enbe final report


Content:

1. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------pg 32. The City -------------------------------------------------------------------pg4-8 3. Investigation & Data Collection: The Ancient cities -----------pg9-114. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities ------pg12-165. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities --------pg17-206. The City of Subang ----------------------------------------------------pg21-227. The City of Mirace ----------------------------------------------------pg23-288. The Process and Progress -------------------------------------------pg29-339. The Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------- pg3410. References list -------------------------------------------------------------pg35



1. Introduction

This is the final project of the module Elements of Natural and Built Environment [FNBE 0115]. The title of the project is “The Future City Representation”. This project is divided into two parts where the first part is an individual component which requires students to produce a video presentation/slide presentation and an A4 booklet report and the second part is a group component.

Students are required to plan and design a futuristic city which is sustainable in future. Before designing, students are required to research on ancient, present and future cities to help on understanding what is a city. Besides, while planning the future city students shall consider and include the following aspects such as the geometric shape, main focus, zoning of the city and many more.

This project allows students to understand the component and elements of a city and how to create a better future city.



2. The City

(Describe the definition, your findings and information on what is a city, what makes a good city etc)

2.1 What is a city?2.2 What is the brief history2.3 What makes a good city2.4 What is the future city

2.1 What is a city?



Definition from Oxford Dictionary: 1 – A large town.

2 – The financial and commercial district of London, England.

There are actually no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English Language meanings, but generally cities contains something that a town doesn’t.

A city has complex systems for sanitation, transportation, water supply, sewage handling, energy supply and much more. Compared to a town, a city is more organised. It was built accordingly to various urban planning, zoning and to make perfect use for every land in it. Besides, a city is far more crowded than a town.

A city exists for many reasons. It acts as centres of storage, trade, and manufacture. Hence, city is often formed around marketplace and area where full with natural resources. More than that, city also serves as centre of government where the government takes place to control the city.

2.2 Brief History of City



During the early ages, cities were mostly formed at crossroads and transfer point where it provides ease to the people around to gather and carry out trading to obtain tools such as medicine, clothing, weapons and others that they can only obtain by trade. Hence, cities are also formed at harbours as trading at that time are only through land and water way. Then, some cities also formed by riversides and places where we can get natural resources such as oil, iron, coal for refine process. Besides, some cities also formed as centre of manufacture of steel and other materials. In addition, in some places where the climate is suitable, cities were built there for relaxations.

During ancient ages, cities also act as a protection to the resident inside. During war or attacks, the populace could flee behind city wall where the defend forces are assembled to repel the enemy in front. That’s why during ancient ages there were large and huge city walls built.

One great example was the Great Wall of China, built to defend the attack from some nomadic groups.

2.3 What makes a good city



A good city is not based on its appearance only; it is based on many different aspects such as having a secure water supply and sanitation system, a solid economy, a transportation network on every level, a strong tax base, educational services provided, safe, affordable housing price, great public spaces and much more.

Clean water supply and great waste and sewage handling system should be provided in a city as a basic service and it is a main factor that makes a clean city. A city must basically have a certain level of cleanness to prevent disease to spread and enhance the beauty of city. Besides, a good city should have great public spaces such as garden, park, plaza, malls, playgrounds and so on for people to congregate and promote neighborhood and a friendly society.

A good city should have a solid economy and a strong tax base so that people in the city will be secured of finance while living in the city. In other way, a city’s housing price should be affordable for different size of families or individuals. A variety of resident should be provided such as apartments, houses, condominiums, or bungalows. In addition, a city should equipped with affordable medical, social service, sanitation and fire protection service so that it won’t be a burden for people living in the city. Lastly, educational services such as primary schools, colleges, universities should be assessable in a city to provide ease for the people to get educated, producing quality residence.

One must not been forgotten is that a city must be safe, whenever in trading, on the street, living, and protected from diseases. To achieve this, higher protection of law in different aspect can be provided, more open spaces; lesser small corridors, enforced law in road using and rubbish treatment can be enforced.

As the world now is getting more and more concern of the environmental pollution issues, a city should take responsibility to reduce the produce of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. From this aspect a city should have reduced amount of private vehicles and reduced use of vehicle used longer than 5years as they provide more carbon dioxides. To reduce the amount of private vehicles, a great transportation network should be provided to every area of city so that people would not bother to use their own vehicles. Different type of transportation network can also be provided such as train, taxi, bus, ferry and others. Other than that, the city can have mixed use neighborhoods, density and walkable streets where some hospitality, retail, office, resident building are built in adjacent.

As conclusion, a good city is depended on various aspects and it requires corporation between government and people in the city and it may not built in one day.

2.4 What is the future city



There are currently many future city concepts and some future city projects were even started construction. Based on research, a future city should be a city which has a smart economy which provides innovation and competitiveness. Besides, in futuristic city concepts, complete and great transportation and infrastructure will be provided where producing a city which has a smart mobility. Everywhere in the city should be accessible in by public transportations.

More than that, a future city will have smart residents where they were high educated, equipped with different abilities such as social skills, creativity and technical skills. The people in the city will also has a good moral value and environmental friendly educated since young. A future city will also have a smart and beautiful environment which is sustainable and has resources. The city shall have parks and many green environments to provide comfort to people whether in sight or mind. In addition, a future city provides a quality life and culture for residents too.

In other aspects, a future city should be a city equipped with high technology and uses renewable energy which cause no harm to the environment. In other way, the future city is also a city that protects and enhance the environment.



3. Investigation & Data Collection:Ancient Cities

3.1 Introduction to Derinkuyu Underground City, Turkey3.2 Brief history of Derinkuyu3.3 Structure of Derinkuyu3.4 Conclusion of Derinkuyu3.5 What information or element that you can use to your new future city



3. Derinkuyu Underground City, Turkey

3.1 Introduction Derinkuyu Underground city is an ancient multi-level underground city of the Median Empire in the Derinkuyu district in Nevsehir Province, Turkey. The City has a depth of approximately 60m and it was large enough for approximately 20,000 people to live in with their livestock and food stores. It is the largest excavated underground city in Turkey. It was now opened for visit since 1969 and about half of the city is accessible to tourists.

3.2 Brief history of Derinkuyu The gorgeous underground city was believed first built in the soft volcanic rock of the Cappadocia region which possibly by the Phrygians in the 8th-7th centuries B.C according to the Turkish Department of Culture. The city might have enlarged in the Byzantine era. During the Persian Achaemenid empire, the city was used as a refugee settlements from the reference of the second chapter of the Zoroastrain book Vendidad. Hence, the city is believed by many scholars that it may have been built by the Persians.

3.3 The structure of Derinkuyu It was unknown exactly why and how the city was constructed. Inside the city were tunnels and chambers as picture below:

. Between every tunnel and chambers were divided by the stone doors which is approximately 1meter to 1meter and a half in height and between 200-500kg. The complex has a total of 13 stories which go deep into the ground, with ventilation shafts that brings air to even the deepest levels. The shaft also provided water to both the villagers above and to those in the underground city. The city has all the usual amenities found in other underground complex across Cappadocia such as wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories and chapels. Between



the third and fourth level is a vertical staircase which lead to a cruciform church on the lowest level. Unique to the Derinkuyu complex, and located on the second floor, there is a spacious room with barrel vaulted ceiling which has been reported that this room was used as a religious school and the rooms to the left were for studies.

3.4 Conclusion of Derinkuyu Derinkuyu Underground City is a very interesting and mysterious city to be discovered. Its complex structure, how it was built, and why it was built are an impossible for the people during that time. Some believed that the city was built as a hiding place from “aliens” or for the first Christians who were escaping from the persecution of Roman empire.

3.5 Elements that I got from the cityUpon investigation on Derinkuyu, I found that the ventilation shaft could be used in my future underground city to provide fresh air into it.



4.Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities

4.1 History of City of Melbourne, Australia4.2 Melbourne’s Sustainable Journey4.3 Issues in Melbourne4.4 Significant of Melbourne 4.5 Conclusion of Melbourne City4.6 What information or element that you can use to your new future city4.7 Etc



4.1 History of City of Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne is the youngest of all of the 'world cities'. Melbourne grew from a tiny speculative pastoral outpost in the 1850s into a world city within a mere 30 years, reaching around 1 million people by the turn of the century. Much of this phenomenal growth was due to the gold rush - one of the biggest in the world's history, which saw a huge influx of migrants bring instant wealth and prosperity to the city. In the 1880's Melbourne was given the title 'Marvellous Melbourne', and boasted a city that rivalled the great cities of Europe and North America. The city hosted the 1880 World's Fair, in the Royal Exhibition Building, which hosted the first parliament and still stands in the magnificent Carlton Gardens. The city was, until Canberra was built in the late 1920s, from 1901 the federal capital of Australia. Although Sydney eventually grew larger, Melbourne still remains the financial, sporting and cultural capital of the nation.

4.2 Melbourne’s sustainable journey

More than fifteen years, the City of Melbourne has been working to become one of the world top most sustainable cities.

With clear mind understanding that a successful future depends on understanding the risks that climate change poses, reducing their impact and becoming more resilient.

As part of this, their goal is for Melbourne to be carbon neutral by year 2020.

To achieve a sustainable Melbourne, the government came with different program and actions such as:

Council Actions

Built Council House 2 (CH2), Australia’s first 6 Star Green Star new office design. Led the way in environmentally sustainable design, creating a model for similar buildings.

Upgrading several of our council buildings, installing efficient heating, cooling and water systems. The amount of energy needed to light the town hall will be halved.

Delivering new waste solutions, producing organic matter for use in parks and gardens.

Supporting the city’s vibrant hospitality precincts to install similar technology.



Picture of CH2

Tree Plan

Urban Forest Strategy , a tree plan for the future, adapting to a changing climate.

Open Space Strategy.

New Technologies

Trialing cool roofs, green roofs, walls and facades.

Green transport

Has an extensive network of dedicated bike lanes and Swaston Street, the city’s main street is closed to car traffic.

Encourage walking and the use of public transport for work and city visits.

Water management

Building water tanks and stormwater harvesting systems. Encouraging recycled water technologies in the city’s major buildings.


Fitzroy Garden


Sustainable communities and precincts

Training residents in the Carlton housing redevelopment and broader community to reduce water, energy and waste.

4.3 Issues in Melbourne As the growth of Melbourne city continues, the city encounters few issues such as the ageing population in Melbourne. Besides, particles and ozone are the two major pollutant that exceed the air quality objective in Melbourne, which is the air pollution problem in Melbourne. Many animal and plant species in Melbourne is also threatened in the development of Melbourne. More than that, 70percent of resident in Melbourne lives in high-rise apartments and responsible for 22% of total water use of the city, sending 14thousands tonnes of waste to landfill per year and generating 7% of greenhouse gas emissions. The energy cost in Melbourne is also expected to increase due to factors such as political and social event restricting supply, natural disaster and peak oil demand. As more and more development happens, travelling around the city is more convenience by car as the city is getting bigger.


Stormwater Harvesting System in Darling Street, Melbourne.

Green Roof Cool Roof


Lastly, global warming is one of the issue that effected Melbourne. There are expected direct results of global warming such as more days with temperature higher than 35 degree celcius, increased temperature extremes and more violet storm and flash floods.

4.4 Significance of City of Melbourne

Melbourne tower is located directly on the middle of the picture.

The Melbourne tower is a very significant skyscrapper building in Melbourne as its specially designed outlook, external lighting and so on. It is a residential and commercial building where u can see the whole Melbourne on the top floor.

The planning of land of Melbourne city and the city is filled with artistic buildings. The landmark Yarra River in Melbourne also made Melbourne a significant city.

4.5 Conclusion of City of MelbourneThe City of Melbourne is a great city which promotes green factors and environments. It has voted to be the most livable city in year 2012.

4.6 Information and elements I got from City of MelbourneThe green roof which is a great building for a green city. Besides, the planning of City of Melbourne is also a great information for my new city.



5. Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities

5.1 Introduction to Tianjin Eco-City5.2 Master Plan of Tianjin Eco-City5.3 What makes Tianjin Eco-city a significant city 5.4 Conclusion 5.5 What information or element that you can use to your new future cityEtc



5.1 Introduction to TianJin Eco CityTianJin Eco-City is a undergoing project which the site is located 40Km from Tianjin city centre and 150Km from Beijing city centre. The site was eventually selected after a thorough study by both sides, taking into account considerations such as the state of development of the surrounding infrastructure, ease of accessibility and commercial viability. The Tianjin Eco-City’s vision is to be “ A thriving city which is socially harmonious, environmentally-friendly, resource-efficient – a model for sustainable development. The vision is underpinned by the concepts of “Three Harmonies” and “Three Abilities”. The “Three Harmonies” refer to social harmony, where people living in harmony with other people; economic vibrancy where people living in harmony with economic activities; environmental sustainability where people living in harmony with the environment. The “Three Abilities” refer to the ability of Eco-city being practicable which means that the technologies adopted in the Eco-city must be affordable and commercially viable. Besides, the eco-city should be replicable where the principles and the models of the Eco-city could be applied to other cities in China and even in other countries. Lastly, the city could be scalable where the principles and models could be adapted for another project or development of a different scale.

5.2 Master Plan of Tianjin Eco-cityThe Tianjin Eco-city’s Master Plan spells out the approved uses of its land. This plan attempts to strike a balance between competing needs, including the social, economic and environmental needs of the Eco-city.



There are 3 planning principles in Tianjin Eco-city which is the Land-use Planning, Transport Planning and Green and Blue Network Planning. Based on the principles, the Eco-city has a good mix of land use and every district are planned with amenities and jobs located close by. The city is planned to give ease for the residents in different ways such as the business parks are located close to the residential area to provide easy access to resident’s home. Besides, the Eco-city focuses on green transport while planning the city to minimize the use of private vehicles in the city. The aim is to increase amount of residents travelling around by using public transport and non-motorised modes of transport such as bicycle and walking. To achieve this, the city has a separated network of path for motorized and non-motorized transportation to reduce the conflict between them which is the pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles as the same time enhancing the safety of one who uses non-motorized transportations. The city is also planned with extensive green and blue network to provide a beautiful and comforting living and working environment for residents.



The components that the Eco-city made up of which is the Eco-cell. Each of the cells were about 400m x 400m large which is generally accepted as a comfortable walking distance. The eco community is made up by combining for Eco-cells and it goes onto Eco district which is made up of few Eco-community.

5.3 What makes Tianjin Eco-city a significant city?The structure, planning and design of Tianjin Eco-city made it a significant prototype for future cities. The well and specially designed building, well planned land uses and great amount of quality public spaces will be a good example for an eco-city.



The city in green with great amount of public spaces.

5.4 Conclusion of Tianjin Eco-CityTianjin Eco-City is a well-planned eco-city while providing a harmony space between human and environment. With the wide use of solar energy in the city, the harm to the earth is minimized. The city will truly become a model for future developed cities.

5.5 Information and element I get from Tianjin Eco-cityIn investigation in this futuristic eco city, the planning for land uses of the city is suitable for my future “X” city as it provides a comfortable and quality place for people to live.



6.The City of Subang

6.1 The introduction to City of Subang, Malaysia6.2 The people in City of Subang6.3 Cultural, needs, type of jobs in the city6.4 What would be a good future city for the population in City of Subang6.5 Conclusion of City of Subang

6.1 The introduction to City of Subang, MalaysiaThe City of Subang is a city located in Malaysia which has a population of approximately 500,000 people and the size of City of Subang is around 100km2.The city was built since 1990 and the massive development has never ended until it reaches its limit. Due to the massive development, the city had become not suitable for human live anymore when year 2033 reaches. The air pollution level in the city is higher than normal level, the massive traffics and industrial area in the city and also the untreated and processed landfills caused the city into a giant monster. Due to the bad environment in the city, most of the residents with the ability to move out had already left the city and in year 2033 the population in the city had left only approximately of 150,000 people living in suffer.

6.2 The people in City of SubangThere are 3 major races in City of Subang, which are the Malay, Chinese and Indian. Each races had their own religion, tradition and cultures. The Malay believes in Islam, the Chinese believes in Buddhism or Christianity and the Indians believe in Hinduism. Even though they have a different race, but peoples in the city are living in a harmony and accept each other’s



culture. The tradition and cultures of these 3 major races had made City of Subang a city with mixed culture and with different types of building designs filled with their own ethical styles.

6.3 Cultural, needs and type of job in the cityDue to the different races in the city, City of Subang have many different kind of festivals in different time, celebrated by different races but open for everyone. Various type of food with different cooking style and taste can be found in the city. Besides, peoples in City of Subang involves in different working field such as tourism, government, business, commercial, food, agriculture, industrial and others.

6.4 What will be a good future city for population in City of SubangAs the unchangeable fate for the end of city of Subang, a good future city has to be built for the population in there. According to the situation of the city, a future city of Subang should be well-planned, has a complete system of sanitary, water supply, electrical supply and so on. The city must also have clean air and more green aspects in the city. Last but not least, the city must have a good transportation link and other projects to reduce the amount of private vehicles in the city.

6.5 Conclusion about City of SubangThe City of Subang should has restrictions while building the city and control the development of the city.

7. The City of Mirace

7.1 The City of Mirace7.2 Why is it underground?7.3 Characteristic of City of Mirace7.4 Conclusion of City of Mirace



7.5 Etc

7.1 The City of MiraceThe City of Mirace is a new proposed city by the mayor of City of Subang Mr. Cheah Teck Wei to provide a new place to live for the residents in City of Subang. The City of Mirace is a futuristic underground eco-city which is planned based on the green facts.

7.2 Why is it underground?The City of Mirace is an underground city as the outside air had already being polluted and not suitable for human live. Besides, due to the global warming, the temperature outside is too high for human to live. With the natural protection and resistance of heat of the ground, the city is built in underground.



7.3 The characteristic of City of MiraceThe entrance to the City of Mirace is inside a huge tree. There will be bullet trains connecting other places entering the tree. Inside the tree is a platform where the peoples aboard from the train and get to the specially made elevator that go deep into the ground, which is the place where the City of Mirace located. The underground structure of the city is sustained by 13 huge pillars which connecting the bullet train stations in the City of Mirace. With these pillars the city is protected by earthquakes and earth movements.The City of Mirace is a well-planned eco-city where every place had its own use.

The zoning of the City of Mirace

The city is designed with 80% of the buildings are not taller than 6 stories, wide and green pedestrian passage and with a great amount of quality public spaces such as parks, gardens, plazas and so on to make people inside doesn’t feel stressed and living in a very packed place at the same time providing a comfortable place to living and work.



The Center of the city is planned with good mix of land uses where everything is accessible just by a few minutes’ walk. This is to provide ease and convenience for the people. There are also special residential which is unique in the city which is the earth house :

The earth house is built to the wall of ground.

Besides, the city has good systems of sanitary, electrical, water supply, sewage treatment and also rubbish collecting.

The underground rubbish collecting system



The sewage treatment system

The water supply system



The main energy source of the city is solar energy, where there will be solar panels on top of the tree to obtain sunlight to produce energy.

The electrical supply system

The only transportation link in the city is the bullet train system where it connects to everywhere of the city. As the city promotes walkability, there’s no other vehicle on ground. To achieve this, the city provides a safe and comforting passage for people to walk.

The bullet train link

The city also remained the old cultures in City of Subang. Monuments and religious building can be found in the City of Mirace too.

The main income of the city is from the agriculture and tourism. The city will has agricultural area with green house and marine breeding ponds to produce organic food for people in the city and also for exportation.

In addition, the police, fire fighter and ambulance in City of Mirace are equipped with futuristic aircrafts to maximize the mobility and efficiency.



7.4 Conclusion of the City of MiraceWith the future technologies and planning of the city, City of Mirace is believed to be a best place for human live.



8. The Process & Progress

Jonathan Barnett : City Design



Sketches

First zoning of the city

The entrance of City of Mirace



The inner view of the city

Overview of the city



How to get into the city



Perspective view of the city

Bullet trainn station



9. Conclusion

In this project I learnt a lot about building a city. There are many things to consider while building a city, not just doing it as you wanted to do so. I realized many things in our daily life which is so normal and ease to obtain is actually a giant structure underground such as the water supply system, sewage treatments and others. A good city is not based on its appearance but also sustainability, livability and much more different aspects. Hence, we should really keep our city clean and protect our city, keep away from vandalism and other activities that harm our cities as we know that Rome is not built in one day. Every city is the hard work of every constructor, designer and government. We should all protect and enhance the place we live together and to produce a great living place for everyone.



10. Reference Links

1. http://www.freep.com/article/20130108/NEWS01/130108058/detroit-works-future- city-concept-land-use

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin#Landmarks_and_Attractions 3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxZKV8lCvzs 4. http://travel.cnn.com/sydney/visit/reasons-melbourne-liveable-257261 5. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6968173.html 6. http://freshome.com/2013/05/21/organic-shapes-and-ravishing-sky-gardens-

parkroyal-hotel-singapore/7. http://www.thevenusproject.com/en/technology/city-systems 8. http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/2057-the-city-of-the-future/ 9. http://www.slideshare.net/shonasrish/theories-and-concepts-of-town-planning 10.http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/11/portland-grid-revisited.html 11.http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1313869 12.http://cbs.grundfos.com/india/lexica/WW_Sewer_system.html#- 13.Book : City Design Concepts14.Book : Key to sustainable cities


http://cbs.grundfos.com/india/lexica/WW_Sewer_system.html#-

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1313869

http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/11/portland-grid-revisited.html

http://www.slideshare.net/shonasrish/theories-and-concepts-of-town-planning

http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/2057-the-city-of-the-future/

http://www.thevenusproject.com/en/technology/city-systems

http://freshome.com/2013/05/21/organic-shapes-and-ravishing-sky-gardens-parkroyal-hotel-singapore/

http://freshome.com/2013/05/21/organic-shapes-and-ravishing-sky-gardens-parkroyal-hotel-singapore/

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6968173.html

http://travel.cnn.com/sydney/visit/reasons-melbourne-liveable-257261

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxZKV8lCvzs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin#Landmarks_and_Attractions

http://www.freep.com/article/20130108/NEWS01/130108058/detroit-works-future-city-concept-land-use

http://www.freep.com/article/20130108/NEWS01/130108058/detroit-works-future-city-concept-land-use

enbe final report

Technology

good city

futuristic city

city of subang

future city students

better future city

future city cheah teck

brief history of city

huge city walls