Empowering Educational Resources

From Control and Containment to Sharing and Reuse

A Presentation by Bill WartersFaculty Fellow

WSU Office for Teaching and Learning

Resource Control and Containment

•Much Energy has been expended exploring ways to control and constrain the use of video, audio, pictures and text that, while appropriate for educational use purposes, due to copyright restrictions, should only be made accessible at certain moments, durations, locations, and for users in certain roles or statuses...

Focus has been on Digital Rights Management

• This is a very complex area, especially when you apply it to the Research and Education context.

• Critics say that DRM has been unbalanced in favor of the rights of the content creator/owner in contrast to the rights of the user/consumer.

• The term DRM itself has become contested

As already noted, many DRM opponents consider "digital rights management" to be a misnomer. They argue that DRM manages rights (or access) the same way prison manages freedom and often refer to it as "digital restrictions management". Alternatively, ZDNet Executive Editor David Berlind suggests the term "Content Restriction, Annulment and Protection" or "CRAP" for short

from wikipedia entry on DRM

Open Digital Rights Language (2002)

• An attempt to grapple with the complexities of content use in the digital age in a standardized way...

• “The Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) is a proposed language for the Digital Rights Management (DRM) community for the standardization of expressing rights information over content. The ODRL is intended to provide flexible and interoperable mechanisms to support transparent and innovative use of digital resources in publishing, distributing and consuming of electronic publications, digital images, audio and movies, learning objects, computer software and other creations in digital form. The ODRL has no license requirements and is available in the spirit of "open source" software.”

http://www.w3.org/TR/odrl/

Open Digital Rights Language (2002)

http://www.w3.org/TR/odrl/

A Complex Model for Complex Problem

Shift Occurring in Content Use Goals?

Locate, Collate, Rate, Annotate, Educate

I want to suggest that we are experiencing a profound shift away from containment

and control of resources and toward systems that will enable the following

educational content uses....

Copyright and Copyleft

TraditionalCopyright

©All rightsreserved

Exclusive restrictionson redistribution and

modification

CreativeCommonslicensing

Some rightsreserved

Choice of restrictionon redistribution and

modification andShare-Alike

Public Domain

No rightsreserved

Unrestrictedredistribution and

modification

CopyleftCopyleft

Open Courseware (OCW) Movement

Most downloads on

iTunes U

MIT OCW

OCW Domestic

OCW International

Over 150 universities in China participate in the China Open Resources for Education initiative, with over 450 courses online. http://www.core.org.cn/cn/jpkc/index_en.html

Eleven universities in France formed the ParisTech OCW project, which offers over 130 courses. http://graduateschool.paristech.org/

Seven universities in Japan formed the Japanese OCW Alliance that offers over 140 courses. http://www.jocw.jp/

As of Feb 2006...

Consortium of OCWs

The OER Commons

Open Access Journals

http://www.doaj.org

Open Journal Systems map

OJS is a popular publishing platform, but not the only one

Public Knowledge Project

• Open Journal Systems

• Open Conference Systems

• Open Monograph Press

• Support for Open Archives Initiative

Hewlett Foundation was a major FUNDER

From 2002 to February 2007 the Hewlett Foundationhas invested about $68 million in the OER program

An EDU Commons

“The eduCommons software is designed to make implementing and managing an OpenCourseWare project as simple and pain-free as possible. eduCommons makes it easy to get teaching materials into a repository, tag the materials with metadata, and track each individual bit of teaching material through a copyright clearance, quality assurance, and publication process. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation generously funds the development of eduCommons, and the Center for Open and Sustainable Learning makes the software available completely free of charge. Support is available as questions arise.”

The International Review of Research in

Open and Distance Learning, Vol 9, No 1 (2008)

“Open Educational Resources: Enabling universal education”

by Tom Caswell, Shelley Henson, Marion Jensen, and David Wiley

According to the Hewlett Foundation...

Open is Powerful for Learning Because…• Institutions extend reach beyond

traditional capacity• Individual control over content,

adapting and perfecting• Continuous improvement through

user and expert feedback and modification

• Act of adaptation is an instructive learning process

As of March 2008 Partners Meeting

Money will shift to more collaborative efforts

Mellon Foundation - another big funder

Mellon Foundation - Promoting Collaboration

2008 Mellon Awards for Technology CollaborationThe deadline for nominations for the 2008 Mellon Awards for Technology Collaboration (MATC Awards) was April 14, 2008. The MATC Awards consist of up to ten $50,000 or $100,000 prizes, which a receiving institution can use in a variety of ways to continue its technology leadership. The awards honor not-for-profit institutions that have demonstrated exemplary leadership in the development of open source software for one or more of the constituencies served by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation: the arts and humanities in higher education; research libraries, museums; performing arts organizations; and conservation biology.

http://matc.mellon.org

2007 Technology Collaboration Award Winners

• $100,000 to the American Museum of the Moving Image (Astoria, NY: www.movingimage.us) for the development and release of the OpenCollection museum collection management system (www.opencollection.org).

• $100,000 to Duke University (Durham, NC: www.duke.edu) for leadership and development work on the OpenCroquet open source 3-D virtual worlds environment (www.opencroquet.org).

• $100,000 to Open Polytechnic of New Zealand (Wellington, NZ: www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz) for leadership and development work on several open source projects including the New Zealand Open Source Virtual Learning Environment (http://eduforge.org/projects/nzvle/).

• $50,000 to the Georgia Public Library Service of the University System of Georgia (Atlanta, GA: www.georgialibraries.org) for the development and release of the Evergreen open-source library automation system (www.open-ils.org).

• $50,000 to Middlebury College (Middlebury, VT: www.middlebury.edu) for the development and release of the Segue interactive learning management system.

2007 Technology Collaboration Award Winners

• $50,000 to the Participatory Culture Foundation (Worcester, MA: www.participatoryculture.org) for the development and release of the open source Miro media player (www.getmiro.com).

• $50,000 to Talboks- och punktskriftsbiblioteket (The Swedish Library of Talking Books and Braille: Enskede, Sweden: www.tpb.se) for the development and release of open source tools supporting the Daisy Project for talking books for the visually impaired.

• Two awards of $50,000 each to University of Illinois (Champaign-Urbana, IL: www.illinois.edu): one award for the development and release of the Firefox Accessibility Extension (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1891); and one award for the development and release of the OpenEAI enterprise application integration project (www.openEAI.org).

• $50,000 to University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario: www.utoronto.ca) for the development and release of the ATutor learning management system (www.atutor.ca).

Learning Technologies Are Evolving

Commercial Web 2.0 Applications in HigherEd?

http://cogdogroo.wikispaces.com/50%20Ways

February 2007 Learning Technology Trends Report and LearnSat Ratings

• Certain product categories ancillary to course management systems (CMS), such as assessment, authoring, and digital content, scored higher in satisfaction than the course management systems category itself, signaling the importance being placed on easy ways to include interactive and rich media content in learning experiences.

• Among the course management systems, eCollege, ANGEL, and Moodle scored highest in satisfaction. All three rated higher than Blackboard or WebCT, the market share leaders. 16% of the respondents appeared to be likely to switch course management systems in the coming 12 months.

• The significant usage and high ratings of products not necessarily targeted to the educational segment, such as Google, Wikipedia, and iPods, indicates that educators may be incorporating these technologies more rapidly than administrators or IT officials may be aware.

The major findings of the report included the following:

I’ll Focus mainly on Open Source...

Ivanhoe

SequeCurriki

VUE

Collex

Omeka

Kaltura

Simile

Sophie

Mahara

Elgg

Cohere

LeMill

Xerte

PachydermeXe

MediaMatrix

OpenLearn

Moodle

Send2Wiki

OCW in Motion

Moodle Intro Movie made by an Enthusiast

http://youtube.com/watch?v=_o1fMQsfzoQ

Who Uses Moodle?In the U.S., Moodle has been adopted by many Liberal Arts Colleges, such as Bryn Mawr, Carlton, DePauw, Lewis and Clark, Macalester, Reed, and Smith, as well as numerous larger schools such as U.C.L.A., San Francisco State, The University of Georgia, The University of Minnesota, and many others. Moodle doubled its growth among US community colleges last year.

In addition to its extensive use in schools in Australia and New Zealand, Moodle is widely used in Europe, especially in Spain and the U.K. One of the largest Moodle installation in the world is the Open University in the U.K. with over 200,000 students using Moodle. There are 251 registered sites with more than 10,000 users. The site with the most users is moodle.org with 49 courses and 404,074 users.

Moodle is surprisingly popular as corporate LMS

• LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS) The good, the bad, the ugly ... and the truth by Steve Wexler, Lance Dublin, Nancy Grey, Sheila Jagannathan, Tony Karrer, Margaret Martinez, Bob Mosher, Kevin Oakes, and Angela van Barneveld (2007)

http://www.elearningguild.com/content.cfm?selection=doc.36

Many Moodle Modules

OpenLearn

Many Choices of

Format

Moodle-powered, Hewlett Foundation Supported

http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=1649

Communication Tools

LabSpace at OpenLearn

Focus is on Re-use

MediaMatrix - isolate, segment & annotate

www.matrix.msu.edu/~mmatrix

MATRIX: The Center for Humane Arts, Letters, and Social Sciences Online

ELIXR Project - Promoting Faculty Excellence

The MERLOT ELIXR project is intended to develop and test new collaborations amongst faculty development centers and online resource repositories. The goal is to create innovative models for the development, sharing and use of discipline-oriented resources which illustrate exemplary teaching practices and which also support faculty with exemplary learning objects to help implement those practices with their students.

In September 2006, the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education, a program within the U.S. Department of Education, funded a proposal for ELIXR from a team of MERLOT partners and affiliated institutions. The deliverables center around 96 case studies of exemplary teaching, grouped in 6 theme areas for faculty workshops with discipline-specific cases in 16 disciplines.

Pachyderm - Template-based Web Presentations

eXe - built on top of Firefox

Example from CREducation.org

http://www.creducation.org/cre/teachers/learning_modules_and_activities

Xerte E-learning Toolkit http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xerte/

University of Nottingham (UK)

Curriki Guided Tour

LeMill

Guided Tour

COLLEX http://patacriticism.org/collex/

CollexSample Repository -

http://www.nines.org/collex/

Narrated Guide

Blacklight - Building on COLLEX tools for OPAC

COHERE http://cohere.open.ac.uk/

COHERE

Segue

• Segue is an open source content management system designed for e-learning that combines the ease of use of course management systems with the flexibility of weblogs for creating various types of sites including course, news, journal, peer review and e-portfolio.

Mahara

• Mahara is a fully featured open source electronic portfolio, weblog, resume builder and social networking system, connecting users and creating online communities. Mahara is designed to provide users with the tools to demonstrate their life-long learning, skills and development over time to selected audiences.

• Meaning 'think' or 'thought' in Te Reo Māori, the name reflects the project's dedication to creating a user-centred life-long learning and development application as well as the belief that technology solutions cannot be developed outside the considerations of pedagogy and policy.

Elgg - Social Networking Platform

Elgg - Social Networking Platform

Sophie - The Future of the Book?

Ivanhoe - a Literary Interpretation “Game” Space

“IVANHOE is a pedagogical environment for interpreting textual and other cultural materials. It is designed to foster critical awareness of the methods and perspectives through which we understand and study humanities documents. An online collaborative playspace, IVANHOE exposes the indeterminacy of humanities texts to role-play and performative intervention by students at all levels.” http://www.patacriticism.org/ivanhoe/about/

Video Examples - http://www.patacriticism.org/ivanhoe/demo/

Ivanhoe - a Literary Interpretation “Game” Space

http://www.rc.umd.edu/pedagogies/commons/innovations/mcgann3.html

Flash-based Introduction to the Tool

A group of people, two at a minimum, agree to collaborate in thinking about how to reimagine a particular work, say Ivanhoe, and to do this in a role-playing mode. The agreement is that each person will try to reshape the given work so that it is understood or seen in a new way.  The reshaping process in IVANHOE is immediate, practical, and performative.  That’s to say, the interpreters intervene in the textual field and alter the document(s) by adding new documents, by modifying texts in IVANHOE’s discourse field (adding, deleting, re-ordering and annotating texts), and by marking patterns of relation that these interventions generate.  The interpretive moves are meant to expose meaningful features of the textual field that were unapparent in its original documentary state.  Interpreters will also look for ways that their interventions might use or fold in with the interpretive moves of others working the collaborative session of IVANHOE.

VUEThe Visual Understanding Environment (VUE) project at Tufts UIT Academic Technology is focused on creating flexible tools for integrating digital resources into teaching and learning. VUE provides a visual environment for structuring, presenting, and sharing digital information. Using VUE's concept mapping interface, faculty and students design semantic networks of digital resources drawn from digital libraries, local and remote file systems and the Web. The resulting content maps can then be viewed and exchanged online.

http://vue.uit.tufts.edu

VUE - Pathways for Scaffolded Learning

http://vue.uit.tufts.edu

Udutu - online course builder and host

Note: Commercial product, not open source, but standards-based

Moving Content Around - simplifying sharing...

OpenCourseWare (OCW) in Motion

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http://www.ocwinmotion.com/doku.php

SIMILE Project Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments

http://tools.comm.wayne.edu/timeline/campusadrtimeline.html

http://home.comcast.net/~homestead1/sonic/timeline.html

http://simile.mit.edu

Bill Warters’ Simile Project Exampleshttp://tools.comm.wayne.edu/timeline/campusadrtimeline.html

Google Docs (datasource) & Simile’s Exhibit (display)

Copy Data for

Reuse

http://www.nornir.co.uk/lamrt/data/lamrt.html

Learning Management Systems content conversion

http://edtechpost.wikispaces.com/CMS+Conversion+Tools

OMEKA - platform for collections and exhibitshttp://omeka.org

OMEKA introduced http://thatpodcast.org

Sample Omeka-based Site http://objectofhistory.org

ePresence open source webcastinghttp://epresence.tv

Kaltura and WikiMedia Partnershiphttp://www.kaltura.com/devwiki/index.php/Main_Page

Interoperability - An Issue that will need to be addressed

Open Knowledge Initiative

The Open Knowledge Initiative (O.K.I) develops and promotes specifications that describe how the components of a software environment communicate with each other and with other enterprise systems. O.K.I. specifications enable sustainable interoperability and integration by defining standards for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). across a wide range of software application domains.

http://www.okiproject.org

OSIDs - the Repository Interface Example• Open Service Interface

Definitions (OSIDs)

• Agent

• Assessment

• Authentication

• Authorization

• Course Management

• Grading

• Hierarchy

• Logging

• Messaging

• Repository

• Scheduling

• Workflow

Making it easy(ier) to adopt OSIDs - a php framework

http://harmoni.sourceforge.net

The OER Ecology is Complex and Thriving

Emerging Tools reflect and spur creativity

Ivanhoe

SequeCurriki

VUE

Collex

Omeka

Kaltura

Simile

Sophie

Mahara

Elgg

Cohere

LeMill

Xerte

PachydermeXe

MediaMatrix

OpenLearn

Moodle

Send2Wiki

OCW in Motion

Summary Thoughts

• Tremendous Progress has been made creating new platforms for the creation, annotating, rating, collating and sharing of educational resources

• Universities have been central to most of the key developments

• Foundations are excited by work in this area and providing important resources and motivation for the development process

• Interoperability between platforms is now fully on the agenda

• Can Our University be more of a player in this space?

http://www.benkler.org/Common_Wisdom.pdf