end of course biology - solpass · 2015-01-23 · end of course biology session: 22 page: ... frog...
TRANSCRIPT
VIRGINIA
STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS
Spring 2001 Released Test
END OF COURSEBIOLOGY
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Property of the Virginia Department of Education
� 2001 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James MonroeBuilding, 101 N. 14th Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Exceptas permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from thecopyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may photocopy orprint any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposes without requestingpermission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting.
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DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer. Then mark the space on the answersheet for the answer you have chosen.
SAMPLE
The following pictures show somestages during asexual reproduction ofa hydra. Which picture shows the firststep?
1
Which frog species would be mostlikely to interbreed?
A Peeper and leopard �
B Wood and pickerelC Bullfrog and greenD Tree and pickerel
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March1
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WoodFrog
PeeperFrog
LeopardFrog
TreeFrog
GreenFrog
Bullfrog
Pickerel Frog
May1
June1
July1
Mat
ing
Act
ivity
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Biology
3
2
What is the correct sequence for plantcell mitosis?
F A, B, D, CG C, B, A, D �
H B, A, D, CJ D, C, B, A
3
According to the graph, the highestmetabolic rate is found in —
A amphibiansB reptilesC birds �
D mammals
A
B
C
DMetabolic Rate
Salamander
Rabbit
Dog
Hibernating Frog
Snake
Lion
Hummingbird
Low High
Animal Metabolic Rates
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4
A student wrote this description of acell after looking at it under amicroscope. Which type of cell was thestudent most likely describing?
F Animal cellG Fungus cellH Bacterium cellJ Plant cell �
5 In 1893, a one-million acre area of theGrand Canyon National Forest Reservewas home to an estimated 3,000 RockyMountain mule deer. Cattle, sheep, andhorses also roamed the reserve. In1906, government hunters killed offhundreds of mountain lions, coyotes,and bobcats when the area was setaside as the Grand Canyon NationalGame Preserve. The number of RockyMountain mule deer rose to over100,000 by 1923. What was theapproximate density of the mule deerin 1923?
A 1 for every acreB 1 for every 10 acres �
C 1 for every 100 acresD 1 for every 1,000 acres
6 A biology class wanted to develop aresearch project to predict the effectsof a new highway on wildflowerspecies found in the Piedmont regionof Virginia. The class could bestconduct such a study by samplingflowers found in the highwayconstruction area —
F one year before highway constructionbegins
G both before and after highwayconstruction is completed �
H immediately after highway constructionis finished
J during the time highway construction istaking place
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7
In order to form recombinant DNA,scientists have found a way to cut aDNA segment using an enzyme namedEcoRI. This enzyme cuts DNAwherever the sequence C-T-T-A-A-Goccurs between the A and the G base.Which of these would result if EcoRIwere used on the DNA in the diagramabove?
8
The graph shows the amount ofpollutants removed by trees. DuringOctober, the trees were able to removethe greatest amount of —
F ozoneG particulates �
H NO2
J SO2
9 The reduction of the chromosomenumber during meiosis is mostimportant for —
A preventing the nucleus from becominglarger with each cell division
B maintaining the chromosome numberduring sexual reproduction �
C keeping the amount of DNA in the cellat a minimum level
D allowing the growth of the cell withoutincreasing the DNA content
G-G-T-A-C-A-G-A-T-C-T-T-A-A-G-C-A-A
G-G-T-A-C-A-G A-T-C-T-T-A-A G-C-A-A
G-A-T-C-T-T-A-A-G-C-A-AG-G-T-A-C-A
G-G-T-A-C-A-G-A-T-C-T-T-A-A G-C-A-A
A-T-C-T-T-A-A-G-C-A-AG-G-T-A-C-A-G
A
B
C
D
�
J F M A M J J A S O N D
100
0
200
300
400
500
Month
Am
ount
of P
ollu
tion
Rem
oved
in M
etric
Ton
s
OzoneParticulatesNO2SO2CO
Air Pollution Removed from One Region
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6
10
A biology student collected pineneedles from four different species oftrees. She then made diagramsshowing the number and actual lengthof needles in a bundle and the commonand scientific name of each species.Use her diagram above to help youanswer the following question. Thesefour different pine trees are notclassified in the same —
F orderG species �
H genusJ phylum
11 In the human body, the circulatorysystem transports and deliverssubstances. Within the cell, whichorganelle performs a similar function?
A NucleusB Golgi apparatusC MitochondrionD Endoplasmic reticulum �
12 Wild cats such as cheetahs, lions, andtigers experience decreased geneticdiversity as their populations declineand become fragmented due to habitatdestruction. Decreased geneticdiversity leads to populations with —
F disproportionate gender ratiosG decreased disease resistance �
H increased immigration ratesJ increased birthrates
13 The body of which of these organismshas the least specialized organization?
A JellyfishB Sea urchinC StarfishD Sponge �
Virginia PinePinus virginiana
Shortleaf PinePinus echinata
Eastern White PinePinus strobus
Longleaf PinePinus palustris
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14 Two plant species found in a dryregion of the western United Statesexhibit vastly different abilities tosurvive. Species A has very slow stemgrowth and few leaves but is veryabundant. Species B has rapid stemgrowth and many leaves but is veryrare. Which hypothesis is most likelysupported by this information?
F Leaf shape may give species B anadvantage over species A.
G Flower size and color may give species Ban advantage over species A.
H Reduced root growth may give species Aan advantage over species B.
J Reduced stem growth may give speciesA an advantage over species B. �
15
In 1910, Thomas Morgan discoveredtraits linked to sex chromosomes in thefruit fly. The Punnett square aboveshows the cross between red-eyedfemales and white-eyed males. Fruitflies usually have red eyes. If a femaleand male offspring from the crossshown above are allowed to mate, whatwould the offspring probably look like?
A 2 red-eyed females; 2 white-eyed malesB 2 red-eyed females; 1 red-eyed male, 1
white-eyed male �
C 1 red-eyed female and 1 white-eyedfemale; 2 red-eyed males
D 2 white-eyed females; 1 white-eyed maleand 1 red-eyed male
X r
X RX rX R
Y
X RY
X RX rX R X RY
White-EyedMale
Red
-Eye
dF
emal
e
All offspringhave red eyes.
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16 A symbiotic relationship in which oneorganism benefits while one organismis harmed is known as —
F antagonismG commensalismH mutualismJ parasitism �
17 Cell Organelles and FunctionsKingdom Metabolism Control Covering Food
Production
Fungi mitochondria nucleus cell wall none
Animalia mitochondria nucleus cell membrane none
Plantae mitochondria nucleus cell wall chloroplasts
Protista mitochondria nucleus cell membrane some withchloroplasts
Monera ribosomes DNAstrand
cell wall none
Which of these statements is supportedby the data shown in the table?
A Most kingdoms are made up ofprokaryotic cells.
B All cells have nuclei for control of cellfunctions.
C Eukaryotic cells vary in covering and infood production. �
D Each of the kingdoms has differentorganelles for metabolism.
18
The picture shows a coverslip correctlybeing lowered onto a slide. Thismethod is used because it —
F reduces the possibility of air bubbles onthe slide �
G prevents the escape of microorganismsfound in the water
H allows microorganisms to move freely inthe water
J prevents the coverslip from moving
19 Tall land plants have requirementsdifferent from those of aquatic plants.Which of these must the tall landplants have that aquatic plants do notneed?
A Photosynthetic abilitiesB Organelles for respirationC A means of reproductionD Thick-celled walls �
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20 Which of the following is an example ofa genetically engineered organism?
F A plant that received external DNA toproduce natural insecticides �
G A new plant variety created bycross-pollination
H Seedless fruits resulting from grafting ofone plant onto another
J A plant that naturally possessesmedicinal properties
21 These feet belong to different birds.Three of the birds spend most of theirtime on the ground, while one birdrarely walks on the ground. Which footbelongs to the bird that is best adaptedfor grasping branches?
22
A chart of human chromosome pairs iscalled a karyotype. What informationis revealed in the karyotype above?
F The sex �
G The ageH TrisomyJ Gene dominance
23 A microorganism which releases waterinto its environment to regulate itssalinity during osmosis is undergoing aprocess that is similar to a humanbeing who releases moisture on a hotday. This process that helps keep boththe microorganism and the humanbody fluids in balance is known as —
A homeostasis �
B cell divisionC heredityD mutation
A C
B D
�
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 XX
Human Karyotype
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24 Henry’s project is on porcupinepopulations in Virginia. He would liketo use the phone book to help himmake contacts. His most reliablecontacts would probably be found bylooking in the phone book under —
F travel agenciesG newspapersH state agencies �
J civil engineers
25 Scientists found the fossilized remainsof a canine’s jaw and leg. Whatinformation must first be obtainedbefore the scientists can place thefossils in the ancestral time line of thedog?
A The rest of the skeletonB The continent where the fossils were
foundC The age of the fossils �
D The population trends for the species
26
The above graph shows how dissolvedO2 and CO2 levels changed in a pondover a 24-hour period. What caused thedecrease in O2 concentration duringthe night?
F Increased evaporationG Decreased photosynthesis �
H Increased respirationJ Decreased temperatures
27
According to the graph, addition of theenzyme amylase causes the reactionto —
A slow downB speed up �
C give off heatD take in heat
O2 and CO2 Levels in a Pond
Con
cent
ratio
nof
Gas
es
Night NightDay
O2
CO2
Effect of Amylase Enzymeon Starch Digestion Rate
Time (sec)
Rat
e of
Dig
estio
n (m
L/m
in)
6020 100400 800
10
20
30
40
50
60
70without amylasewith amylase
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28
A flower with this shape would usewhat type of pollinator?
F WindG MammalH RainJ Hummingbird �
29
According to this chart, the insectsthat are most closely related are the —
A springtails and bristletailsB dragonflies and proturansC springtails and proturans �
D bristletails and mayflies
Primitive WinglessInsects
Diplurans
Proturans
Springtails
DragonfliesDamselflies
Mayflies
JumpingBristletails
Bristletails
Wing FoldingEvolved
OtherInsects
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30
Which of these segments could be usedto correctly complete the DNAmolecule in the diagram above?
31 The nonpoisonous eastern scarletsnake has colored bands that closelyresemble the poisonous coral snake.This selective adaptation provides theeastern scarlet snake with —
A increased breeding opportunitiesB a method of avoiding predation �
C the ability to attract preyD increased feeding opportunities
32
In pea plants, tall plants are dominantto short plants. If two heterozygoustall plants are crossed, what percent ofthe offspring will probably be short?
F 75%
G 50%
H 25% �
J 0%
A
C
G
T
DNA Molecule Segment
Phosphategroup
5-carbonsugar
Pairing of Nitrogen Bases
Adenine pairs with thymine.Cytosine pairs with guanine.
T
A
C
G
A
G
T
C
G
C
A
T
T
G
C
A
F H
G J �
T t
T T
t
T
t t
T t
T t
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33 Comparison of Photosynthesisand Respiration
Photosynthesis Respiration
Raw Materials water and CO2 glucose and oxygen
Products glucose and oxygen water and CO2
Purpose store energy release energy
The processes of photosynthesis andrespiration can be thought of as a cyclebecause —
A one is used only by plants and the otheris used only by animals
B both give off oxygen to be used byanimals
C the products of one are used as the rawmaterials of the other �
D they both have the same purpose
34
All the organisms shown above belongto the Phylum Chordata. Thestructural similarity in the organismssuggests that —
F the humerus is attached to the skeletonby immovable joints
G only animals that walk on 4 legs needthe humerus
H the humerus is the same size in allchordates
J chordates have common ancestors �
Bat
Humerus
Humerus
Humerus
Humerus
Pigeon
Crocodile
Frog
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35 People long ago believed that maggotscame from meat. In the late 1600s,Francesco Redi made the hypothesisthat maggots came from flies ratherthan from meat. Which of theseexperimental designs could be used totest Redi’s hypothesis?
36
Which level of this food pyramidrepresents the largest biomass?
F BassG MinnowsH CopepodsJ Algae �
37 What is the major function of thevalves found in human veins?
A Preventing movement of blood clotsB Reducing the back flow of blood �
C Adding oxygen to blood plasmaD Slowing the red blood cells
Meat No meat
No Covers
Meat No meat
Cover No Cover
Meat Meat
CoverNo Cover
Meat Meat
No Covers
A
B
C
D
�
Bass
Minnows
Copepods
Algae
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38
The above diagram shows the processof osmosis. Only the water moleculescould enter the cell because watermolecules —
F have more energy than the proteinmolecules
G are smaller than the protein molecules �
H are more numerous than the proteinmolecules
J contain more hydrogen atoms than theprotein molecules
39 Cleaner fish feed off the algae, fungi,and other microorganisms that arefound on larger fish. Other species offish, which look like the cleaners, areable to approach the larger fish andremove large bites of flesh. If thelook-alike populations outnumber thecleaner fish, the —
A microorganisms on large fish woulddecrease
B cleaner populations would increaseC behavior of large fish would change �
D cleaners and mimics would interbreed
40 The 14 different species of finches inthe Galapagos Islands originated froma single ancestral species. What is itabout these islands that is responsiblefor the diversity of finch species?
F The islands are made of volcanic peaks.G Each island has different food sources. �
H Each island has a different climate.J The islands are clustered near each
other.
Water molecule
Protein molecule
Cell
Before After
3 hours
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41
According to the table, which graphbelow illustrates the calories used for1 hour of jogging followed by 2 hoursof walking?
42
According to this table, a codon AGC isthe code for which amino acid?
F Cysteine (Cys)G Leucine (Leu)H Serine (Ser) �
J Tyrosine (Tyr)
Activity Calories Used(per hr)
Walking 80
Gymnastics 170
Jogging 240
Tennis 280
Bicycling 320
Swimming 440
Calorie Use Table(by 120 lb adult female)
20 31 40
100
200
300
400
500
Time (hr)
Cal
orie
s
20 31 40
100
200
300
400
500
Time (hr)
Cal
orie
s
20 31 40
100
200
300
400
500
Time (hr)
Cal
orie
s
20 31 40
100
200
300
400
500
Time (hr)
Cal
orie
s
A
B
C
D
�
Second Base
Genetic Code for Amino Acids
Third B
ase
First B
ase
U
UPhe
CSer
ATyr
GUCys
Phe Ser Tyr CCys
Leu Ser stop Astop
Leu Ser stop GTrp
C
Leu Pro His UArg
Leu Pro His CArg
Leu Pro Gin AArg
Leu Pro Gin GArg
A
Ile Thr Asn USer
Ile Thr Asn CSer
Ile Thr Lys AArg
Met Thr Lys GArg
G
Val Ala Asp UGly
Val Ala Asp CGly
Val Ala Glu AGly
Val Ala Glu GGly
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43
According to this simplified watercycle, the process of transpiration isthe process that —
A causes photosynthesis in plantsB releases water vapor from plants �
C speeds the evaporation of waterD increases the rate of the water cycle
44 Which of these is capable of movingquickly in response to itsenvironment?
The Water Cycle
Precipitation
EvaporationTranspiration
Runoff water
Ground water
Condensation
RiverOcean
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Elodea
Nuclear area
Coccus bacterium
Nuclei
Mildew
Spore
Hypha
Nucleus
Cilia
Paramecium
F
G
H
J �
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45 Which sentence best states theimportance of using control groups?
A Control groups allow comparisonbetween subjects receiving a treatmentand those receiving no treatment. �
B Control groups eliminate the need forlarge sample sizes, reducing the numberof measurements needed.
C Control groups eliminate the need forstatistical tests and simplify calculations.
D Control groups provide a method bywhich statistical variability can be reduced.
46 The respiration system of frogs differsfrom mammals because frogs —
F have lungs at hatching and develop gillsfor life in the water
G hatch with gills and develop lungs asthey mature �
H have gills throughout their life cycleJ breathe only through their skin
47
The hypothesis best supported by thisgraph is that these beetles are mostactive when the area is —
A free from predatorsB coolest with some sunlight �
C wettest from dewD richest in oxygen supplies
Time
6 8 10 NOON 2 4 6 8
10
20
30
40
Num
ber
of A
ctiv
e B
eetle
s
Active Periods ofSome Black Beetles
A.M. P.M.
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48
Which order of diagrams would showprimary succession in an area that hadnever before been occupied by livingorganisms?
F A, C, B, DG C, A, B, D �
H D, B, C, AJ B, A, C, D
49 Which of these statements bestsummarizes the cell theory?
A Cells contain a nucleus and other parts.B Cells come in different shapes and sizes.C Cells can be seen through a microscope.D Cells are the building blocks of living
things. �
50 Which of these functions most like the“brain” of a cell?
F The nucleus �
G The Golgi apparatusH The mitochondrionJ The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A B C D
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Answer KeyTest
SequenceCorrectAnswer
ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description
1 A 004 Interaction of Life Forms
2 G 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
3 C 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
4 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
5 B 001 Scientific Investigation
6 G 001 Scientific Investigation
7 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
8 G 001 Scientific Investigation
9 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
10 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
11 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
12 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms
13 D 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
14 J 001 Scientific Investigation
15 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
16 J 004 Interaction of Life Forms
17 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
18 F 001 Scientific Investigation
19 D 004 Interaction of Life Forms
20 F 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
21 A 004 Interaction of Life Forms
22 F 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
23 A 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
24 H 001 Scientific Investigation
25 C 004 Interaction of Life Forms
26 G 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
27 B 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
28 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
29 C 001 Scientific Investigation
30 J 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
31 B 004 Interaction of Life Forms
32 H 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
33 C 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
34 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
35 C 001 Scientific Investigation
36 J 004 Interaction of Life Forms
37 B 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
38 G 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
39 C 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
40 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms
41 B 001 Scientific Investigation
42 H 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
43 B 004 Interaction of Life Forms
44 J 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
45 A 001 Scientific Investigation
46 G 003 Life at the Systems and Organisms Level
47 B 001 Scientific Investigation
48 G 004 Interaction of Life Forms
49 D 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
50 F 002 Life at the Molecular and Cellular Level
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