EnCOrE Chemistry, Education, Knowledge.

From the Real to the Virtual. Needs, Perceptions, Tools, Concepts

Montpellier, 05/12/2011

For organic chemists by organic chemists

http://www-fleming.ch.cam.ac.uk/http://www.fundp.ac.be/facultes/sciences/departements/chimie/recherche/centres/cos/

We plan to create a freely available, net-based, encyclopaedia of organic chemistry. It will remain up-to-date to assist education, and provide information and knowledge in organic chemistry at all levels from university students to practitioners in research. (I. Fleming, A. Krief, 28.08. 1999)

"In a time of turbulence and change, it is more true today than

ever that knowledge is power."

John Fitzgerald Kennedy State of the Union: Knowledge, 1963; White House Dinner Reception, April 1962;

http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_104_GreatQuotes.htm)

Chemistry ?

composition, structure, properties, matter, changes, reactions, atomic, molecular, supra-molecular, art.

Chemistry is the science of substances: their structure, their properties, and the reactions that change them into other substances (Pauling, Linus, 1947, General Chemistry. Dover Publications, Inc.. ISBN 0486656225.

Turnover 2009 € 1,900 billion (Basic) € 550 billion (Pharma)

Formal learning requires to take into account: • the past (what is known by the learner) • the future (what we want to achieve and to what

purpose)

Encyclopedia should be • inspiration for teachers to which they can link their

presentations • an help to learner to access more detailed information • a standardization of secure source of chemical

knowledge and data

WebScience for what purpose ?

Learning, Teaching & Chemical Encyclopedia

1. University of Mexico & IOCD (http://organica1.org) 2. Visits: 1,400 000 (2009); 1,850 000 (45,000 000 clicks, 2010);

>2,200 000 (2011) 3. Visited by students & Professors Universities of Mexico, Colombia,

Chile, Venezuela, 4. Reasons

1. Continuous update of the information for nearly 13 years (Since 1998)

2. Visitors are not required to register; 3. Material is free to use and in different versions, PDF, Power

Point, Flash, Text, HTML, etc 4. The programs are very visual and interactive in order to help

students to understand and learn difficult concepts. 5. Future

1. Developing applications for mobile, iphone and ipad (light version: free of charge;

2. Full version nominal cost of US$5-10, to generate resources to expand the program, and give more visibility to IOCD.

Distant Learning Course in Organic Chemistry

7

From Guttemberg to HTML

http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_knowledge/printpress.html http://www.greatsite.com/facsimile-reproductions/gutenberg-1455.html

Bolts Screws

Wranch Screw drivers

WebSicence = Tools?

E-learning = Series of tools?

Do we a need it? For what purpose ?

WebSicence = Database? E-learning = Series of Databases?

Concepts, Tools, Databases, Infrastructures

Teacher/learners interactions

Strategy 1. Understand how the Chemists behave 2. Understand how the Computer works 3. Describe protocols to transfer the message from Human to Computer 4. Use the proper language & psychology to train a Computer

Teacher/learner interactions (Human/Human) Computer / Human interactions

Chemical Information

ChemDic Describing Chemical terms

in context Name of chemists

Abbreviations

Entry to the Encyclopedia

Chemical dictionary Ontological dictionary

Etymological dictionary Grammatical dictionary Encyclopedic dictionary

Visual dictionary Translator

ChemEd Describing chemical structures

in text in context

Describing numbers related to

chemical structures in text

ChemGroup ChemOrg ©◊

Description of structures is related

to Visual perceptions

Hodler peignant « Le Faucheur » sur le toit de son atelier, rue du Rhône à Genève Photographie anonyme 1910 Winterthour SSP © Fotostiftung Schweiz, Winterthur

Visual perceptions: Photography of a painter painting

Camera, Film

Eye, Brain

Shared Vision "All our knowledge has its origins in our perceptions" (Leonardo da Vinci)

Perceive

Express Process

Galopping horse photograph by E. Muybridge (1878)

Mimesis & Perception of painters

Gericault

Gericault Miro

Photos and Retouching

Martial Caillebotte Gustave Caillebotte

Soins naturels NIVEAwww.nivea.be/pure&natural Soins enrichis en huile d'argan BIO Pour une belle peau, naturellement

http://www.creabar.com/tutoriaux,poupee.html

Caillebotte portrait

M. Minoret rowing

Martial Caillebotte

Martial Caillebotte

Gustave Caillebotte

Mimesis & contextual perception in chemistry

O7,7-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one

O O

C9H14O

H

O

HHH

H

H

HH

H

H

HH

H

H

0123PPM

1H NMR

1.59;1.34 1.99 2.15;1.90

1.88;1.62 2.03

0.990.99

O

020406080100120140160180200220240PPM

13CNMR

25.0

27.6 43.3 44.1218.5

58.1

45.2 21.121.1

O

Context Framework, Groups and Functional Groups

Context Name and Formula

Context Spectroscopy (NMR)

Mimesis & contextual perception in chemistry

N LiO LDAOH

HH

H

H

OLiOLi

HH

OH

HH

H

H

OLi

CH2MeLi

OLi

Me OLi

MeCH2Ph3P

LiBrOOO

MeH

H

OOH

H

+O

HH

+RO CN OR

CN

Context of synthesis

Contexte of reactivity

ChemEd : Graphical User Interface (GUI)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <structure id="s1" title="acetaldehyde.xml"> <fragment fNo="0" id="0carbon" title="carbon" type="base" linkHead1="" linkHeadId1=“” linkHead2="" linkHeadId2="" x1="" y1=""/> <fragment fNo="1" id="1carbonyl" title="carbonyl" type="singleLink" linkHead1="0”linkHeadId1="carbon-a1-o1" linkHead2="" linkHeadId2="" x1="" y1=""/> <fragment fNo="2" id="2hydrogen" title="hydrogen" type="singleLink" linkHead1="1” linkHeadId1="carbonyl-a1-o4" linkHead2="" linkHeadId2="" x1="" y1=""/> </structure>

O

Ontology1

Ontology 2

Ontology

4

Ontology 3

Ontology

5

azerty uiopqsdfghjklmùwx, cvbn bn wnwxn,n;wx cccccc

OH

HH

Query

Ccbnxw sssss bn wnwxn,n;wx cccccc sssssssss

Zzadcf gjdbn sxnkv;f,n;xw cccccc VVVVVVVVV

Query Query OO

“In a time of turbulence and change, it is more true today than ever that knowledge is power" (John Fitzgerald Kennedy, State of the Union, 1963; White House Dinner Reception, April 1962). "In the new economy, information, education, and motivation are everything" (William J. Clinton). "Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy" (Sigmund Freud). "Il est établit que nous ne pensons qu'avec le secours des mots; que les langues sont de véritables méthodes analytiques; que l'algèbre la plus simple, la plus exacte et la mieux adaptée à son objet de toutes les manières de s'énoncer, est à la fois une langue et une méthode analytique; enfin, que l'art de raisonner se réduit en une langue bien faite. Et en effet, tandis que je croyais ne m'occuper que de nomenclature, tandis que je n'avais pour objet que de perfectionner le langage de la chimie, mon ouvrage s'est transformé insensiblement entre mes mains, sans qu'il m'ait été possible de m'en défendre, en un traité élémentaire de chimie. L'impossibilité d'isoler la nomenclature de la science et la science de la nomenclature tient à ce que toute science physique est nécessairement formée de trois choses : la série des faits qui constituent. la science ; les idées qui les rappellent ; les mots qui les expriment. Le mot doit faire naître l'idée; l'idée doit peindre le fait : ce sont trois empreintes d'un même cachet ; et, comme ce sont les mots qui conservent les idées et qui les transmettent, il en résulte qu'on ne peut perfectionner le langage sans perfectionner la science, ni la science sans le langage, et que, quelque certains que fussent les faits, quelque justes que fussent les idées qu'ils auraient fait naître, ils ne transmettraient encore que des impressions fausses, si nous n'avions pas des expressions exactes pour les rendre" (A. Lavoisier, Traité élémentaire de Chimie, 1789). "La chimie crée son objet " (Marcelin Berthelot, 1860). "A scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it" (Max Plank). Research is what I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing (Wernher von Braun). "..dove la natura finisce di produrre le sue specie, l'uomo quivi comincia con le cose naturali, con l'aiutorio di essa natura a creare infinite spezie" (Leonardo da Vinci, Designi Anatomici). "Le langage est une législation, la langue en est un code" (Roland Barthes, Leçon inaugurale, Collége de France, 1977). "Tout comme il existe un domaine de la chimie moléculaire caractérisée par la molécule covalente, il existe un domaine de la chimie supramoléculaire qui est la chime des assemblages moléculaires et de la liaison intermoleculaire" (Jean-Marie Lehn,1978). "A man should look for what he thinks should be" (Albert Einstein). "Do not quench your inspiration and your imagination; do not become the slave of your model" (Vincent Van Gogh). "Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school" (Albert Einstein). "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world" (Nelson Mandela). “Never doubt that small group of dedicated individuals can change the world. In fact it is the only thing that ever has" (Magaret Mead). “Facts are the air of scientists. Without them you can never fly" (Linus Pauling). "Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world" (Archimede). "All our knowledge has its origins in our perceptions" (Leonardo da Vinci). Iron rusts from disuse; water loses its purity from stagnation even so does inaction sap the vigor of the mind (Leonardo da Vinci). "Man is the best computer we can put aboard a spacecraft, and the only one that can be mass produced with unskilled labor" (Wernher von Braun). Analogies, it is true, decide nothing, but they can make one feel more at home" (Sigmund Freud). "Conscience is a man's compass" (Vincent Van Gogh). "Eppur si muove" (Galileo Galile, 1633). "If you will it, it is no dream" (Theodor Herzl. "Le meilleur travail n'est pas celui qui te coûtera le plus ; c'est celui que tu réussiras le mieux " (Jean-Paul Sartre, 1948). Lorsqu'un nouveau domaine de science apparait, grandit et murit, il élabore des concepts fondamentaux et génère une terminologie pour nommer les concepts qui le définissent et les objets qui le constituent. Le fait de conceptualiser et de nommer joue un rôle très important non seulement pour donner forme au domaine mais aussi parce qu'il offre un projet à l'imagination créatrice-tant il est vrai que l'imagination peut se laisser emporter par la magie des mots et entrainer par le pouvoir évocateur et stimulant des concepts (Jean-Marie Lehn, 1995). "After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb" (Nelson Mandela). Age is whatever you think it is. You are as old as you think you are" (Muhammad Ali). "Silence is the ultimate weapon of power" (Charles de Gaulle). "A man who views the world the same at fifty as he did at twenty has wasted thirty years of his life"(Muhammad Ali). ). "J'ai entendu vos points de vue. Ils ne rencontrent pas les miens. La décision est prise à l'unanimité" (Charles de Gaulle). "Time destroys everything" (Monica Bellucci). "In today's knowledge-based economy, what you earn depends on what you learn" (William J. Clinton). "Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other" (Abraham Lincoln). "We all need illusions. That's why we love movies" (Monica Bellucci). Ugliness is in a way superior to beauty because it lasts (Serge Gainsbourg). ). "Better to die standing, than to live on your knees (Ernesto "Che" Guevara)

"..dove la natura finisce di produrre le sue specie, l'uomo quivi comincia con le cose naturali, con l'aiutorio di essa natura a creare infinite spezie" (Leonardo da Vinci, Designi Anatomici)

“Never doubt that small group of dedicated individuals can change the world. In fact it is the only thing that ever has" (Magaret Mead)

"In the new economy, information, education, and motivation are everything” (William J. Clinton).

Physical properties

Physical changes

Changes of state

matter

material

pure chemical substance isotopically

homogeneous

mixture of chemical substances chemical substance

pure chemical substance

methane, graphite

isComposedOf

pure chemical substance isotopically heterogeneous

chemical substance natural abundance

13CH4, C2H4

isotopically enriched chemical substance

EnCOrE Organization from Matter to Substance

Chemical properties

Chemical changes

Energy

Kinetic energy

Radiative energy

Potential energy

Chemical changes

Exothermic Change

Endothermic Change

Chemical reaction

Inorganic reaction

Chemical Transformation

Organic reaction

Conformationnal changes

Named reactions

Transformation type

Addition

Elimination

Substitution

Oxidation status

Rearrangement

Reduction

Oxidation

hysoipsic

solid/liquid/gaz

EnCOrE Organization from Matter to Substance

Physical properties

matter

material

pure chemical substance isotopically

homogeneous

mixture of chemical substances chemical substance

pure chemical substance

methane, graphite

isComposedOf

pure chemical substance isotopically heterogeneous

chemical substance natural abundance

13CH4, C2H4

isotopically enriched chemical substance

Chemical properties

Energy

solid/liquid/gaz

heterogeneous homogeneous

composite

colloid

multiphase

interface

solution

single phase

molarity solute solvent composition

EnCOrE Organization from Matter to Substance Pure chemical substance

isotopically homogeneous

Atom

Element Like H, C, O

covalent bond

Isotope Like 1H, 2H, 3H

Molecule Helium, chlore, methane

isAKindOf isACollectionOf

Supramolecule

Metallic compounds

Molecular compounds

Ionic compounds

Supramolecularcompounds

Metal

Strong interaction

Ion

Radical

Species Interaction

Radical-ion

Intermediates

Week interaction

mechanical bond

metallic bond Cation-Pi interaction

Pi-Pi interaction

Van der Walls interaction

Hydrogen bonding

Hydrophobic interaction

Dipole/dipole interaction

Ion/dipole interaction

From Atom to AtomGroup A A

A A A

A A A A

A A A A A

A A A A A A

NH3

O3

CH4 NH4

+ SO4

2-

H2O HCl

BF3 CH3

+

VSEPR Theorie Linear0 Linear

trigonal planar Bent

Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal

Trigonal bipyramide Seesaw

T-shaped Octahedral

Square pyramidal Square

BeCl2

SF6 Fe(CN)6

3- Fe(CN)6

4- Ni(NH3)6

2+

From Atom to Functional Group Hydrogen Element

H

Hydrogen AtomGroup

H

Hydrogen Radical

H

Hydride ion

H

Hydronium ion

Hydrogen Atom

Deuterium Atom

Tritium Atom

Hydrogen Isotopes

From Atom to Functional Group Carbon Element

Carbon AtomGroup

C

Carbon Radical

C

Carbanion

CCarbenium

ion

Carbon Isotopes

11-Carbon

12-Carbon

13-Carbon

14-Carbon

C

C

C

C

C C C

Carbene Di-carbanion Di-carbenium

Carbonium ion

C

C C CC CRadical-cation Radical-anion

C

CC

Aromatic carbon

C

Knowledge?

Kowledge can include facts and information, as well as understanding that is gained through experience, education or reason. It can be: implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject), more or less formal or systematic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge)

Knowledge is human faculty resulting from interpreted information; understanding that germinates from combination of data, information, experience, and individual interpretation. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/knowledge.html

Knowledge has come to be recognized as a factor of production in its own right, and distinct from labor.

Knowledge differs from data or information in that new knowledge may be created from existing knowledge using logical inference. If information is data plus meaning then knowledge is information plus processing (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/knowledge)

The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines

Learning may occur as a result of habituation or classical conditioning, (seen in many animal species, or as a result of more complex activities such as play, seen only in relatively intelligent animals). Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness. Play has been approached by several theorists as the first form of learning. (Lev Vygotsky, Social constructivism)

Human learning may occur as part of education, personal development, or training. It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation. The study of how learning occurs is part of neuropsychology, educational psychology, learning theory, and pedagogy.

Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information.

Learning ?

Learning?

Learning is the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill (The free dictionary)

Learning is knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study (The free dictionary)

Learning is behavioral modification especially through experience or conditioning (The free dictionary)

Learning is measurable and relatively permanent change in behavior through experience, Learning is "detection and correction of error" where an error means "any mismatch between our intentions and what actually happens" (Harvard Business School psychologist Chris Argyris) (Business dictionary

E-Learning

E-learning that is supported by information and communication technologies (ICT). E-learning is, therefore, not limited to ‘digital literacy’ (the acquisition of IT competence) but may encompass multiple formats and hybrid methodologies, in particular, the use of software, Internet, CD-ROM, online learning or any other electronic or interactive media (European Commission).

E-learning is essentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio (Wikipedia).

E-Learning?

Chemistry ?

Chemistry is the science of matter Chemistry is the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions. (wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn)

Chemistry is the science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chemistry

Chemistry is the art of resolving mixt, compound, or aggregate bodies into their principles; and of composing such bodies from those principles (Stahl, 1730, Philosophical Principles of Universal Chemistry. London.)

Chemistry is the science of substances: their structure, their properties, and the reactions that change them into other substances (Pauling, Linus, 1947, General Chemistry. Dover Publications, Inc.. ISBN 0486656225.

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes (Chang,1998, Chemistry, 6th Ed.. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-115221-0)