en 1562-1997.pdf

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STD.BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 .. 1624669 0637810 757 ..

BRITISH STANDARD

Founding-Malleable cast irons

The European Standard EN 1562 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard

!CS 77.140.80

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGIIT LAW

Copyright by the British Standards Institution Mon Nov 01 09:43:57 1999

BSEN 1562: 1997

STD-BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 .. 1624669 0637811 693 ..

BS EN 1562 : 1997

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of tl,e Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997

BSI 1997

ISBN 0 580 28388 7

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National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1562 : 1997. It supersedes BS 6681: 1986. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Conunittee ISE/35, Cast iron, which has the responsibility to:

- aid enquirers to understand the text;

- present to the responsible European conunittee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

- monioor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK

A list of organizations represented on this conunittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred t;o in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled 'International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the 'Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Text affected


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STD.BSI BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 .. 1624669 0637812 52T ..

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAisCHE NORM

EN 1562

June 1997

JCS 77.140.80

Descriptors: Foundry engineering, cast iron, castings, malleable cast iron, designation, classifications, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, sampling, mechanical tests

English version

Founding - Malleable cast irons

Fonderie - Font,e malleable Gie:Bereiwesen - TemperguB

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-0EHJ2. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int.emal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unit.ed Kingdom.

CEN European Committee for Standardization

Comite Europeen de Normalisation Europfilsches Komitee fur Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1997 CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means .-eserved worldwide for CEN national Members

Ref. No. EN 1562 : 1997 E


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Page 2 EN 1562 : 1997

Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Corrunittee CEN!fC 190, Foundry technology, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Corrunittee CEN!TC 190 requested CEN!fC 190/WG 2.20, Malleable cast iron, to prepare the following standard:

EN 1562 Founding - Malleable cast irons

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.


Contents

Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 3.1 whiteheart malleable (decarburized)

cast iron 3.2 blackheart malleable

(non-decarburized) cast iron 3.3 primary graphite 4 Designation 5 Order information 6 Manufacture 7 Requirements 7.1 Mechanical properties of whiteheart

malleable cast iron 7.2 Mechanical properties of blackheart

malleable cast iron 8 Sampling 8.1 General 8.2 Number of test pieces 8.3 Size of test pieces 8.4 Other conditions 9 Test methods 9.1 Tensile test 9.2 0,2 % proof stress 9.3 Brinell hardness 10 Retests Annexes A (normative) Determination of 0,2 %

Page 2 3 3 3 3

3

3 3 3 4 4 4

4

5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

proof stress 7 B (normative) Brinell hardness 7 C (normative) Impact resistance and

ductility, especially at low temperatures 7 D (informative) Bibliography 7

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Introduction This European Standard deals with the classification of malleable cast irons. Malleable cast irons covered by this standard are classified into two groups. The first group is concerned with decarburized irons referred to as whiteheart malleable cast iron. The second group is non-decarburized irons referred to as blackheart malleable cast iron. Both groups, except completely decarburized whiteheart malleable cast iron, contain free carbon as graphite, called temper carbon. Both groups have grades with structures that can range from ferrite to pearlite and/or other transformation products of austenite. Materials are designated in terms of tensile strength and percentage elongation relative to a 12 mm diameter test piece for whiteheart malleable cast iron and 12 mm or 15 mm diameter test pieces for blackheart malleable cast iron. However, comparative values of tensile strength and percentage elongation after fracture are given for other test piece diameters. Castings having small wall thicknesses form a significant sector of the market. In order to represent their mechanical properties in this material standard, values for these properties, based on 6 mm diameter test pieces, have been included Annex A gives the requirements for the determination of 0,2 % proof stress. Annex B gives testing methods for the determination of Brinell hardness (HB) of malleable cast iron. Annex C gives further information on impact resistance and ductility, especially at low temperatures, and recommends restricting the phosphorus content as an aid to improving impact resistance and ductility of the cast material.

1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for malleable cast iron used in the manufacture of castings. This standard specifies two groups of material, namely whiteheart malleable cast iron and blackheart malleable cast iron. Each group is represented by several grades of material. Classification is given on the basis of mechanical properties determined on separately cast test pieces. This standard specifies 0,2 % proof stress values determined only when these values are requested by the purchaser. This standard specifies Brinell hardness values determined only when these values are requested by the purchaser. This standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for malleable iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3 This standard does not cover chemical composition, except phosphorus (see annex C).

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Page 3 EN 1562 : 1997

2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 1559-1

EN 1559-3

EN 10002-1

EN 10003-1

Founding- Technical conditwns of delivery - Part 1: General Founding - Techn'ical conditwns of delivery - Part 3: Additiarwl re,quirements for iron castings Metallic materiai_s - Tensile testing - Part 1: Metlwd of test (at ambient temperature) Metallic materiai_s - Brinell hardness test- Part 1: Test metlwd

NOTE. Informative references to documents used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography: see annex D.

3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.

3.1 whiteheart malleable ( decarburized) cast iron Cast iron which is cast white and then given a heat treatment in a decarburizing atmosphere to produce a material which is partially or entirely decarburized. Any remaining graphite is in the form of temper carbon. 3.2 blackheart malleable (non-decarburized) cast iron Cast iron which is cast white and then given a non-decarburizing heat treatment, and which contains graphite, all of which is in the form of temper carbon. NOTE to 3.1 and 3.2. To produce structures such as ferrite, pearlite or other transformation products of austenite, both groups depend upon either the malleablizing heat treatment, the subsequent additional heat treatment and/or additions of alloying elements.

3.3 primary graphite Graphite which occurs in a flake form. NOTE. Primary graphite is more correctly referred to as eutectic graphite.

4 Designation The material shall be designated either by s

0 rnbol or

by nwnber, as given in either table 1 or table 2.

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Page 4 EN 1562 : 1997

5 Order information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser:

a) the number of this European Standard (EN 1562); b) the designation of the material; c) any special requirements which have t;o be agreed at the time of acceptance of the order (see EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3).

6 Manufacture The method of manufacture of malleable cast iron, as well as its chemical composition and heat treatment, shall be left t,o the discretion of the manufacturer, who shall ensure compliance with the property requirements given in this standard for the material ordered. NOTE. For malleable cast iron materials to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and any special heat treatment may be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order.

7 Requirements 7.1 Mechanical properties of whiteheart malleable cast iron 7.1.1 Tensile strength and elongation When tested in accordance with clause 9, the values of tensile strength and percentage elongation after fracture (hereafter referred to as elongation) shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in table 1. 7.1.2 0,2 % proof stress When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order, 0,2 % proof stress shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of annex A and the 0,2 % proof stress values shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in table 1. 7.1.3 Brinell hardness When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order, Brinell hardness values shall be determined The method of testing and sampling shall be agreed in accordance with one of the methods specified in annex B.

Table I. Mechanical properties of whiteheart malleable cast irons Material designation Nominal Tensile Elongation 0,2% proof Brin ell

diameter of strength stress hardness test piece (for

information only)

d Rm Aa,4 Rvo,2 mm N/mrn2 % N/mm2 HB

Symbol Number minimum minimum minimum maximum

6 270 10 _1) 9 310 5 -

EN-GJMW-350-4 EN-JM IO IO 12 350 4 - 230 15 360 3 -6 280 16 _l) 9 320 15 170

EN-GJMW-360-122) EN-JMI02o2) 12 360 12 190 200 15 370 7 200 6 300 12 _l) 9 360 8 200

EN-GJMW-400-5 EN..JM1030 12 400 5 220 220 15 420 4 230 6 330 12 _1) 9 400 10 230

EN-GJMW-4507 EN-JM1040 12 450 7 260 220 15 480 4 280 6 - - _1) 9 490 5 310

EN-GJMW-550-4 EN-JM1050 12 550 4 340 250 15 570 3 350

I) Because of the difficulty in determining the proof stress of small test pieces, the values and the method of measurement shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 2l Material most suitable for welding. NOTE l. 1 N/rnm2 is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 2. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560. NOTE 3. The figures given in bold indicate the minimum tensile strength and minimum elongation A 3,4 to which the symbol of tl1e grade is related, and the preferred nominal diameter of the test piece and the corresponding minimum 0,2 % proof stress.


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7.1.4 Impact resistance and ductllity In order to optimize impact resistance and ductility, the maximum phosphorus content in the malleable iron shall be as indicated in annex C. 7.2 Mechanical properties of blackheart malleable cast iron 7.2.1 Thnsile strength and elongation When tested in accordance with clause 9, the tensile strength and elongation shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in table 2. 7.2.2 0,2 % proof stress When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order, 0,2 % proof stress shall be detennined in accordance with the requirements of annex A and the 0,2 % proof stress values shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in table 2. 7.2.3 Brinell hardness When requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order, Brinell hardness values shall be determined The method of testing and sampling shall be agreed in accordance with one of the methods specified in annex B. 7.2.4 Impact resistance and ductility In order to optimize impact resistance and ductility, the maximum phosphorus content in the malleable iron shall be as indicated in annex C.

8 Sampling 8.1 General

Page 5 EN 1562 : 1997

Test pieces shall be provided to represent the castings produced and shall be heat-treated in accordance with the in-house quality assurance procedures of the manufacturer. All test pieces shall be separately cast Test pieces shall be made from the metal used to produce the castings that they represent and shall be separately cast in sand moulds during the same period as when the castings are made. In all cases the test pieces shall be heat-treated by the same process as the castings that they represent 8.2 Number of test pieces The number of test pieces shall be determined by the manufacturer in accordance with the tonnage and types of casting to be produced and the requirement of the purchaser (see 5c). Additional test pieces shall be available in the event of retests being required (see clause 10).

Thble 2 Mechanical properties of blackheart malleable cast irons Material designation Nominal Tensile Elongation 0,2% Brin ell

diameter of strength proof hardness test piece1l stress (for information

only) d Rm A3,4 llpo,2 nun N/mm2 % N/mm2 HB

Symbol Number minimum minimum minimum

EN-GJMB-300-62) EN- JM11la2) 12 or 15 300 6 - 150 maximum EN-GJMB-350-10 EN-JM1130 12 or 15 350 10 200 150 maximum EN-GJMB-450-6 EN-JM1140 12 or 15 4fi0 6 270 150 to 200 EN-GJMB-500-5 EN-JM1150 12 or 15 500 5 300 165 to 215 EN-GJMB-550-4 EN-JM1160 12 or 15 550 4 340 180 to 230 EN-GJMB-600-3 EN-JM1170 12 or 15 600 3 390 195 to 245 EN-GJMB-650-2 EN-JM1180 12 or 15 650 2 430 210 to 260 EN-GJMB-700-2 EN-JM1190 12 or 15 700 2 530 240 to 290 EN-GJMB-800-1 EN.JM1200 12 or 15 800 1 600 270 to 320 I) Where a 6 mm diameter test piece is representative of the relevant wall thickness of a casting, this size of the test piece may be used by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. The minimum properties given in this table shall apply. Z) Material intended particularly for applications in which pressure tightness is more important than a high degree of strength and ductility. NOTE 1. 1 N/mm2 is equivalent to l MPa. NOTE 2. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560. NOTE 3. The figures given in bold are related to the minimum tensile strength and minimum elongation A 3 4 of the grade.

BSI 1997


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Page 6 EN 1562 : 1997

8.3 Size of test pieces The test pieces shall be in accordance with the shape and dimensions given in figure 1 and table 3 and shall be unmachined. NOTE. It is permissible for the dimensions of the shanks to be modified to suit the holding fixtures of the testing machine and for the joint line of the test piece to be fettled.

Figure 1. Tensile test piece

The diameter d is obtained from the average of two measurements taken in the same plane at right angles to each other. The two values shall not differ by more than0,7mm. The diameter d of the test piece shall not vary along the parallel length by more than 0,35 mm. 8.4 Other conditions In the case of whiteheart malleable cast iron, the diameter d of the test piece, in millimetres, shall be representative of the relevant wall thiclmess of the casting. For the pwpose of determining the diameter of the test piece to be used, the purchaser shall at the time of acceptance of the order indicate to the manufacturer which are the important sections. In the absence of any direction by the purchaser, the manufacturer may choose the diameter of the test piece to be used

9 Tust methods 9.1 Tensile test The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with EN 10002-1, but using an unmachined test piece produced in accordance with 8.3, 8.4 and table 3.

9.2 0,2 % proof stress The 0,2 % proof stress shall be detennined only if requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order. In this case, the test shall be carried out in accordance with annex A 9.3 Brinell hardness The Brinell hardness shall be determined only if requested by the purchaser and agreed at the time of acceptance of the order. In this case, the test shall be carried out in accordance with annex B.

10 Retests If a test piece fails any of the specified tests due to one of the following reasons, and not due to the quality of the iron, that result shall be invalid:

a) faulty mounting of the test piece or defective operation of the test machine; b) defective test piece; c) fracture of the test piece beyond the gauge marks; d) casting defect in the test piece, revealed after fracture.

If the test piece produces an invalid test result, and the test piece shows primary- graphite (eutectic flake graphite), no retests shall be permitted and the castings of which the test piece is representative shall be deemed to be nonconfonning. The presence of primary graphite shall be confirmed by metallographic examination. If the result of the test is invalid, two further test pieces shall be tested, taken from the additional test pieces in accordance with 8.2. If one of the additional test pieces fails, the castings of which they are representative shall be deemed to be nonconforming. NOTE. In the absence of further separately cast test pieces for blackheart malleable cast irons, the manufacturer has the option of submitting test pieces cut from a casting (castings) in an agreed position. The test results obtained from such test pieces should not be less than 80 % of the minimum value specified for the material concerned. In the absence of further separately cast test pieces for whiteheart malleable cast irons, details of testing and evaluation of the results should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

Table 3. Dimensions of tensile test pieces (see figure 1) Diameter Limit Original

deviations cross-on diameter sectional

area

d So

mm mm mm2

6 o,5 28,3 9 o,5 63,6

12 o,7 113,1 15 o,7 176,7 NOTE. Elongation A3 4 is measured on L0


Original gauge length

L0 ; 3,4 {.Sa mm

18 27 36 45

Parallel Minimum Preferred shank dimensions length radius at (for information only)

shoulder Diameter Length

Lr r D L

mm mm mm mm

25 4 10 30 30 6 13 40 40 8 16 50 50 8 19 60

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Annex A (normative) Detennination of 0,2 % proof stress The 0,2 % proof stress values Rpo,2 given in tables 1 and 2 shall be detennined on tensile test pieces, when this has been requesred by the purchaser. For the detennination of proof stress, the rate of increase of stress in the elastic range shall not exceed 20 N/mm2 per second. When the strain rate can be controlled, a rate of 1 % /min shall be set and maintained throughout the test so that I % strain is reached between 30 s and 60 s.

Annex B (normative) Brinell hardness B.1 General Brinell hardness is a useful additional characteristic of castings made in malleable cast iron. For any malleable cast iron, the determination of Brinell hardness enables the machinability of the material to be assessed Any decision to measure hardness shall be agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. However, its detennination should not be assessed in isolation as one parameter. Only an analysis of the relationship between hardness and structure enables a better understanding of the characterization of malleable cast iron to be made.

B.2 Sampling method The Brinell hardness test may be carried out using a test piece or a casting provided that the material has not been affected by any prior testing.

a) lf the test is to be carried out on a test piece, then this shall be perfonned on one of the shanks, either on a prepared surface or on a cross-section. b) lf the test is to be canied out on one casting, then this shall be performed on one or several points as defined and agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. The result can be obtained from a single determination or from a statistical method.

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B.3 Testing method

Page 7 EN 1562 : 1997

The test method given in EN 10003-1 shall be used for the determination of Brinell hardness, preferably with the largest compatible ball diameter in line with this standard. The test shall be canied out on an appropriately prepared surface so as to ensure a reliable result representative of the material.

B.4 Range of hardness values The range of hardness values to be accepted shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order.

Annex C (normative) Impact resistance and ductility, especlally at low temperatures Malleable cast irons have good impact resistance and ductility at low temperatures. The chemical composition shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer, but the phosphorus content should not exceed 0,10 % in castings intended to be given additional treatment (such as galvanizing) and/or in the case of castings for use at low temperatures. The impact resistance test is normally only requested for EN-GJMB-350-10 (EN..JM1130). lf impact resistance testing is required, then the method of testing shall be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order.

Annex D (informative) Bibliography 1n the preparation of this European Standard, use was made of a document for reference pwposes. This informative reference is cited at the appropriate place in the text and the publication is listed hereafter.

EN 1560 Founding - Design.J,tion system for cast iron - Material symbols and material numbers

STD-BS! BS EN 1562-ENGL 1997 .. 1624669 0637819 984 ..

BSEN 1562: 1997

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