employment generation higher...
TRANSCRIPT
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
HIGHER EDUCATION
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Sri G. Sudhir Prl Secretary, Higher Education
STRATEGY PAPER ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
INTRODUCTION:
In most parts of world the level of unemployment and under employment remains
high and India is no exception. Though unemployment rate of 6.67 in Andhra
Pradesh as per NSS0 data may looks small under employment is a matter of
concern. Unemployment rate among educated is higher (7.3) than the
unemployment rate of the illiterate. There are about 31 lakh job seekers
registered in employment exchanges in the State of Andhra Pradesh. A large
chunk of them (57%) 18.00 lakh people are without any skills. About 50,000
professional Postgraduates, 5,62,167 educated skilled are also awaiting jobs in
organized sector. Population explosion, growth of labour force,
underemployment, illiteracy, unskilled persons, globalization of world economy
are some of the concerns before us.
Rapid globalization and fast-paced technological progress also pose new challenges.
The increased competition and economic change that result from the combined forces
of global economic integration and technological advance can cause instability and
difficulties in maintaining the employability of large segments of a country’s labour
force. At the same time, the new economic forces provide, new opportunities for
economic growth and expansion of employment. The level and quality of skills of a
nation are becoming critical factors in taking advantage of the opportunities thrown
open by the rapid technological changes and more open economy.
A country’s economic performance depends critically on access to and the adoption of
new technology and improving the skills of labour force.
In the face of this rapid globalization and competitive pressures we have greater need
to invest in the skill development and training of our work force.
In view of these far-reaching developments, both enhancing the education and skill
levels of workers and finding the most effective means of doing are gaining central
importance in economic, business and employment strategies in worldwide. A general
consensus is emerging that one of the keys to a productive and competitive economy
in the new millennium is a well-trained and adaptable work force.
To meet this changing demand for skills successfully, the development of more
responsive training systems and institutions must be given the highest priority.
For labour markets to minimize unemployment, workers need to be able to
transfer between jobs with updated and enhanced skills. For instance, the labour
force in agriculture sector may have to be provided opportunities for employment
in the industries & services sector.
CURRENT STATUS
Dimensions of the employment problem: It is desirable to take note of various dimensions of employment scenario to
tackle the unemployment situation effectively. Hence, rates of unemployment in
different states, urban-rural profile, status of unemployment in men and women
and sector wise analysis of unemployment is given below;
Unemployment rates in major states
Sl. State Percentage of labour No. force unemployment 1. Andhra Pradesh 6.67
2. Assam 7.96
3. Bihar 6.25
4. Gujarat 5.73
5. Haryana 6.59
6. Karnataka 4.89
7. Kerala 15.50
8. Madhya Pradesh (undivided) 3.42
9. Maharashtra 4.97
10. Orissa 7.28
11. Punjab 3.08
12. Tamilnadu 11.44
13. West Bengal 9.87
ALL INDIA 6.03
Source: NSSO Status of unemployment
Urban-rural profile of men & women job seekers
Total No.of job seekers : 31,15,609
Total No.of urban job seekers : 10,91,138 Urban/Men : 7,71,013 Urban / Women : 3,20,125
Total no.of Rural Job-seekers : 20,24,471
Rural / Men : 16,29,849 (52% of 31 lakhs) Rural / Women : 3,94,622 (12% of 31 lakhs) Women job-seekers happen to be more in the rural areas Note: Information furnished by Director, Employment, Andhra Pradesh as on 31.10.2001
Broad categories of job seekers 1. Professional & Post Graduates : 47,259
2. General educated : 18,81,954
3. Skilled : 5,74,423
4. Teaching : 1,30,763
5. Other educated : 1,44,961
6. Unskilled & illiterate : 3,36,249
Largest category is General educated who constituted 60% of the Live Register Note: Information furnished by Director, Employment, Andhra Pradesh as
on 31.10.2001 Sector wise analysis of unemployment
S.No. Category
Total as on 31.10.2001
1. Engineering 15,877 2. Medical 2,196 3. Agriculture 1,971 4. Veterinary 212 5. Postgraduates 17,805 6. Other P & E 10,076 7. Graduates 3,24,598 8. Matriculates 10,98,717 9. Intermediates 4,58,639
10. Polytechnics 79,494 11. It is 2,40,457 12. B.Eds 104935 13. SGBT/TTC 25,828 14. Stenos 23,340 15. Typists 2,31,132 16. Other educated 4,69,559 17. Unskilled 3,36,249
TOTAL 27,79,360 Unskilled 3,36,249 Gross Total 31,15,609
Source: Director, Employment, Andhra Pradesh
The limitation of the data provided by Director, Employment is – person
employed in private sector continue to be on employment rolls.
ANDHRA PRADESH VISION 2020 As per the goals laid down in the Vision 2020 document, Andhra Pradesh's
people will be able to look forward to exciting opportunities in a flourishing
economy with thriving agriculture, industry and services sectors. If they live in
rural areas, they will earn profitable livelihoods from a revitalized agriculture
sector, find jobs on poultry farms, food processing or fisheries units, or be able to
set up their own small scale enterprises. If they live in cities, they will be able to
work in exports firms, garments manufacturing enterprises construction & real
estate companies, travel agencies tourism offices and software development
firms among many others. In both Villages & cities, they will be able to set up
retail outlets, restaurants and other such services. To equip them to be
successful in their jobs and business, they will have to access to knowledge and
training through vocational education and skill building institutions and the
benefits of technology transfer and small technologies.
A.P.economy will have to be stimulated to grow by 9 – 10% a year, on an
average, in real terms for the next 25 years. The average per capita income will
need to increase 9 times, with incomes for the poor growing much more rapidly.
The current per capita income ($ 444 = Rs.19980) is one of the lowest for India,
occupying 99th rank in the world. Population growth will have to be contained at
less than 1% (0.8%) in a year. At least 18-20 million new jobs have to be
created by 2020 in various sectors of economy.
Each major sector of the economy – agriculture, industry and services will have
to grow strongly. Agriculture will have to quadruple in size and grow at an
average rate of 6% a year. Industry will grow to 13 times to its current size and
achieve an annual growth of 11 per cent. The service sector will need to expand
almost 16 times its current size and grow at the rate of 12 per cent a year.
To realize the goals envisaged in the Vision 2020 document the following thrust
areas have been identified as growth engines.
Growth engines
Natural Resource
Management
Industry Service
Poultry Construction IT Dairy Mining Tourism Horticulture Pharmacy Small Scale Services Rice Small Scale Industries Logistics (Coastline)
Fisheries Labour Intensive & Export oriented Industries (Garment/ leather.
Knowledge based Functionaries
Forestry Education Watershed Development
Infrastructure Health Care
The growth engines build on the state’s strength; it has the potential to create
great economic impact; it can capture opportunities created by global trends.
Sectors like construction industry, trade and commerce, transport, storage and
communications and other services like information technology, tourism,
logistics, small scale services, biotechnology, health care and education provide
large-scale employment.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
With a view to address all these issues a Cabinet Sub-Committee on
employment generation was constituted by the Govt.of A.P., for operationalising
the objectives envisaged in the A.P.Vision 2020 document with regard to
employment generation schemes and manpower planning. Cabinet Sub-
Committee recommended to follow mission based approach to coordinate
activities of all concerned departments in employment generation and manpower
planning to guide the investments across the agriculture, industries and service
sector of the state economy to ensure generation of opportunities for
employment (Wage employment, Self Employment and entrepreneurship
development) and enable desired manpower generation through institutional
development. Accordingly an Employment Generation Mission has been
constituted by the Govt.of A.P., vide G.O.No.117, Dated11.08.2000, Higher
Education (HE) Department. The Chief Minister of A.P.,as Chairman of the
Employment Generation Mission will be assisted by the Secretary, Higher
Education as Vice-Chairman, eminent personalities drawn from various sections,
Principal Secretaries / Secretaries of the Departments concerned, Heads of the
Departments and vice-chancellors of a few Universities.
The Objectives of the Employment Generation Mission are; a) To develop a vision and strategy for employment generation and to
prepare a time bound action plan for implementation of the same.
b) To suggest measures to derive synergy of the plans and Programmes of various departments working directly or indirectly for employment generation.
c) To advise on institutional and organizational mechanism for effective implementation of the action plan for employment generation.
d) To regularly monitor and oversee employment generation action plans in the State and advise on the future steps to be taken.
e) To initiate public debate on important policy issues related to employment generation and build consensus for policy reforms related to it.
f) To advise on Human Resource Development through institution building and suggest a frame work for optimum utilization of the infrastructure available for training on a continuous basis and identify fresh requirements of infrastructure and the resources for training.
g) To facilitate manpower planning in key sectors of the economy.
h) To identify and advise on the regulatory aspects of training.
STRATEGY:
1. The Government will act as a facilitator 2. Identify and prioritize key sectors with employment potential and
ensure successful implementation.
3. Create favourable environment for private sector participation.
INITIATIVES:
The Overseas employment opportunities are increasing day by day for those who
have proficiency in English language and computer education. There are
thousands of graduates and post graduates available unemployed. By improving
their proficiency in English and computer education, their employment
opportunities can be enhanced greatly. Present training facilities of I.T.Is.,
Polytechnics and Universities can be utilized more effectively for this purpose.
Certificate courses (part time and full time) can be introduced for English as well
as Japanese, German and French languages. Training of the trainers in these
languages can be undertaken by Indian Institute of Information Technology
(IIIT), Centre for English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) etc. Similarly
certificate courses (6 months to 1 year), part time or full time in computer
education can be introduced in all Industrial Training Institutions (I T Is.,)
Polytechnics, Universities to make optimum use of resources available. Out
sourcing the resource persons can be done on contractual basis. National
Institute of Information Technology (NIIT), Andhra Pradesh Technology
(APTECH) etc can be associated for preparing common syllabus, conducting
examinations and awarding certificates.
Vocational stream:
Vocational education courses were introduced long back in the state and there is at present 55,000 seats in vocational courses and 15,000 students are availing the opportunities each year. World over vocational education is gaining importance over the conventional education systems. There is a little demand for unskilled or less skilled persons in the modern, fast growing, competitive and technological world. The reason for under utilization of the seats is due to the erroneous impression that the courses are not suited for those who are interested in higher studies. There is an unrealistic aspiration on the part of about three lakh intermediate students and their parents to become doctors or engineers only. Therefore it is less likely that the students studying intermediate and those who have passed intermediate opt for vocational courses. There is a possibility of introducing vocational subjects in conventional courses to make them more popular. Nomenclature of vocational education courses could also be changed to some other attractive and acceptable form to erase the stigma attached.
Industry Institution link up would have to be strengthened. Vocational courses
would have to be redesigned to suit to the ever-increasing market demands.
Provision may have to be made to the failed students of matriculation to
provisionally admit them in the vocational courses.
Increasing the availability of skilled manpower:
To increase skilled manpower and grab the opportunities available within the
country and globally the following initiatives have been taken up:
Degree colleges: At the graduate level the students enrollment is generally more into the
conventional courses. The main thrust to day is to shift 60% of the students from
the general category to the job oriented courses to get more job opportunities or
self-employment opportunities. At present 49 restructured subjects are devised
and introduced in about 100-degree colleges in the state.
Capacity expansion in Technical education institutions:
Year No of Polytechnics Intake 2001-2002 103 17860 2004-2005 -- 35920
Expansion of technical education at the degree level: The State Government has taken initiative to liberalize the policy for sanction of engineering colleges. It is the policy of the Government to encourage setting up of private institutions for the development of technical education. A decision was taken to sanction the colleges in the uncovered areas of the state. The state has witnessed a tremendous growth in the facilities for the engineering education at degree level as shown in the following table.
Year No. of Engineering
colleges
Intake
2001-2002 105 27133 2004-2005 245 70768
Growth in information technology education:
Year No. of engineering
colleges
No. of engineering seats in IT
2001-2002 105 18041 2004-2005 245 36287
Increasing the strength in medical and paramedical institutions: Number of medical colleges went up to 14 and number of dental colleges has
been increased to 3 increasing the strength of medical students to 2551 and
strength of dental students to 180
Further it has been decided to increase the strength of medical colleges and dental colleges. The number of nursing and paramedical institutions is 420 producing annually
21180 trained nurses in the Government sector and another 4610 in private
nursing colleges, which are likely to be doubled by 2005.
Expansion of professional education: As a result of the pro-active policy adopted by the government, the state has
witnessed an impressive growth in the facilities for MBA/MCA education as
shown in the table below;
Year No. of MBA colleges
Intake No. of MCA colleges
Intake
2001-2002 108 4600 152 6085 2004-2005 222 9413 326 12863
The consortium of Universities and Institutions in Andhra Pradesh is offering two-
year Master of Science in I.T.programme, which is an inter-disciplinary, post-
graduate programme that will use sophisticated educational technology and will
be delivered through learning centers with well equiped electronic class rooms in
IT and engineering institutions in the State, with the collaboration of Carnegie
Mellon University.
It has been contemplated to introduce computer education in 1000 schools in
near future to make the students computer literates right from school education.
It is proposed to introduce computer education in all the colleges and liberalize
the admission procedures to enable the students to access computer education.
Employment opportunities in primary education:
The State Government has taken several steps to improve the status of literacy
and providing education to all. Large number of school buildings have been
constructed under the District Primary Education Programme. Government has
been paying utmost attention to primary education and provided employment to
about 1.50 lakh qualified youth as teachers and vidya volunteers in the last 6
years.
There is a demand for school teachers and there is a scope for employment
opportunities for the qualified unemployed graduates in the field of primary
education.
Employment potential in Industries and infrastructure sector. Among the growth engines, infrastructure will create highest economic impact
and employment generation in the short term. Raising the living standards of the
people would place an increasing demand for power, water, drainage, roads,
mass rapid transport in both rural and urban areas.
Creation of hardware parks, International school, special economic zones, ports,
International airport at Hyderabad and Vizag, Hyderabad-Vijayawada and several
other road highways, major bridges, Hyderabad water supply and sewerage
treatment project will provide large scale employment opportunities to illiterate
and literate, unskilled, semiskilled and skilled workers.
The state would build dedicated industrial estates for bulk drugs and formulations
and facilitate the establishment of specialized educational institutions in medical
science and biotechnology.
Careful exploitation of the rich mineral wealth would create thriving and
sustainable mining industry and generate sizeable employment opportunities and
income for the quarry workers and to those working in the processing of
minerals. Service Sector: Andhra Pradesh will have a thriving service sector that contributes to 60% of the
state’s gross domestic products (GSDP) and is a major generator of new, higher
value added jobs in the economy.
To achieve an annual growth rate of 12% in the service sector the state will focus
on the growth engines like information technology, knowledge based services,
tourism, logistics, small-scale services, health care and education. Private
investment is a major thrust on the advanced IT education, IT infrastructure
including KU band digital connectivity, electronic governance applications,
locating world class IT companies and bringing IT to the service of the people.
Small-scale services: Small-scale services sector provides a large opportunity for widespread
employment generation. Many services such as local transportation, restaurants,
retail outlets, travel agencies, packaging, publication, hair / beauty care,
carpentry, laundry services, local advertising and promotional agencies etc., are
growing rapidly in the state. Rural women in the self help groups whose mobility
is limited by their role as primary producers and caretakers of the family will have
an opportunity to pursue the activities in this sector.
Multipurpose service centres in rural areas: To provide quality services it is proposed to set up multipurpose service centre
catering to the requirement of the population in 4 – 5 villages. In these service
centres activities like grain transportation or fertilizer retailing, which are related
to agriculture and industries sector would be taken up. Semi-autonomous
services like laundry, hair styling and beauty care, multipurpose mechanics for
the repair of electric and electronic household appliances, LPG stoves,
agriculture machinery and equipment, biogas plants, carpentary, mason, bar
bending, plumbing etc., would be taken up.
Employment opportunities in IT enabled services:
IT enabled services could be the next big window opportunity for Andhra
Pradesh. According to McKInsey & Co the global IT enabled services
opportunity by the year 2020 would range from US $ 755 billion to US $ 1.3
trillion. This could translate into 5 million jobs for the state and an increase of US
$80 billion to the state’s gross domestic product by the year 2020.
Andhra Pradesh will aggressively position itself as a destination of choice for IT
enabled services. Already the state is setting up a high-speed digital backbone
by involving the private sector. This backbone will support data speeds ranging
from one terabit to 1 pectabit per second. The state is also taking steps to link up
with international gateways to provide world-class global connectivity. This
infrastructure will enable the out-location of a large number of back-office
operations that are currently being done in the West. Companies like General
Electric and HSBC have set up their back-office in Hyderabad. Similarly, units
like electronics are presently engaged in medical transcription services with
operations located in Hyderabad. The possibility of a quantum jump in the
location of such services in the state will be exploited through a concerted
strategy focusing on world-class connectivity and a highly skilled workforce.
Andhra Pradesh aims at revamping existing training programmes in order to
sharply focus on creating a reservoir of skilled manpower to address the
requirements of the IT enabled services industry. The state’s current advantage
in contributing 23 percent of India’s software professionals will be leveraged to
gain a competitive advantage in the area of IT enabled services.
Role of Banks: It is expected that the banks would come forward to assess the performance of
the candidates undergoing training in vocational courses and extend financial
assistance for self-employment and setting up micro enterprises.
The issue of financial assistance to the trained personnel can be regularly reviewed in State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC), District Consultative Committee (DCC) and Joint Mandal Level Bankers Committee (JMLBC). The new role of employment exchanges:
Employment exchanges would work as counselling centers. District employment officers would function as vocational and career counselling
officers and district employment offices would be made as career counseling
centers. District Employment Officer would work in close coordination with the
Project Director, District Rural Development Agency for implementing the training
programmes in the Training & Technology Development Centres (TTDCs) in
accordance with the policies laid by the Employment Generation Mission. Dr.
M.C.R. HRD institute would devise a training programme to enable the district
employment officers to discharge their role as career counselling officers.
Self-employment and entrepreneurship development to Self-help groups:
3.2 Current status of Self-employment schemes:
S.NO.
Department Scheme / Activity Physical Target
1. SGSY SGSY * 1,06,2. Industries PMRY * 33,3. APSTEP CMEY(Group-15 No) 1,34,4. KVIB Self – Employment 5,5. SERP DPIP 8,6. APSCFC DPIP 20,7. BC Corporation NBCFDC etc., 15,8. Miniorities Welfare Corp. APP, SEP, CMEY etc 25,9. MA & UD USEP 15,10. MA & UD DWCUA 2,09, Total 5,72,
* Centrally sponsored schemes
Delay in provision of credit, underfinancing of the unit, lack of power connections
& lack of linkages like marketing etc., resulting in poor repayment of loans by the
beneficiaries are some of the shortcomings.
Introduction of backend subsidy, provision of working capital and consumption
loans through the SHG linkages schemes fully refinanced by NABARD improves
the utilization and repayment of loans and retention of the units by the
beneficiaries.
In the next 4 – 5 years most of the women and youth in the below the poverty line
(BPL) families will take advantage of the self-help movement. The organized
groups of men and women are increasingly accessing financial assistance from
the banks. So far they have availed Rs.100 crores of assistance. Setting up of
viable self-employment projects, earning additional incomes have resulted in
increased repayment of bank loans. An atmosphere of mutual trust has been
built between self-help groups and banks. Women SHGs handle a business of
Rs. 1000 crores and take up 400 varieties of income generating activities. Value
addition to the products, packaging, branding and increased marketing
opportunities, involvement of the private / corporate sector for enhancing the
marketing opportunities through partnership models, establishing marketing
platforms (DWCRA Bazaars), access to modern technologies and tools,
imparting skill development training are some of the efforts taken up through
convergence approach.
Establishing Centers of excellence:
Various strategies are contemplated to develop the centres of excellence.
Cluster development is one such strategy to focus the development of a few
centres of excellence like apparel export park at Gundlapochampally, Medchal
Mandal in Rangareddy District. Currently this park is providing employment to
1000 youth and has a potential to provide employment to 30,000 people. 15
more such parks are likely to come up in the backward areas of the state in the
next 4 – 5 years.
Technology inputs:
Swami Ramananda Teertha Rural Institute (SRTRI) has been set up at
Jalalpur, Bhoodan Pochampally Mandal, which acts as a nodal agency for skill
upgradation of rural youth, establishing rural technologies display centre,
networking rural marketing and establishing entrepreneurship development
centre.
Training and Technology Development Centres (TTDCs) have been
established in all the rural districts to impart and coordinate training needs of the
women and youth. TTDCs would establish suitable linkages with employment
and career counselling centres to look in to the training requirement of
unemployed women and youth.
Increasing the productivity and employment in the dairy sector:
Current status of the employment in Dairy Industry is 5.67 lakh in cooperative &
1.90 lakh in private sector is likely to increase to 10.93 lakh in cooperative & 7.31
lakh in private sector by 2005.
To improve the genetic profile and productivity of milch animals Gopalamithra - a
self-employment programme for about 5000 rural youth has been launched.
There will be an additional milk production of 10 lakh tonnes per year, which will
provide indirect employment to 4 lakh persons.
Wage employment schemes:
To provide 100 days Wage employment to the rural poor, Employment assurance scheme and Swarnajayanthi Grama Samrudhi Yojana Scheme
with an annual investment of about Rs. 82.00 crores and Rs.116.00 crores
respectively are under implementation. These schemes would generate about
97.00 lakh and 116.00 lakh mandays of employment respectively. However,
there is a scope for further improvement in employment generation in rural areas.
The range of issues pertaining to this are addressed in the white papers on
poverty eradication and neer-meeru.
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:
State is endowed with rich natural resources, which play an important role in
achieving large-scale employment generation. Govt.of A.P.is committed to the
Integrated natural & human resources development with sustainable
development, which is the ultimate objective for Swarnandhra Pradesh.
Main features of the strategy are:
- Conservation & development, - Maximization of production and - Sustained growth with people’s participation Listed below are some of the initiatives already taken: ! Integrated watershed development has been taken up in 1995. In 5472
watersheds covering 27.6 lakhs ha. with an investment of Rs.580 crores
! 10-year action plan ( 1997 – 2006) for developing 100 lakhs ha. of
wasteland with Rs.3500 crores investment has been launched.
! Joint Forest Management - over 15.0 lakh people including 6.0 lakh women
are managing 16.32 lakh ha. forest area under Joint Forest Management.
Forest sector can alone generate 500 lakh man-days in a year. Non-timber
forest products (NTFP) could provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to
rural poor.
! Value addition to NTFP, like tendu leaf, adda leaf, tamarind, brooms,
growing medicinal plants in JFM areas are some of initiatives already taken.
Agricultue - A.P.is rice bowl of India and the economy continues to be primarily
agro-based.
New Initiatives in agriculture:
- Promoting food processing units, - Providing internal & external export marketing facilities for the agriculture produce, - Promoting strong extension system and -Community training approach and agriculture service centers provide
employment opportunities. Horticulture - Horticulture crop is spread over in 13.12 lakh ha.
Dry land horticulture & agri-horticulture in rain fed areas have to be encouraged
to over come droughts.
At present, this sector provides 3697 lakh man-days at the rate of 12 persons per
ha. and it is expected to be increased by 4784 lakh man-days by 2005.
Sericulture - It is an important agri-based cottage industry. At present, mulberry
cultivation is spread over 1.06 lakh ha. and with an estimated out put cost of
about Rs.800.00 crores. The cropped area is likely to increase & go up to 1.33
lakh ha. by 2005. One acre of sericulture crop is likely to provide employment to
15 people in farm & non-farm activities.
Poultry - A.P. is the largest egg producing State and accounts 1/3rd for the
country’s egg production. The State is expected to be the largest supplier of low
cost quality eggs & broilers in the Nation and also spearheading the country’s
poultry exports. Current level of employment generation is 2.60 lakh and is
expected to increase to 3.64 lakh by 2005.
Sheep - Current level of Sheep population is 12.74 crores and is likely to
increase to 16.55 crores by 2005. Current level of employment is 4.65 lakh and it
is likely to increase to 6.56 lakh by 2005. Introducing non-farm activities like
removal of wool, preparation yarn, weaving & carding using modern technologies
would provide large-scale employment to rural women & youth.
Leather Parks – Government of Andhra Pradesh proposed to setup a Leather
Export Park in and around Hyderabad and also Mini Leather Parks in the State.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh in collaboration with Government of
India and the UNDP has set up a Leather Training- cum- common facility center
and Foot-wear design center at Hyderabad for training of manpower for the
Industry and for providing access to latest international fasions to the
manufacturer exporers. Standardization, quality testing and CAD/ CAM facilities
for pattern- grading are the additional services provided by the centre.
Tourism - The labour to capital in the tourism sector is one of the highest. One-
million rupee investment in tourism creates jobs for 48 people compared to 45 in
agriculture & 13 in manufacturing sector activities. Services like tourist guides,
ticketing & travel agencies, car hire, small-scale services like restaurants etc.,
would be promoted to provide employment opportunities to youth.
Goods produced by artisans / SHG could be exhibited in the sale counters
located in the important tourist areas.
Current status of employment is 8.89 lakh and it is likely to increase to 11.25 lakh
by 2005.
Tourism & travel technique course is proposed to be introduced at intermediate
and graduate level as a vocational course for generating self-employment
opportunities in the tourism sector.
Employment in construction industry
Construction industry has a potential to absorb surplus labour from agriculture.
Nirmithi kendras of Housing Corporation - These centres train rural unskilled
& unskilled workers as masons, carpenters. These centres could be converted
as Training cum Production Centres (TCPC) for construction activity in rural
areas. Nirmithi Kendras could be established at the divisional level. Every
Nirmithi Kendra could also have a Rural sanitary mart to supply materials for
Rural sanitation schemes / other units.
Role of National Academy of Construction (NAC) - To take care of the
qualitative and quantitative needs of urban housing / construction needs National
academy of construction has been established at Hyderabad. Infrastructure and employment - Infrastructure projects like ports, Airports,
roads, buildings, industries etc., have a good employment potential. Employment
opportunities available in this sector are discussed in the strategy paper on
infrastructure.
Launching of Poverty reduction & Water conservation missions:
To enable people earn additional incomes and additional employment
opportunities through a process of social mobilization and empowerment of the
poor in self help groups is addressed in the A.P.Rural poverty reduction project implemented in 6 backward districts (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram,
Adilabad, Mahabubnagar, Anantapur & Chittoor). To look in to the various issues
related to poverty suggested remedial measures and policy interventions poverty
eradication mission has been launched.
For providing the policy frame work, guidance and monitoring the various water
harvesting and natural resources conservation schemes which provide massive
employment opportunities for the rural poor through provision of sustainable
livelihoods, A.P.Rural livelihoods project is implementing in the 5 districts
(Mahabubnagar, Anantapur, Prakasham, Nalgonda and Kurnool). To introduce
relevant regulations related to water conservation and ground water recharge
Water conservation mission has been launched in May 2000.
TASKS AHEAD:
INCREASING SKILL LEVELS
Increasing skill levels of illiterates, literates and highly educated people - an aggressive attempt has to be made to prepare globally competitive skilled
workers to withstand the pressures of globalization and fast-paced technological
progress.
Introducing vocational education at higher secondary level and strengthening the
vocational education system at college level.
Poverty to be reduced - the income levels of people have to go up as the per
capita income is $ 444 = Rs.19980 whereas the per capita income of some
developed countries like Japan, USA and Singapore are $ 42081 = Rs.18.94
lakhs, $ 29683 = Rs.13.36 lakhs and $ 31139 = Rs.14.00 lakhs respectively.
Gainful employment and tackling under employment are critical areas in our
conditions rather than unemployment.
Responsive role of bankers Vs. changing the repayment culture of the borrowers:
Bankers have to play an aggressive role in extending financial assistance to set
up self-employment ventures and particularly for those who have completed
vocational courses. The loanees should help increase the trustworthiness by
effective usage of assistance given and by improving repayment culture. 95 –
100% loan repayment by women SHGs could be an inspiring model for others.
Project opportunity guidance should be provided to the young and budding
entrepreneurs who are willing to take up self-employment ventures.
Entrepreneurship development plays a critical role. Venture capital may have to
be created to set up innovative and untried activities.
Educational loans have to be given liberally to all the deserving meritorious
students to pursue professional and higher educational courses. Revenue
Recovery Act may be imposed to effect recoveries from the employed personnel
availed the loans.
Developing right attitude, dignity of labour:
Though newly emerged IT sector has come in a big way to provide employment
to IT professionals, we cannot afford to ignore our traditional areas of strength
like garments, leather industry, dairy, poultry, agriculture, horticulture and
sericulture etc.,
Wrong attitudes attached to certain potential professions, lack of dignity of
labour, high preference for white collared jobs also causes unemployment. An
aggressive campaign would be taken up to orient the people to take up
professions having high employment potential like leather industry, garment
industry and armed forces etc.,
Role of infrastructure, services & industries:
Infrastructure facilities should not remain as a constraint to expand the base of
industries and small-scale service sector. Mobilization of huge resources to
expand infrastructure facilities is a real challenge before us.
Increased skill levels, development of entrepreneurship and retraining of workers,
higher investments in growth engines having high employment potential will
result in more productivity and large-scale employment opportunities.
Services and industries sectors have to become vibrant in order to absorb
surplus migrant labour from agriculture sector.
****
STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
The Strategy Paper on Higher Education was released in January, 2001.
Seminars had been organized by the District Collectors in the districts and there
were detailed discussion on the paper. Later on a seminar had been organized
at the State level on 7.2.2001 involving educationists and experts in various fields.
The suggestions received in these deliberations have been incorporated
wherever possible. There were also suggestions which may require further and
detailed examination.
2. Programmes had been formulated by the Heads of Departments keeping
the strategy in view. Each Head of Department had also identified parameters to
quantify and measure performance in relation to specific indicators. The system
of periodic reporting on these parameters has also been evolved. Thus the
department have moved further to take action as per the strategy and also to
evolve a system of monitoring of the performance of Heads of Departments with
reference to important indicators. A fresh Strategy Paper on Higher Education is
prepared taking into account the developments of the last one year.
Introduction:
3. Higher Education sector deals with the institutions
imparting education at the Intermediate level, the degree and university levels.
This sector also includes institutions offering courses in technical education like
diploma and degree courses in engineering, Master of Computer Applications,
Master of Business Administration and other professional courses. Higher
Education also includes distance education programme at different levels.
4. The vision of the Government is to usher in a
“Knowledge Society” by the year 2020. Apart from providing facilities for primary
education for all, Government would take necessary steps for consolidation and
effective utilization of institutions of higher education in Government sector.
Further the Government would continue to facilitate development of educational
institutions by involving private sector for the establishment of Junior Colleges,
Degree Colleges and Engineering Colleges apart from colleges offering M.B.A
and M.C.A. courses. In this endeavour investments would be encouraged for
setting up institutions in all parts of the state especially the educationally
backward areas through suitable policy initiatives. Quality of higher education
institutions would have to ensured through a suitable mechanism of assessment
and accreditation.
5. The chief underlying concern of the Government is to
make higher education more relevant and purposeful and also to see that higher
educational institutions impart skills and knowledge which are relevant to the
emerging job market with a strong emphasis on technical and professional
courses. These courses would cater to the needs of a strong services sector.
The endeavour would be to impart these skills apart knowledge of languages,
history and culture of the country, human values, etc. to facilitate development of
character. The main thrust of the strategy in higher education sector is for the
Government to act as a facilitator for greater participation of private institutions in
the field of education. It is also the concern of the Government to raise standards
of education and strive towards excellence by identifying and promoting centers
of excellence. Suitable institutional mechanism would be set up to continuously
evaluate the on-going academic programmes and also evolve and formulate new
academic courses suited to the emerging needs of the society and the economy.
As far as institutions under Government are concerned, efforts would be made to
consolidate them and use the available resources for their proper development.
6. Government also proposes to make use of technology
for improving the methods of teaching and enabling the students to have access
to the best of teaching and learning material. It is also proposed to introduce a
system of regular appraisal of the teachers in respect of their academic and co-
curricular work. With a view to introduce restructured courses, refresher courses
are being conducted for the teachers to update their skills and knowledge in their
respective field of study.
7. The Government’s role in Higher Education sector would be ..
i) Providing regulatory framework for evaluating the students and
awarding of certificates through various instruments of the Government such as
Boards, Universities etc.
ii) Government would concentrate on effectively utilizing the investments
already made and which are also committed in Higher Education sector in an
optimum manner to meet the changing needs of the society and the emerging
market economy.
iii) In view of the Government’s over-riding priority for primary education
and improving literacy levels in the State, Government recognizes the fact that the
total needs of Higher Education cannot be met by Government alone and
therefore, would facilitate private partnership and private investments through
appropriate policy initiatives.
iv) Government would also enable the setting up of a suitable mechanism
to continuously evaluate the standards of Education, evaluate the students,
teachers and the Institutions to attain the levels of excellence in various areas.
Quality assurance is to be ensured through appropriate mechanism in
assessment and accreditation.
v) Government would also facilitate research on Higher Education sector,
for identifying the emerging areas of technology, science and other subjects and
for evolving suitable courses.
CURRENT STATUS:
8. At present there are 14 Universities under the State
Government in the Higher Education sector. Apart from these, the following are
institutions are deemed to be universities, viz., Nizam’s Institute of Medical
Sciences, Hyderabad, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati
and Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi. The International
Institute of Information Technology a pioneering IT educational institution set up
through the participation of leading Computer companies has been, given the
status of a deemed University in the month of August, 2001. In addition the
following Universities have been established by the Government of India in the
State, viz., University of Hyderabad and Maulana Azad National Urdu University.
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad and Rashtriya
Sanskrit Sansthan, Tirupati which are under the Government of India have the
status of deemed universities.
9. It is also noted that a number of Scientific and technological research
institutions are located in and around Hyderabad. Thus Hyderabad has
emerged as a centre of higher learning and research activity.
10(a). There are 176 Government Colleges, 181 Private Aided Colleges, 725
Private unaided colleges and 38 Oriental colleges making a total of 1120 colleges
in the State. The number of students enrolled in conventional courses during the
academic year 2001-2002 is 1,61,684 in science, 1,36,295 in commerce and
97,109 in arts and social sciences faculties. It is envisaged that these courses
would be made more relevant from the point of view of securing employment and
also for self-employment. Accordingly, syllabus has been revised in 49 subjects
and restructured courses introduced in 134 Government Colleges in the State.
10(b) The following action was initiated with reference to the
points included in the ‘Strategy Paper on Higher Education, January, 2001. Every
effort would be made to implement the strategy as approved.
1. Infrastructure: The Government has invested about
Rs.46.00 Crores for the development of infrastructure, laboratory equipment,
library, games material etc. in 2000-01 in Government Degree colleges.
2. Private Initiative: Eighty two degree colleges were started in
the private sector in 2000-01 against a target of 45 colleges in the policy direction
of encouraging private investment in collegiate education.
3. Restructured Courses: a). Laying emphasis on IT,
Computer courses were introduced in B.Sc., B.Com. and B.A. courses in 134
government degree colleges
b). Nearly 20% of courses in Government Colleges were restructured as a step
towards achieving 60% vocationalisation by 2020. Vocational courses were being
encouraged in the newly started private colleges. However, pure sciences, arts
and social sciences are being continued as before.
4. NAAC Assesment: Fifty five Government and Aided
Colleges were identified for getting assessed and accredited by NAAC (National
Assessment and Accreditation Council). Twenty of them have already submitted
proposals to NAAC while the others are preparing for the same.
5. Retraining of Lecturers: So far, 2600 lecturers were
retrained in refresher course programmes organized by the Collegiate Education
Department.
6. Flexibility of Courses: Universities were addressed to
introduce flexibility in choosing subjects of study.
7. Certificate Courses: The Colleges are being encouraged to
start certificate courses to reach the needs of various sections of community in
communicative skills, basic computer courses etc. in 20 colleges per year.
8. Teacher Awards: To encourage meritorious teachers, 57
outstanding teachers are awarded “State Teacher Award” every year.
9. Online Networking: About 160 Government and Aided
Colleges are being on-line networked for transmission of information and learning
resources from colleges to Head Office and vice versa.
10. Student Counselling: Student counselling centers were
introduced in all Government and Aided Colleges to guide students on future
courses, employment etc.
11. MANA TV : About 150 video cassettes were prepared for
transmission through KU Band programme. About 25 video cassettes were
already transmitted.
12. PG Courses: Twenty two P.G. Courses, in Computers,
Biotechnology etc. were introduced in 15 Government Colleges in the State in
2001-02.
13. Biotechnology was introduced in 24 Government Colleges
at U.G. Level.
14. College and Industry Linkages are
being encouraged and about 20 colleges have established such linkages to
benefit the students of courses like Industrial Chemistry, Industrial Microbiology
and Food Science and Quality Control.
15. Banks are offering EDUCATIONAL LOANS to the eligible
students.
Technical Education: 11. The State Government has taken the initiative to liberalise the policy for
sanction of engineering colleges. A decision was taken to sanction colleges in
uncovered areas of the state so that these colleges would be available to
students throughout the State and would also reduces imbalances in the
distribution of these institutions. As a result, the State has witnessed a
tremendous growth in the facilities for the engineering education at degree level.
As on date there are 174 engineering colleges in the State with a intake of 47,627
students in various branches during the academic year 2001-2002.
12. Government is also laying lot of stress on the development of Information Technology related courses for which there is very good potential. It is worth noting that there are 30,526 seats in IT related courses in the State at present. 13. Government is also attaching lot of importance to the increase in the seats in MCA courses so that the youth would have better employment opportunities after getting the requisite skills in computer applications. There are 234 MCA Colleges with an intake of 9975 during the academic year 2001-2002. 14. With a view to cater to the needs of the growing requirements of the industry and services sector, it is necessary to increase seats in the Master of Business Administration courses. Number of MBA seats has practically doubled in the last 5 years. There are 141 colleges offering MBA courses with an intake of 7234 during 2001-2002. Pharmacy Education: 15. Government have also given lot of importance to the development of
pharmacy education to meet the growing requirements of health sector. The
number of seats in pharmacy has increased almost four times since 1995-96.
During the academic year 2001-2002 there are 26 colleges with 1410 seats.
Polytechnics:
16. There are 104 Polytechnics in the State with an intake of 19410 seats. Out
of these 66 are Government Polytechnics, 4 are aided and 33 are unaided
Polytechnics. The World Bank Project for strengthening Technician Education
was completed during the year 1998-99 at a cost of Rs.140 crores. The project
included modernization of laboratories, training of teachers, increase in the
enrolment of girls, purchase of books and improvement of infrastructure.
Medical Education:
17. The Government is expanding the facilities for medical education by
permitting at least one medical and one dental college in each district. The new
colleges are being opened by encouraging private participation.
18. At present there are 16 medical colleges including 6 private colleges
offering a total of 2100 places. There are 2 government and 1 private dental
college providing an intake of 140. It is expected that all the districts of the State
will have at least one medical and one dental college in next five years.
Agricultural Education:
19. The State has the following educational infrastructure in the field of
agriculture and allied sciences under Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University.
College No. Intake College of Agriculture 6 770 College of Agricultural Engg. 1 28 Colleges of Veterinary Science 3 273 College of Fishery Science 1 30
Home Science Colleges 2 281 20. The strategy for future is to develop centers of excellence with facilities for
education and research in emerging areas such as Plant Bio- Technology, Food
Science and Technology, sustainable agriculture, conservation of germ plasma,
etc. It is also proposed to improve the facilities for practical training in agricultural
marketing and veterinary science. There is an imperative need for expanding
educational facilities in agricultural and allied sciences particularly keeping in view
the necessity to up grade the farming technology for increasing productivity on a
sustainable basis.
Intermediate Education: 21. Junior Colleges: Junior Colleges cater to the students at +2 stage. The number of Junior Colleges functioning under various managements in the academic year 2001-2002 are shown below:-
a) Government Junior Colleges (including Composite Colleges) 660 b) Private Junior Colleges (Aided) 275 c) Private Unaided Junior Colleges 1428 d) Social Welfare Residential Junior Colleges 127 e) A.P. Residential Junior Colleges 25 f) Co-operative Junior Colleges 103 g) Tribal Welfare Junior Colleges 16 h) Railway Junior Colleges 05 i) Exclusively Vocational Junior Colleges(Private) 73 j) Incentive Junior Colleges 82 ---------- Total 2792 ----------
22. From among the above colleges, Vocational Courses and Conventional
Courses are simultaneously functioning in 763 Junior Colleges. 48 exclusive
Vocational Private Junior Colleges are permitted by the Board of Intermediate
Education during 2001-’02.
23. To bring Intermediate Education within easy reach of the rural students,
124 new Government Junior Colleges and 82 Private Incentive Junior Colleges
were started during the year 2001-’02 in Tribal and Backward areas in Mandals
without Junior Colleges. These would serve to provide access to Intermediate
Education in the areas not having these institutions so far and give an opportunity
to students of those areas to pursue higher studies.
24. The enrolment of the students in the first year ( )Conventional Courses
for the academic year 2001-’02 is 5,20,490. The enrolment of the students in
Vocational Courses is 17,308.
VISION 2020 GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT TARGETS:
25. The aim of the Government is to usher in a “Knowledge Society” by the
year 2020. The State higher education system would emphasise on providing
courses which lead to development of specialized and technical skills in the
students, through Professional Courses in emerging areas such as Information
and Communication Technology, Engineering, Bio-technology, Environmental
Management, etc.
A.P. State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE): 26. APSCHE would be actively involved in introducing innovative educational
programmes, evolving new programmes considering the required changes in the
field.
27. It has designed Masters programme in Information Systems keeping in
view with the changing demands of the Information Technology Industry under
continuation of studies at P.G. level by BCA Graduates. The M.Sc.(Information
System) Programme was introduced from the academic year 2001-2002. It
has been started in ( 73 ) Colleges and the number of students enrolled is (3040)
and P.G.Diploma course in 5 Colleges with an intake of 280 students.
Details of the Programme:- • Masters Programme of 2 years duration with 4 semesters • 5 theory +2 practicals. • 4th Semester exclusively for Project work +2 Electives
POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MSIT): 28. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has issued orders vide
G.O.Ms.No.68, Education Department, Dated:6-4-2000 constituting IT Education
Coordination Committee with the Chairman, A.P. State Council of Higher
Education, as Co-Chairman for the development of innovative Post Graduate
Programme in Information Technology using Distance Learning Methodology for
generating high quality human resources in Information Technology and related
areas. In the said G.O., the Government have directed the A.P. State Council of
Higher Education to design and implement the P.G. programme in Information
Technology. MSIT Programme is offered at the following Institutions:
• MSIT Learning Center at J.N.T.U., Masabtank, Hyderabad.
• MSIT Learning Center at International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad.
• MSIT Learning Center at Regional Engineering College, Warangal.
The following programs are being offered: 1. A 3-year MSIT Programme. 2. A 2-year MSIT Programme. 3. A one year PGDIT Programme.
The main objectives of designing the P.G. programme in
Information Technology are:
• to select and train high calibre IT professionals
• Capable of operating in a global market place for Information Technology enabled service industry. Universities: 29. The Universities would continue to provide the leadership in the matter of higher education in the rapidly changing social, economic and technological environment. To play this role effectively they would have to establish enduring relationship with industry and research bodies both at home and abroad and take steps to enrich the quality of university programmes. 30. Universities would have to strive to improve the quality of higher education and also encourage more and more institutions to go for assessment and accreditation of their courses. Further, it would also be the endeavour to see that well established colleges get autonomous status so that academic performance of these institutions would improve.
Technical Education: 31. The basic strategy as laid down in the Vision – 2020 document for higher
education including technical education is to ensure an enabling environment
conducive to rapid growth, particularly by encouraging private investment. The
following are the sailent features
a) Increase in private investment in Technical Education. b) Introduction of flexibility in choosing subjects of study. c) Designing courses in tune with industry requirements. d) Creating centers of excellence. 32. Further, while involving the private sector, the following are also required to be ensured. a) Access for the poor and disadvantaged groups. b) Regulating quality and administrative standards. c) Maintenance of transparent procedure and standards for admission.
Prathibha Awards 32. For promoting quality and Excellence in Technical Education Prathibha Scholarships Scheme has been introduced. Under the scheme 290 awards for the meritorious students will be given.
KU Band:
33. To telecast the Technical Education Programmes K.U. Band was grounded during the year 2001-2002. The purchase of required Machinery and Equipment is under process. For the project, the Department of Information Technology will supply the equipment by February. 2002. The required content has been supplied to Information and Public Relation Department to telecast upto 31-03-2002. Work is under active progress for preparation of 100 cassettes by July / August, 2002 for further continuation of the programme.
SONET:
34. A society has been registered by name “Sonet” for networking of various institutions so that the institutions of higher learning would share their resources and take up other co-operative activities for raising standards. It is proposed to arrange for delivery of lectures by expert teachers through video-conferencing so that students may be able to receive them ;in all the Engineering Colleges. The procurement of machinery and equipment is under process. 35. It is proposed to increase the seats in Engineering Colleges by 15% every year. Government had notified 46 places for opening new engineering colleges during 2001-02 and 2002-03. All India Council for Technical Education sanctioned 68 colleges during 2001-2002 This would give a further boost to engineering education in the state. A decision was taken to sanction colleges in the uncovered areas of the state. The following tables show the past and the projected growth of Engineering and Professional Colleges: Engineering Colleges:
Year No. of colleges Intake 1994-95 32 9335 1995-96 37 10155 1996-97 37 10455 1997-98 57 14155 1998-99 89 19773
1999-2000 102 25064 2000-2001 106 30716 2001-2002 174 47627 2002-2005 245 70000
Growth in information technology education:
Year No. of Engineering Colleges
No. of Engineering Seats in IT
2000-2001 106 18041 2001-2002 174 30526 2002-2005 245 36287
Expansion of Professional Education: 36. As a result of the pro-active policy adopted by the Government, the state has witnessed an impressive growth in the facilities for MBA/MCA education as shown in the table.
Year MBA Colleges Intake MCA
Colleges Intake
1996-97 57 2145 44 1320 1997-98 81 3000 75 2770 1998-99 92 3825 99 3020
1999-2000 109 4660 152 4040 2000-2001 110 4680 162 6395 2001-2002 141 7234 234 9975 2002-2005 222 9413 326 12863
37. It is also proposed to provide increased opportunities to Diploma holders to upgrade their qualifications for upward mobility by increasing intake to 10% in Engineering Courses from the existing level of 5%. Government would also examine the feasibility of raising some resources for maintaining, improving the quality of infrastructure and teaching standards to enable them to remain competitive and viable.
Community Polytechnics: 38. At present there are 44 Polytechnics offering Community Polytechnic Schemes for imparting skills to the rural unemployed. Internal Revenue Generation: # Universities have internal resources particularly by technical consultancy. Polytechnics have a system of internal revenue generation by consultancy, short term courses, use of lab/workshop for job works. An amount of Rs.160.00 lakhs is the I.R.G. of the Polytechnics during the year 2001-2002. 39. Short Term Job Oriented Courses: $ The State Board of Technical Education and Training has also started a scheme for giving affiliation to Private Computer Training Institutions in 18 Short Term Computer Courses. $ In order to impart basic computer skills to all the students studying in technical education system, knowledge of computers and programming has been made compulsory irrespective of the branch of study both at the diploma and degree level in Engineering. Degree Colleges: Restructuring of Courses 40. An effort will be made to achieve 60% of vocationalisation of courses in the year 2020 at a growth level of 10% per year. It is proposed to achieve 25% of enrolment in vocational courses by the year 2005 compared to the present level of 15%.
It is proposed to introduce restructured courses integrating
the conventional and vocational courses. The lecturers in degree colleges will be
imparted training through refresher courses and it is programmed to expose all
college teachers to refresher courses in related restructured subjects to enhance
knowledge and teaching skills. By December, 2001, 22 refresher courses have
been organized imparting training to about 660 lecturers in the state. During the
year 2002-2003 it is programmed to organize 30 refresher courses for 2000
teachers in the State.
41. To achieve this, the system of Higher Education has to lay
more emphasis on vocationalisation, restructuring, training of lecturers. At
present 134 Government Colleges out of 176 have introduced restructured
courses and by 2005 it is expected that all 176 Government Colleges would offer
restructured courses. For this purpose refresher courses are being organised for
the lecturers.
Autonomous Colleges: 42. It is also proposed to continuously strive for enhancing the
standards of education in the State. This is proposed to be achieved by
encouraging more and more colleges to attain autonomous status. There are at
present 16 college which are autonomous. 10 Government Colleges and 10
Private Colleges are in the process for grant of autonomy during the current year.
The policy would be continued and by the year 2005 it is expected that 80 more
colleges would take steps to become autonomous.
43. It is also proposed to make Computer knowledge of an
appropriate standard compulsory for all students of degree courses in the State.
Intermediate Education:
Stress on Vocationalisation 44. Government of Andhra Pradesh have decided to strengthen the Intermediate Education and bring it within the reach of all aspirants. A suitable policy frame work has been evolved for the location of Junior Colleges in all Junior College less Mandals by the year 2005. To achieve this goal, Government issued orders for rationalisation of corpus fund, reducing it from Rs.6.25 Lakhs to Rs.4.00 Lakhs in general, and incase of Junior Colleges in Tribal areas, and Junior Colleges for Girls and has reduced Corpus fund to Rs.2.00 Lakhs. 50% of this corpus fund shall be returned to the Junior Colleges after four years of continuous running and in subsequent years, 10% of the corpus shall be returned to the Junior Colleges every year till the entire corpus fund is refunded.
45. To encourage Private Participation in establishing Junior Colleges in Tribal and Rural areas Government have decided that an amount of Rupees one thousand per student be granted to the managements of the Junior Colleges for a period of three years, besides providing 5 acres of Government land for setting up of Junior Colleges, wherever available. 46. At present there are 17,308 students enrolled in the Vocational Courses which is a little over 3% of the total enrolment. In order to achieve the target it is planned to increase enrolment by 3% to 4% annually, and to reach a target of 18% by the year 2005. 45 Vocational Courses, which are relevant to the emerging job market have been introduced and more courses will be identified and started in the years to come. 47. Industrial Linkages are established to all Junior Colleges where Vocational courses are functioning for providing more practical experience. On-The-Job Training for one month in I year as well as II year is made compulsory to all Vocational courses to train the students in live situations. 48. To promote Vocational Education in private sector, the following relaxations are granted by Government.
i. No restrictions are imposed in sanctioning of new Private Vocational Junior Colleges.
ii. Permission may be accorded for the opening of new Private Vocational Junior Colleges, and also for starting additional sections/new courses in existing private Vocational Junior Colleges.
iii. Sanction will be accorded for Vocational courses in existing conventional Private Junior Colleges.
iv. The ceiling on enrolment of students in Vocational sections is enhanced from 10 to 20 in Paramedical courses and from 20 to 30 in other Vocational Courses. Training of Junior Lecturers / Principals. 49. During the current year 3154 Junior Lecturers and 51 Principals are given orientation training in conventional subjects to improve their knowledge in the revised curriculum. 50. Three day work shops in Communication Skills in English has been conducted for Junior Lecturers in English who are handling Vocational Sections at Government Junior Colleges in all 23 Districts. 51. One day workshops for Vocational Junior Lecturers on Vocational Education Program are conducted at 8 centers in the State with the participation of senior faculty from PSSCIVE, Bhopal.
Counselling for transfers:
52. It is also proposed to evaluate the performance of the teachers based on the performance of students and introduce performance based counselling for transfer and posting of teachers in Junior and Degree colleges.
Stress on Computer Education for all:
53. It needs no emphasis today that a student without computer knowledge coming out of the College would find extremely difficult to get along in the present set up. Several initiatives are being taken by the Government at the School level and Intermediate level for imparting computer skills and literacy. It is considered necessary that computer education of the appropriate standards is made compulsory at the Degree level irrespective of the subject. Such education would provide a degree holder a professional tool and make him much more flexible in choosing various professions and jobs. Accordingly, it is decided to make computer education compulsory in all the Degree Colleges from the academic year 2003-2004. Involving the Community in development of Institutions:
54. Government have also decided to involve the local community in the planning and development of degree colleges and junior colleges by setting up the College Development Committees in the Junior Colleges and the College and Planning Development Councils for degree colleges.
Recognition of Excellence:
55. Best Teacher Awards for 10 Junior Lecturers in the State are conferred for their distinction and for their exemplary academic performance.
56. PSSCIVE, Bhopal has given away three awards, one for the best Vocational Junior Lecturer, a second for best Junior College offering Vocational Courses and, a third for the industry which has done distinctive work in giving training to vocational students. It has also given award to the best Vocational student in the State.
57. Pratibha Awards to 1020 students of Conventional Courses and 20 students of Vocational course are given away in a State Function, in recognition of merit.
Special Coaching for students:
58. Special coaching classed to SC & ST students for EAMCET and IPE are being conducted in 23 districts for about 3750 students. In the Government Junior Colleges, Orientation for EAMCET has been introduced from this academic year, so that students could be better prepared to take the Common Entrance Test for Professional Courses.
Others:
For improving quality education, 90 Beta Cassettes are developed for transmission on KU-Band. Presently 38 reception sites are started at different parts of the State, to extend quality teaching and learning process to all the students, utilizing the services of experienced lecturers.
College Development Committees for all Government Junior Colleges are constituted involving the local community for providing better infrastructure and other facilities in the colleges.
For providing infrastructure and laboratory facilities an amount of Rs. 12.12 crores have been sanctioned for 175 newly sanctioned Government Junior Colleges sanctioned during the last two years
The 1320 vacancies of Junior Lecturer posts in the 124 new Government Junior Colleges, have been filled up through A.P. Public Service Commission by direct recruitment and through promotion. The remaining 1913 vacancies in other Government Junior Colleges, contract faculty has been provided for smooth conduct of the academic activity.
To strengthen Vocational Education a project proposal with an estimated cost of Rs.870 Crores to be funded by external agencies for “Enhancement of Vocational Education programme in Andhra Pradesh in 652 Government Junior Colleges” is under preparation by the Board of Intermediate Education.
STRATEGY AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS: Universities: Universities would have to share resources while utilizing the available resources optimally, initiate new forms of academic collaboration by adopting new technologies, introduce on-line networking facility among universities not only to prepare a data-base of learning resources but concentrate on their strengths and produce quality materials for use by other institutions. Universities will also be encouraged to go in for consultancy and mobilize resources which could be used for the development of the University.
A high power Research Board at the State Level would be constituted for Research and Development work, for innovations in curriculum and in teaching and learning. The Research Board would act as a sensitive antenna to forecast and anticipate future trends in the academic and employment sector. It will have to think in the future tense and act in the present and provide an early warning system for change management. A corpus of Rs.1 crore is to be set apart for competitive bidding by universities in sending proposals for consideration for innovations in Research and Development.
As the University is a learning organization, emphasis will be given to periodical training and retraining of teachers to update their knowledge in their respective fields. While it is evident that there would be lot of demand for courses which offer prospects of immediate employment, it is also to be ensured that sufficient number of students would continue to take up studies in the field of science, basic engineering disciplines, humanities and arts and social sciences so that the treasure of knowledge is enriched and the supply of skilled man power is maintained these fields also.
Academic Collaboration:
A.P. State Council of Higher Education and Carnegie Mellon University also agreed to collaborate in the design, development and implementation of the proposed MSIT program, in accordance with the following terms and conditions.
# ‘CMU’s contribution would be in the form of content and /or loan of faculty and participation in the evaluation and quality assurance processes. Content provided by Carnage Melon University, when used by students, will be subject to royalties payable to CMU and to the faculty members involved. The exact nature and amount of royalty to be paid will be worked out but it is anticipated that it will be in the 5% to 10% range of the tuition paid by each student.
# The degree at the end of the MSIT program would be co-signed by each of the participating universities that contributes at least 20% of the content and faculty resources for the program – the modalities for which would be worked out. CMU would be one of the co-signatories when its contribution exceed the prescribed explectations.
# By cosigning the degree, CMU is concurring with the following statements:
# The Multi-University consortium has adequate infrastructure and facilities:
MOU with Central Michigan University, USA:
In accordance with a mutual desire to promote further co-operation between India and the United States of America, on the initiative of Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education, the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (J.N.T.U.), and Central Michigan University (CMU) entered into collaboration for the purpose of educational and cultural exchange and to seriously explore cooperative activities for the following purposes:
! Development of graduate and undergraduate programme ! Exchange of faculty and staff for teaching and / or research
assignments ! Exchange of students for advanced studies and research ! Transfer of academic courses ! Organisation of symposiums, conferences and meetings Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University also taking up academic
collaboration with Kansas State University, USA for taking up new programmes.
Osmania University is also planning a collaboration programme with the Eastern
Michigan University. Under these programmes, the students would be studying a
part of the course in the local university to complete the courses in the foreign
University.
Admissions with Video Conferencing Mode for the students of districts. Several candidates qualified at EAMCET desired to seek admission in
Engineering Colleges had represented that they were put to hardships to appear
for counseling at admission venue at Hyderabad traveling all the way from distant
places incurring enormous expenditure and also spending minimum of two days
of time for the purpose. Hyderabad was the only venue for counseling of students
till the academic year 2000-2001. Further, the Admission Authority was also
contemplating to find solution to the prolonged Admission schedule for nearly
75days in view of the limitation imposed by the present system on the rate of
counseling at a maximum of 600 students per day.
To overcome the above problems, following the decision of the
Government, the A.P. State Council of Higher Education started four more
Regional Counselling Centres at Guntur, Visakhapatnam, Warangal and Tirupati
in addition to the existing counseling center at Hyderabad from the academic year
2001-2002 in consultation with M/s CMC Limited, Hyderabad. This arrangement
of Regional Counseling Centres facilitated the students to appear for counseling
at any of the Regional centers of their choice and also helped to increase the rate
of counseling to 1500 students per day.
The improved system at all the centers is installed with Video Conferencing
facility to enable the candidates appearing for counseling at one center to view
the proceedings at other centers also which has instilled candidate’s confidence
in the system and transparency of proceedings.
PRIORITY PROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES IN FUTURE.
Universities:.
New Coalition between Industry and University:
The methodology also enables academic institutions to form new coalition
between Industry and Institutions of Higher Learning. Once we incorporate some
enabling provisions in the statutes of the Universities, recognition can be
accorded to corporate training institutes as also governments own institutes like
MCIHRD to award Diplomas and Degrees.
Training for College Teachers
The A.P. State Council of Higher Education conducted Refresher Courses
during the year 2000-2001 in various disciplines to the College Teachers working
in Government and other sector Teachers in the ratio of 50:50 i.e. 1:1 as part of
curriculum development activities as per the guidelines of the University Grants
Commission. Accordingly, Training Programmes were conducted to the College
Teachers in select subjects in MSIT and M.Sc.(IS) with the new technology and
learning materials.
Training for MS(IT) Teachers
Evaluation, Assessment & Academic Audit
With the objective of streamlining the functioning of BCA Colleges, A.P.
State Council of Higher Education conducted review inspections in 135 colleges
as part of Academic Audit during the year 2000-2001.
Based on the experiences in conduct of Academic Audit, the A.P. State
Council of Higher Education prepared a self appraisal report to obtain academic
information from all affiliated and Degree Colleges for the purpose of grading
colleges to evaluate and assess the performance of the colleges. A pilot study
was carried out in 36 colleges under 6 University areas. The A.P. State Council
of Higher Education will take up the collection of Date from the remaining colleges
after reviewing the feed back based on the pilot study.
Network of Engineering Colleges:
Apart from Universities, technical institutions will also have a separate
networking of their own. They have already registered a society for this purpose.
This is perhaps the first such initiative in the country which would provide
electronic class rooms and video conferencing facility for delivering of lecturers by
the best faculty in various disciplines. The Degree colleges offering BCA and
MCA programmes can also have a networking on similar lines.
It is also proposed to encourage excellence in teaching by having a proper
system of assessment. Assessment of teachers will also be done by the
students. Performance of the students will also be evaluated and a counselling
system will be introduced for improving their performance.
FUTURE MEASURES: The following measures would be taken in the field of Collegiate Education in the next two years in accordance with the strategy and projects laid down by Government.
1. Encouraging participation by the community in the planning and implementation at the college level through CPDC will be continued.
2. Further vocationalisation of courses in tune with the changing social and market needs.
3. Continuation of training of teachers and principals.
4. Encouraging certificate and diploma courses as per needs of various sections of the community.
5. Granting autonomy to more colleges to promote excellence and socially relevant education.
6. Continuation of NAAC assessment and accreditation of colleges.
7. Expansion of quality teaching through Mana TV.
8. Starting of modern PG courses at more places.
9. Evolving of a vision plan for the alround development of Government Colleges in the State in the next 5 and 10 years,
Distance Education Distance Education offers a methodology which would provide wider and better access to all forms of education. Hence, the Government would emphasize a creative use of new technologies to provide skill based training programmes to the non-formal sector as also for training and retraining of teachers on the job. With the help of networking technologies, there is scope for offering on line training programmes also.
Technical Education State Government have facilitated setting up of International Institute of Information Technology at Hyderabad by bringing together the world leaders in IT industry. This institution offers world class courses in IT related subjects. It has been accorded the status of a deemed University in the current academic year. The programmes requiring priority involve encouraging the setting up of institutions, starting new courses and also motivating the existing institutions to restructure their courses particularly by carrying out innovations in the field of information technology. As a result of this the following programmes have been taken up. a) Master of Science (Information Technology): This prestigious programme is
being grounded in collaboration with the APSCHE, local universities and IIIT in
partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, USA. The core strength of this
programme is to combine the benefits of distance learning systems with an
institutional arrangement for mentoring the students. The mentors selected in the
learning centres will guide the students in a flexible manner so as to maintain the
pace of the course according to the needs of the students. Further, the students
are also from diverse backgrounds and the course is expected to offer degrees
co-signed by local university concerned and Carnegie Mellon University of USA.
b) Opening of Engineering Staff College: The UGC has given a grant of Rs. 18.5
lakhs towards initial infrastructure to establish an Engineering Staff College in
JNTU. This is expected to provide a platform for training the teachers in
engineering colleges particularly in private sector to upgrade their quality and
skills.
c) Master of Science (Information System): The terminal courses like BCA and
B.Sc. (Computers Science) do not provide opportunities for further higher
learning. The MSIS course is being planned under the overall guidance of
APSCHE to be taken up in all the universities in the State with the target group
comprising of the students from non-engineering background. This will also
provide vertical mobility to the students in newly sanctioned BCA colleges.
d) P.G. Diploma tailored to the needs of the B.A., B.Sc., B.Com. graduates are offered in all the Universities in the State. P.G. Diploma in Management Information Systems and P.G. Diploma in Computer Applications are highly
popular diplomas providing opportunity for graduate students to acquire computer knowledge.
P.G. Diploma like foreign trade, international business tourism are under
preparation to be offered from the academic year 2001-2002.
e) The State Board of Technical Education and Training has also started a
scheme for giving affiliation to private computer training institutions in 18 short
term computer courses.
f) In order to impart basic computer skills to all the students studying in technical
education system, knowledge of computers and programming has been made
compulsory irrespective of the branch of study both at the diploma and degree
level in Engineering.
Intermediate Education The following are the Priority Programmes for the Intermediate Education in the
State:
(A)(i) Consolidate and properly develop the 175 Government Junior Colleges
sanctioned during the last two years by providing necessary furniture, laboratory,
equipment etc.
(ii)Encourage private initiative in setting up the Junior Colleges.
(iii)Suitable incentives have been evolved for opening Junior colleges in Junior
college-less mandals so that all mandals would have Junior Colleges by 2005.
(B)Strengthen and popularise Vocational Education. (i)Bring about integration of vocational courses with conventional courses in Arts/Social Sciences. (ii) Provide vertical mobility for Intermediate Vocational students opening suitable degree courses. Better interaction and coordination with industry and business. . (iii) Make suitable persons for SSC failed to take up vocational training
(iv) Involve local community for mobilising resources and development of infrastructural facilities in the colleges. (v)Improve the Science Laboratories and provide hostel facilities for girls with the help of Govt. of India or External Funding Agencies.