employment and the autism spectrum: vocational guidance for individuals with asperger’s syndrome...
TRANSCRIPT
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Employment and the Autism Spectrum: Vocational Guidance for Individuals withAsperger’s Syndrome
Barbara Bissonnette, Principal, Forward Motion CoachingIAEVG Conference, 6514, Quebec City, Quebec
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Employment: A Timely Topic
•Almost half of young adults with autism who are employed earn < $7.25 /hour; work < 20 hours per week
•In 2009, 33% of young adults with autism had jobs vs. 59% of all young adults with disabilities
(Source: Standifer, W. Scott (2011) Fact Sheet on Autism Employment. University of Missouri, Disability Policy & Studies)
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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About Me•Barbara Bissonnette, Principal, Forward
Motion Coaching•Career development coaching for adults
with Asperger’s Syndrome•Consultation and training for
organizations▫Finding Employment that Works for
Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome: training seminar for professionals
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
Motion Coaching
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My Books
The Complete Guide to Getting a Job for People with Asperger’s Syndrome
Asperger’s Syndrome Workplace Survival Guide, A Neurotypical’s Secrets for Success
Helping Adults with Asperger’s Syndrome Get & Stay Hired: Career Coaching Strategies for Professionals and Parents of Adults on the Autism Spectrum (Dec. 2014)
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Today’s Topics
•What is Asperger’s Syndrome•How Asperger’s Impacts Employment•Guiding Individuals to the Right Job or
Career
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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What is Asperger’s Syndrome?(autism spectrum disorder)
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The Autism Spectrum is Broad
Classic (Kanner’
s) Autism
Asperger’s
Syndrome
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Heterogeneous Population
•Individuals vary widely in their abilities, challenges, need of support
•Don’t all experience the same symptoms, to the same degree
•Some have trouble with entry-level jobs; others earn $100k+▫Same patterns of difficulties
•Majority of my clients seeking/in competitive employment
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Asperger’s or Autism?
•In the DSM-5, Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer an official diagnosis
•Now autism spectrum disorder Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
•In the ICD-10: International Statistical Classifications of Diseases (World Health Organization) Asperger’s is a separate diagnosis
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Basic Diagnostic Criteria
•Social interaction▫Reciprocal relationships
•Communication▫Pragmatics▫Nonverbal communication
•Restricted/repetitive patterns behavior, interests, activities (e.g. reliance on routines, special interests, sensory reactivity)
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A Different Hardwiring of the Brain
Neurotypical Asperger’s Syndrome. .
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Communication: Perspective Taking
•Inferring what other people are thinking/feeling
•Recognizing situational context•Interpreting nonverbal communication
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Nonverbal Communication & Context
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The Search for Meaning (big picture)
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Summary: Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome Have Difficulty•Initiating interpersonal interaction with
others•Quickly recognizing situational context
and adjusting their behavior accordingly•Recognizing and interpreting nonverbal
communication (internal states of others; implied expectations)
•Coping with novel situations (prefer routines)
•Focus on parts, not the whole (miss the big picture or “gist” of a situation)
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Impact of Asperger’s at WorkCopyright 2014, Barbara
Bissonnette, Forward Motion Coaching
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Primary Impact at Work
•Interpersonal communication•Sensory processing•Managing time and resources
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Communication Challenges
•Literal: miss implied expectations; humor/ sarcasm
•Too honest and direct▫Unintentionally offend others
•Black & white thinking•Difficulty engaging with others
▫Eye contact, small talk▫Working on a team
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Sensory Processing
•May be hyper- or hypo-sensitive to noise, odors, sights, tactile sensations
•Auditory processing problems
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Restricted Interests/Routines
•Difficulty adapting to change•Focusing on too few details, or the wrong
details▫Misunderstanding the nature on an
occupation•Rigid adherence to routines
▫E.g. not working overtime, ever
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Executive Function Challenges
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Executive Function Difficulty
•Unsure of how to begin tasks•Poor concept of time (e.g. how long task
will/should take)•Poor short-term (working) memory•Reduced ability to plan and prioritize•Reduced ability to multitask•Keeps doing what isn’t working
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If There are EF Problems
•Avoid occupations that require speed, multitasking, dealing with novel situations, organizational ability
•Job seekers will need assistance planning activities, following up, etc.
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Finding the Right Fit
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In a World of Multitasking Generalists…
…these are the technicians, specialists &
experts
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Strengths of the ‘Asperger Mind’
* Logical and analytic * Detail oriented * Accurate, methodical * Focused *
Specialized expertise * Creative * Loyal * Tolerant of routine
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No “Short List” of Right JobsTechnical writerCreative writerEditorProduction managerGraphic artistCommercial artistTeacher PhysicistSupply chain managerSales managerNurseLibrarian
Skilled tradesWarehouse Computer programmerEngineer Data entryAccountantLawyerParalegalAdmin assistantRetail sales associatePhysicianMeteorologist
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Four Factors
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1. Interests
2. Skills
3. Work Environment
4. Impact of AS
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1. Interests
•Special interests do not necessarily translate into gainful employment
•Be mindful of restricted interests in autism
• .
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Probe Interests
•What does the individual envision himself doing on the job?
•Interest doesn’t equal capability▫What are the tasks? ▫What skills are required?
•Match to realities of local job market•Individual’s important work criteria
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The Direct Path May Be the Best Path
•Consider college degrees that prepare the individual for a specific job
•Vocational programs
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2. Talents and Skills
•Abilities and skills that can be reasonably acquired
•Neuropsychological evaluation
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3. Work Environment• At least some elements of routine• Structure; clear performance
expectations• Minimal interruptions/multitasking• Supportive co-workers• Not too much pressure• Quiet workspace/minimal
distractions • Right level of social interaction
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4. Personal Impact of AS
•Two categories of limitations▫Those that can be mitigated
Learn/develop skills Assistive technology Accommodations
▫Those that can’t be changed Steer individuals away from jobs that would be difficult or impossible
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Working with these Students/Clients
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Establish Rapport
•Frame AS as different brain processing•Be the bridge to the neurotypical (NT)
world▫Fitting in does not mean changing who you
are▫How would an NT interpret words/actions
•Acknowledge and validate their point of view▫Others do not see how hard the person
works •Frame change as an experiment
Copyright 2012, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Be Specific
•Break tasks into small steps•Write it down!•Check for understanding•Avoid jargon and abstract concepts
e.g. Don’t talk about “branding”•Practice, practice, practice
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Resistance or Asperger’s?
•Looks away; doesn’t smile▫Not aware of nonverbal communication
•Poor follow through▫Tasks too large▫Steps not clear▫Literal interpretation▫Can’t remember verbal instructions▫Anxiety▫Doesn’t know why task is important
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Resistance, or Asperger’s (con’t)•Silence; every answer is, “I don’t know”
▫Person really doesn’t know what to say or how to do something
•Rejects every suggestion▫Rigid thinking▫Perseveration▫Discomfort with change
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Career Research & Job Search
•Focus on actual jobs in field: tasks, skills, work environment
•Help individual see options•Do not assume s/he can translate
information from books/Web sites to his situation
•Control the flow of information•Choose manageable job search activities
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Career Research & Job Search
•Recognize that interviewing is a BIG social event!
•Many unspoken expectations▫Greeting the interviewer
Look at person, shake hands, SMILE▫Small talk in the elevator▫Knowing where to sit▫Knowing when to leave
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
Motion Coaching
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Career Research & Job Search
•Explain the meaning of interview questions
•For job seekers:▫Clarify exact job titles, industries, location▫Decode the language of postings
19 months vs. 2 years experience Required vs. preferred Multitasking and “good people skills”
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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Creating Employment Opportunities
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Businesses are Utilizing Specialist Skills•SAP AG: international software
corporation▫By 2020, 1% of workforce will be
individuals on autism spectrum ▫Software testing, documentation, business
process analysts▫Not a charitable initiative
Filling STEM positions
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CollaborationSAP Job
Openings
Voc Rehab Office
Qualified Candidates
Training at SAP
Hiring Decision
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
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SummaryCopyright 2014, Barbara
Bissonnette, Forward Motion Coaching
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Employment & Asperger’s
•Encourage thorough career research•Look at an individuals interests, abilities,
right work environment and impact of AS•Consider post-secondary training that
prepares person for a specific occupation•Educate employers about utilizing
strengths
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Motion Coaching
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Free Resources from Forward Motion Coaching•Employer’s Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome•Workplace Disclosure Strategies for
Individuals w/ Asperger’s Syndrome•Getting Hired: Strategies for Individuals
with Asperger’s Syndrome•Asperger’s & NLD Career Letter (monthly
newsletter w/ employment topics)
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Contact Information
Barbara Bissonnette, PrincipalForward Motion Coaching
In-person & telephone coaching Training & consultations
Stow, MATel: 978-298-5186
Email: [email protected]: www.ForwardMotion.info
Copyright 2014, Barbara Bissonnette, Forward
Motion Coaching