Bifferen%es

t df Sig. 2:tai&ed

Mean

Std.

Be"iatio

n

Std.

;rror

Mean

@7

3onfiden%e

)nter"a& of theBifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:

3ontri(ution

to househo&d in%ome

A:

3ontri(ution

to househo&d in%ome

2.167 .@68 .648 2.2E1 1.@@ E2.@1E 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen %ontri(ution to house ho&d in%ome (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table ! *aired Samples Test $or *articipation in 'ouse 'old Financial 3ecisions

Paired Bifferen%es df Sig. 2:tai&ed

Mea

n

Std.Be"iat

ion

Std.;rror

Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:Parti%i+ation in

house ho&d

finan%ia& de%ision

A:Parti%i+ation in

house ho&d

finan%ia& de%ision

1.5@ .487 .684 1.@57 1.567 81.785 1@@ .666


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Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen +arti%i+ation in house ho&d finan%ia& de%ision (efore andafter mi%rofinan%e.

Table!;*aired Samples Test $or "mpro1ement in Standard o$ 2i1ing

Paired Bifferen%es

t df

Sig. 2:

tai&ed

Mean

Std.

Be"iatio

n

Std.

;rror

Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pair 1

$:)m+ro"emen

t in standard

of &i"ing

A:

)m+ro"ement in standard

of &i"ing

1.@76 .41 .68 2.688 1.574 81.121 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen im+ro"ement in standard of &i"ing (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table!


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Table!B*aired Samples Test $or Awareness about Social "ssues


Mea

n

Std.Be"iatio

n

Std.;rror

Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:Aareness

a(out so%ia&

issues

A:Aareness

a(out so%ia&issues

1.587 .41@ .688 1.@E1 1.7@ 82.14 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen aareness a(out so%ia& issues (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!= *aired Samples Test $or "n1ol1ement in social issues at locality

Paired Bifferen%es

t df Sig. 2:tai&edMean

Std.

Be"iation

Std.

;rror Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:)n"o&"ement

in so%ia& issuesat &o%a&ity

A:)n"o&"ement

in so%ia& issuesat &o%a&ity

2.687 .7@ .678 2.171 1.@E@ E5.111 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen in"o&"ement in so%ia& issues at &o%a&ity (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!! *aired Samples Test $or "mpro1ement in 9asic 'ouse 'old $acilities


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Paired Bifferen%es df

Sig. 2:

tai&ed

Mea

n

Std.

Be"i

ation

Std.;rror

Mea

n

@73onfiden%e

)nter"a& of the

Bifferen%eGoer !++er

Pai

r 1

$: im+ro"ement in

(asi% house ho&d

fa%i&ities I A:

im+ro"ement in (asi%house ho&d fa%i&ities

2.11 .5E5 .67@ 2.22 1.@@E E7.4E6 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen im+ro"ement in (asi% house ho&d fa%i&ities and amenities

(efore and after mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!# *aired Samples Test $or Ability to sol1e $amily related problems

Paired Bifferen%es t df Sig. 2:tai&ed

Mean

Std.Be"iatio

n

Std.;rror

Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:A(i&ity to

so&"e for fami&yre&ated

+ro(&ems

A:A(i&ity to

so&"e for fami&y

re&ated

+ro(&ems

2.646 .E8 .672 2.142 1.@75 [email protected] 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen a(i&ity to so&"e fami&y re&ated +ro(&ems (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!% *aired Samples Test $or Sel$ +on$idence

Paired Bifferen%es df

Sig. 2:

tai&ed


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Mean

Std.

Be"iation

Std.

;rror Mean

@7

3onfiden%e


Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:Se&f:

%onfiden%e :

A:Se&f:%onfiden%e

2.616 .557 .64E 2.1EE 1.55 E2.16 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen se&f %onfiden%e (efore and after mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!) *aired Samples Test $or Attainment o$ Knowledge and S8ills


Mean

Std.

Be"iatio

n

Std.

;rror

Mean

@7 3onfiden%e

)nter"a& of the

Bifferen%e

Goer !++er

Pai

r 1

$:Attainment

of kno&edge

and ski&&s :A:

Attainmentof kno&edgeand ski&&s

1.517 .@6 .674 1.@27 1.67 E2.8@ 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen attainment of kno&edge and ski&&s (efore and after

mi%rofinan%e.

Table!!. *aired Samples Test $or "mpro1ement in literacy le1el

Paired Bifferen%es t df

Sig. 2:

tai&ed

Mean Std.

Be"iatio

n

Std.

;rror

Mean

@7

3onfiden%e



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Goer !++er

Pair

1

$:Be%ision

making

%a+a(i&ity : A:Be%ision

making

%a+a(i&ity

2.617 .86 .672 2.115 1.@12 E5.712 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen de%ision making %a+a(i&ity (efore and after mi%rofinan%e.

Table!! *aired Samples Test $or Ability to tac8le $amily problems


Mean

Std.Be"iatio

n

Std.;rror

Mean

@7


Bifferen%e

Goe

r !++er

Pai

r 1

$:A(i&ity to

ta%k&e fami&y

+ro(&ems

A:A(i&ity to

ta%k&e fami&y

+ro(&ems

1.587 . .677 1.@7E 1.E EE.7E 1@@ .666

Result:

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen a(i&ity to ta%k&e fami&y +ro(&ems (efore and after mi%rofinan%e.

.! FindingsC suggestionsC conclusions and $uture implications

.!!Findings

he demogra+hi% +rofi&e ana&ysis using +er%entage ana&ysis re"ea&s that E2 of the res+ondentsare a(o"e 86 years of age, E6 of them are (eteen E1 to E7 years and 4.7 of them are (e&o

27 years, as for as the marita& status is %on%erned that 4 of the res+ondents are married, 7 of them are unmarried, a(out their fami&y de+enden%y 46 of the res+ondents ha"e E to 7 mem(ersin their fami&y and 24.7 of them ha"e 7 to mem(ers in their fami&y. A(out their edu%ationa&

(a%kground it is found that EE of the res+ondents are i&&iterate, 75 of them ha"e %om+&eted

s%hoo&ing and on&y 4 of the res+ondents ha"e %om+&eted degree and a(out their o%%u+ationa& +rofi&e is %on%erned that 85 of the res+ondents are house ife, 14 of them are dai&y &a(our

and 1.7 of them are mi%ro:entre+reneur, 27 of the res+ondents s+ouse is engaged in

agri%u&ture, 2E.7 of the res+ondents s+ouse is doing (usiness, 15 of res+ondents s+ouse is


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dai&y &a(our. he demogra+hi% +rofi&e a&so re"ea&s a(out their fami&y in%ome i.e. 2@ of

res+ondents fami&y in%ome &ies (eteen Rs.7666 to Rs.16666, 82 of res+ondent?s &ies (eteen

Rs.16666 to Rs.17666 and 24 of the res+ondents ha"e a(o"e Rs.17666. A(out their housingstatus 88 of the res+ondents &i"e in %on%rete house, 25.7 of them &i"e in ordinary (asi% house

and 24.7 of them &i"e in hut. A(out the num(er of years of asso%iation ith S/#s is %on%erned

88 of the res+ondents are in S/#s for 7 to years, EE.7 of them are in S/#s for E to 7 yearsand 12.7 of res+ondents are in S/#s for &ess than E years. )t is found that E5 of the

res+ondents join S/# (ased on their se&f:de%ision, E8 of them joined (y their friend?s

inf&uen%e, 26 of them joined (y the inf&uen%e of re&ati"es and .7 of them joined (y theinf&uen%e of #Os. )t a&so found that [email protected] of the res+ondents attend S/# meetings fre-uent&y

and .7 of them attend meetings rare&y. )t is found that 75 of the res+ondents a"ai& &oan

fre-uent&y, 12.7 of the res+ondents a"ai& &oan "ery fre-uent&y and on&y 4 of them take &oan

rare&y. )t is found that E8.7 of the res+ondents use the &oan amount for domesti%=househo&d +ur+ose, 15 of them use the &oan for edu%ationa& +ur+ose 1.7 of them use the amount for

mi%ro:enter+rise +ur+ose and 5 of them use for agri%u&tura& +ur+ose and a(out their re+ayment

5@ of the res+ondents a&ays re+ay the &oan regu&ar&y and 11 of them sometimes re+ay the

&oan .)t is found that E of the res+ondents in"o&"e in omen grou+ a%ti"ities, 2E.7 of theres+ondents in"o&"e in +ooja=orshi+=feast, and 22 of them in"o&"e in sa"ings=%o:o+erati"e

a%ti"ities and the (enefi%iary of the &oan amount E6.7 of the res+ondents are se&f:(enefitedfrom the &oan and E5.7 of them here their fami&y mem(ers are (enefited .

he findings of the th reason, %hi&dren

edu%ation or marriage is the se"enth reason and to get other (enefits is the eighth reason.

he findings of the +aired Lt? test re"ea&s that there is a signifi%ant differen%e o(ser"ed (eteen

in%ome generation , %ontri(ution to house ho&d in%ome , +arti%i+ation in house ho&d finan%ia&

de%ision , im+ro"ement in standard of &i"ing , %hange in so%ia& status , aareness a(out so%ia&issues , in"o&"ement in so%ia& issues at &o%a&ity , im+ro"ement in (asi% house ho&d fa%i&ities and

amenities , a(i&ity to so&"e fami&y re&ated +ro(&ems , se&f:%onfiden%e , attainment of kno&edge

and ski&&s , de%ision making %a+a(i&ity and a(i&ity to ta%k&e fami&y +ro(&ems (efore and after mi%rofinan%e usage and +arti%i+ation in Se&f /e&+ #rou+.

.!# Suggestions

he res+ondents (e&o E6 years of age are &ess in num(er. So omen (e&o E6 years of

age shou&d (e en%ouraged to join the se&f:he&+ grou+s in &arge num(ers and o(ser"ed that the

married omen a%ti"e&y take +art in se&f:he&+ grou+ a%ti"ities hen %om+are to unmarried, hen%e

unmarried omen shou&d (e moti"ated and made to a%ti"e&y take +art in those a%ti"ities ,so thatyoung entre+reneurs %an (e made. )t is o(ser"ed from that ninety one +er%ent of the res+ondent?s

edu%ationa& -ua&ifi%ation is (e&o or u+ to s%hoo&ing on&y, so transformationa& edu%ationa& +rograms and %am+aigns %an (e %ondu%ted to im+ro"e their kno&edge and edu%ationa&

-ua&ifi%ation. here are feer res+ondents are in"o&"ed in mi%ro:entre+reneuria& a%ti"ities

hereas others are dai&y &a(our and house i"esF so they shou&d (e moti"ated to a%ti"e&y take +art in entre+reneuria& a%ti"ities. )t is suggested that fifty four +er%entages of the res+ondents are

in Se&f /e&+ #rou+ for more than 7 years and this shos that they are rea&&y (enefited through


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S/#s. /en%e more en%ouraging initiati"e shou&d (e taken to make other omen to join S/#s

a%ti"ities. Se&f:moti"ated de%ision is the major inf&uen%e to join S/# for thirty eight +er%entages

of res+ondents, hereas others join S/# (y the inf&uen%e of friends, re&ati"es and #Os. /en%eaareness a(out the S/#s and their (enefits shou&d (e %reated among omen in rura& areas.

On&y fifty nine +er%entage of the res+ondents attend the S/# meetings regu&ar&y hereas others

do not sho mu%h interest in attending meetings, to address these issue the mem(ers shou&d (einsisted to attend the meetings regu&ar&y for (etter +erforman%e. Among the tota& res+ondents

on&y forty four +er%entage of the res+ondents &i"e in %on%rete houses hereas other &i"e in hut

and other ty+e of house. /en%e they %an (e insisted to use the &oan amount for im+ro"ing their de&&ing +&a%e. enty nine +er%entages of the res+ondents do not sho interest in getting &oan

through mi%rofinan%e. /en%e the im+ortan%e of mi%rofinan%e and (enefits of it shou&d (e

edu%ated to them. On&y se"enteen +er%entages of the res+ondents take &oan for mi%ro:

entre+reneuria& +ur+ose and others take the &oan for househo&d, edu%ation, marriage andagri%u&ture +ur+ose. So they shou&d (e en%ouraged to start entre+reneuria& a%ti"ities. ;&e"en

+er%entage of the res+ondents sho &ess interest in re+aying the &oan regu&ar&y and hen%e they

shou&d (e monitored for the regu&ar re+ayment of &oan amount. On&y thirty +er%entages of the

res+ondents are the se&f:(enefi%iaries of the mi%ro %redit hereas others use the amount for the (enefit of their s+ouse, %hi&dren and other fami&y mem(ers. /en%e they shou&d (e edu%ated to

use the amount for se&f:uti&i0ation and se&f:de"e&o+ment. On&y tenty to +er%entage of res+ondents join S/# to take &oan for the +ur+ose of mi%ro:enter+rise hereas others ha"e

"arious other reasons &ike in%rease in%ome, %hange their +o"erty, %hi&d edu%ation=marriage,

sa"ings=de+osits and to a%-uire assets. /en%e S/#s shou&d (e fo%used toards entre+reneuria& +ur+ose. S+ouse o%%u+ation ise the res+ondents differ in their e%onomi%, so%ia&, +sy%ho&ogi%a&

and +o&iti%a& em+oerment &e"e&. )t shos that res+ondents hose s+ouse o%%u+ation is dai&y

&a(our and agri%u&ture are more em+oered in e%onomi%, so%ia&, +sy%ho&ogi%a& and +o&iti%a&

as+e%ts hen %om+ared others. /en%e the res+ondents from other se%tors shou&d (e fo%used tomake them mu%h em+oered. here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen in%ome generation,

%ontri(ution to house ho&d in%ome, +arti%i+ation in house ho&d finan%ia& de%ision, and

im+ro"ement in standard of &i"ing (efore and after mi%rofinan%e. /en%e a regu&ar monitoring andfo&&o u+ of mi%ro %redit a%ti"ities and moti"ating them to start a mi%ro:enter+rise i&& great&y

inf&uen%e the e%onomi% em+oerment of omen and a&so he&+ in eradi%ation of +o"erty.

here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen %hange in so%ia& status, aareness a(out so%ia&issues, and in"o&"ement in so%ia& issues at &o%a&ity (efore and after mi%rofinan%e. So the grou+

mem(ers shou&d (e en%ouraged to a%ti"e&y take +art in "arious so%ia& a%ti"ities hi%h i&& (ring

a definite im+ro"ement and %hange in their so%ia& status. here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen

im+ro"ement in (asi% house ho&d fa%i&ities, a(i&ity to so&"e fami&y re&ated +ro(&ems (efore andafter mi%rofinan%e. /en%e mi%rofinan%e enhan%es the omen to (e em+oered in fami&ia&

as+e%ts. he S/# mem(ers shou&d (e in"o&"ed grou+ a%ti"ities hi%h i&& im+ro"e their

fami&ia&= inter+ersona& %a+a(i&ity. here is signifi%ant differen%e (eteen attainment of kno&edge and ski&&s, de%ision making %a+a(i&ity and a(i&ity to ta%k&e fami&y +ro(&ems (efore

and after mi%rofinan%e. Sin%e most of the mem(ers ha"e edu%ation on&y u+ to s%hoo&ing &e"e&,

edu%ationa& +rograms %an (e %ondu%ted hi%h in turn i&& further em+oer them +sy%ho&ogi%a&&y.

.!% +onclusion and $uture implications o$ research


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Mi%rofinan%e has the +otentia& to ha"e a +oerfu& im+a%t on omen?s em+oerment. A&though

mi%rofinan%e is not a&ays em+oering for a&& omen, most omen do e>+erien%e some degree

of em+oerment as a resu&t. ;m+oerment is a %om+&e> +ro%ess of %hange that is e>+erien%ed (y a&& indi"idua&s somehat different&y. Strengthening omen?s finan%ia& (ase and e%onomi%

%ontri(ution to their fami&ies and %ommunities +&ays a ro&e in em+oering them. )n some %ases,

a%%ess to %redit may (e the on&y in+ut needed to start omen on the road to em+oerment. hisstudy re"ea&s that the omen in Se&f /e&+ #rou+s in 3hidam(aram a&uk 3hidam(aram !r(an,

3hidam(aram Rura&, Va&&am+adugai, 9attumannarkoi& has a %onsidera(&e im+ro"ement in the

as+e%ts of e%onomi% em+oerment, de%ision making em+oerment, so%ia& em+oerment,fami&ia& em+oerment, +sy%ho&ogi%a& em+oerment and +o&iti%a& em+oerment.

)n s+e%ifi% there is a (etter im+ro"ement in %ontri(ution to househo&d in%ome, +arti%i+ation in

house ho&d finan%ia& de%isions, im+ro"ement in standard of &i"ing, de%ision making on fami&y (udgeting and +ur%hase of house ho&d items, %hange in so%ia& status, in"o&"ement in so%ia&

issues, fami&y re&ationshi+, a(i&ity to so&"e fami&y re&ated +ro(&ems, se&f:%onfiden%e, kno&edge

and ski&&s, and interest to de"e&o+ &eadershi+ -ua&ities. $ut there are some key issues regarding

the uti&i0ation of mi%rofinan%e (y the S/# mem(ers. Most of the mem(ers ha"e the +ra%ti%e of using the &oan amount main&y for their domesti%=house ho&d +ur+oses rather than using it for

mi%ro:entre+reneuria& +ur+ose. /en%e, initiati"e shou&d (e taken to en%ourage mem(ers of theS/# to in"o&"e in entre+reneuria& a%ti"ities hi%h i&& not on&y im+ro"e the indi"idua&

em+oerment (ut a&so to the groth of the %ountry. )n future resear%her shou&d do resear%h to

e>+&ore the moti"ationa& fa%tors hi%h s+e%ifi%a&&y moti"ates the se&f:he&+ grou+ mem(ers to (e%ome a su%%essfu& entre+reneur.

Re$erences

Ak+a(io, ). A. 266@.


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Marie Antoinette Pata&agsa, P. S. 2617. Soing seeds of em+oermentC effe%t of omen?s

home garden training in $ang&adesh. atala*sa et al# A*ric + ood Secur , 1:16.

Pa&, S. 2618. 3om+arati"e study on de%ision making +oer of se&f he&+ grou+ and non:se&f he&+

grou+ omen in re&ation to farm a%ti"ities. International Journal Of A*ricultural Extension, !1, 21:25.

Reena, R. 9. 2618. A 3om+arati"e Ana&ysis of

employee engagement on rural sectors

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