end of mission report - humanitarianresponse · their humanitarian operation from bamako,...

Inter-Agency WASH Rapid Assessment Team (RAT): Project funded by

End of Mission Report

MALI, May/June 2012

Report author(s): Luca Salone, Oxfam GB and Monica Ramos (CARE)

Final Report Submitted: 04 June 2012

Report Distribution: Via WASH Cluster, Mali

2 RAT Mali Eom Report_130612

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The RAT Focal Points of the inter-agency consortium of CARE, Oxfam GB and IFRC deployed two members from the RAT to Mali in consultation with UNICEF WASH Manager in Mali. Oxfam GB and CARE provided the respective WASH RAT Coordinators for up to a four week deployment in Mali, with the team arriving in country on May 9th, 2012. On May 17th, 2012, the WASH Cluster in coordination with the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) oriented the RAT deployment to assess the risk of failure of the water supply distribution networks in the urban centers of Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou. Due to the security constraints in country, a remote assessment was the only option possible through the use of a national assessment team which was deployed to Gao. According to the assessment findings, of the three assessed urban networks, it has been found that the water supply distribution network operated by SOMAGEP Gao is the most at risk for failure. Although, the systems in Tombouctou and Kidal are at less risk of failure than that of Gao, it is still important to recognize the potential consequences associated with the failure of these systems in terms of access and availability to improved water sources by the population. Identified needs to prevent the failure according to the risks are: • Securing a continued fuel supply for the water supply distribution networks; • Securing trained and competent staff to support the operation and maintenance of the water

supply distribution networks; • Securing spare parts supply for equipped water points. Based on the assessment findings and risk analysis, it is critical that the prevention of the failure of the water supply distribution networks managed by SOMAGEP in Gao, Tombouctou and Kidal is necessary and requires further monitoring of the operational and maintenance aspects by the humanitarian actors in Mali.

Executive Summary Mission Details

Location Mali Disaster/Crisis Complex crisis Food Insecurity, IDP, Political instability, internal conflict Disaster strike date Cluster approach from: Emergency Level N/A Emergency Type Complex Crisis (Sahel food crises, IDP, conflict) Nb of affected population

IDP 300’000, Mali food insecurity 3.5 M, conflict , potentially all country population

Nb of fatalities N/A Mission type Rapid Assessment Surge Capacity for Mali WASH cluster Mission called by UNICEF Mali, WASH Cluster Lead Mission objective Independent assessment to evaluate the risk of failure of the water supply

distribution networks of the urban centres of Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou Mission Timeframe Form 09/5/2012 to 31/05/2012


1 Introduction Due to the combination of the various humanitarian crises in country, which has lead to a complex crisis, the international community established a cluster approach in early April 2012. Based on this, a RAT deployment was requested by UNICEF, as the WASH Cluster lead in country, as a surge capacity to support the WASH partners in carrying out rapid assessments focused on the humanitarian crisis in country. 1.1 Context Over the past few years, Mali has experiencing an ongoing and prolonged food insecurity and malnutrition crisis, widespread throughout the Sahel region, including, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Sudan. Across the Sahel, over 15 million people – including 3.5 million Malians – are estimated to face severe food insecurity this year, and over 1 million children are estimated to be at risk of severe acute malnutrition (source UNICEF). In addition to the food security and nutrition crisis in the country, Mali has also experienced cholera outbreaks in past years, with an all time high of 1,353 cases reported and 55 deaths in 2011 (source UNICEF). Only further exacerbating the chronic humanitarian issues in country has been the recent conflict with the country facing a separatist’s rebellion in the north and a coup d’etat, leading to a complex crisis which has resulted in the internal displacement of 146,900 people, with 158,600 of refugees in the neighbouring countries of Mauritania, Niger, Burkina Faso and Algeria 30,000 (source OCHA 15/05/2012). 1.1.1 Mali at glance • The surface of Mali is of approximately 1.241 sqkm and is mainly characterised by desert in the northern

regions, the Sahel and subtropical regions in the south. Globally the geomorphology can be described as sand desert in the northern plains, with rocky hills in the northeast, and mainly savannah in the south, with green and marsh land in the central part, south of the Niger River. The Niger River flows over the country for more than 1,500 km and constitutes the main water resource in the country. The country’s climate is generally typical of that of the subtropical region, with three main seasons: i) hot and dry from February to June; ii) rainy season, humid with mild temperature from June to November and iii)“cool” and dry from November to February (source CIA World Fact Book).

• The results of the 2009 census indicate a population of 14,517,176 (INSTAT 2009). Recent projections have estimated Mali’s population to be 14,533,511 by mid 2012 (US Census Bureau 2012). Currently, the most populated region is Sikasso with 18% of population, followed by Koulikoro at 16%, Segou at 16%, Mopti at 14%, Kayes at 14% and the capital district of Bamako at 13% (INSTAT 2009). The current growth rate is estimated at 2.6% (US Census Bureau 2012) (source ACAPS).

• Mali HDI ranks 175 in the UNDP HDI 2011 report, with GDP of 1,077 USD1 (Source UNDP 2011) 1.1.2 Country WASH Profile

• As of 2008, 56% of the total population used an improved drinking water source (UNDP 2012). With 87% of the urban population and 51% of the rural population had access to improved water sources (UNICEF/WHO JMP, 2010) (source ACAPS);

• 35% of the urban population and 14% of the rural population have access to improved sanitation facilities (UNICEF/WHO JMP 2010) with open defecation being a common practice, particularly throughout the rural regions of the country (source ACAPS);

• Approximately one out of five children dies before age five and approximately half of these deaths can be attributed to hygiene-related preventable diseases (UNICEF 2009).

The overview of the existing water supply and sanitation situation according to the Joint Monitoring Program2 as per 2010 latest data is reported in Annex 1.

1 In terms of PPP, at constant 2005 international $ 2 JMP a UNICEF and WHO project


Figure 1. Access to drinking water by region (in %) Source: WB (2008) and ACAPS (2012)

1.1.3 Pre-disaster / deployment data finding

Access to drinking water per region (in %) Source WB (2008) / ACAPS is summarized in Figure 1 below. Of particular interest is the access to drinking water in the regions where the assessment carried out data collection: Gao region, which is 29%, Kidal region, which is 39% and Tombouctou region, which is 59%. According to the National Direction of Hydraulics (DNH) database from 2011, there is are a total of 41 boreholes (24 equipped / 17 non-equipped), 92 shallow wells and 1 small-scale water system (solar powered) in Gao. In Kidal, there are a total of 23 boreholes (17 equipped / 6 non-equipped), 17 shallow wells and 2 small-scale water systems (electrical, powered by EDM). In Tombouctou, there are a total of 30 boreholes (all non-equipped), 6 shallow wells and 1 small-scale water system (solar powered). In addition, to these sources in each one of the towns, there is also a water supply distribution system that is managed by SOMAGEP. A list of existing sources is attached in Annex 2. 1.2 Security The political and security situation in the country remained unstable through the deployment period. Political and civil unrest ensured as the interim President Diouncounda Traore’s term expired on Tuesday, May 22nd, 2012, resulting in city-wide protests on Monday, May 21st, with protesters occupying the Presidential Palace, assaulting and injuring the Interim President, Diouncounda Traore. As a result of this, international organisations, such as, UNICEF, CARE and Oxfam GB, took a wide range of security measures, to continue their humanitarian operation from Bamako, including, the consolidation and evacuation of staff. The security situation in the separatist regions remains volatile and not accessible to many, including, internationals staff, as well as, to many Malians. 1.3 Coordination Mechanism The WASH cluster was activated on April 4th, 2012 along with other sector clusters. It is important to note that, prior to the activation of the cluster system in Mali, existing coordination mechanisms did exist, particularly focused on development, including, the FONGIM (Forum des ONG Interantional au Mali). During the RAT deployment, the team worked in close coordination and collaboration with the WASH Cluster, including the Cluster Coordinator, RRT IM, members of the SAG and the UNICEF program staff, including the WASH Manager. The RAT members also contributed and participated in the working group focused on the development of assessment tools. The RAT also carried out a series of bilateral meetings with WASH partners, meeting schedule and contact list is attached in Annex 3 (whether by invitation by the WASH partner or request of the RAT). In addition to close coordination with WASH partners in country, the RAT also attended a meeting focused on the IDP situation in Bamako organized by a working group of the Protection Cluster via the invitation of the Civil Protection. 1.4 Mission Terms of Reference (ToR) The ToR for the RAT deployment was defined and finalized while in country, in consultation with the UNICEF WASH Manager, the Strategic Advisory Group of the WASH Cluster Coordination (representing the WASH actors in Mali) and has been agreed upon by the deployed RAT Coordinators. The complete ToR and meeting minutes from the SAG WASH Cluster are attached in Annex 4. 1.4.1 Specific ToR/Objective

The specific objective for the RAT deployment can be summarised as follows: • Assess the risk of failure of the water supply distribution networks for the three urban centres in the

northern regions of Mali : Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou


2 Assessment Methodology The assessment methodology has been based on a combination of field visit and remote investigation. The methodology was based on the collection and review of secondary data and collection of primary data using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including, but not limited to,: document review, field visits/ observation, collection of technical infrastructures data (O&M, production capacity, treatment process, consumable and spare parts availability, engines and pumps references etc.) along with interviews with key informants (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FDGs). The assessment was based on the status of the water infrastructure before the crisis and at the date of the assessment. For the assessment and in this report the term “before the crisis” is considered to be early March 2012, before March 22nd, 2012 events, while “after the crisis” is considered to be after March 22nd, 2012. An approximate sample size of 5% was used to carry out the assessment. Survey questionnaires designed according to the assessment objectives are attached in Annex 5. Targeted Key Informants: • Technical staff and management from the water utilities of SOMAGEP and service providers, such as,

local hand-pump mechanics and drilling companies; • Water users, including, women’s associations, water management committees etc. Targeted Water Infrastructures: Only improved water supply systems were considered including: • Urban Water Network Service Providers managed by SOMAGEP; • Small scale distribution systems (AES) (solarised systems, public tap stands etc.), motorized boreholes

and shallow wells; • Hand pump equipped shallow wells and boreholes; 3 Mission Implementation 3.1 Limitations Security has been the main limiting factor to conduct assessment in the targeted areas. Nevertheless the assessment was carried out remotely through the use of a national assessment team which could only be deployed to Gao. In the case of Kidal, a technician from SOMAGEP could travel to Gao to meet the national assessment team to be trained on specific assessment protocols then remotely guided. Similar approach was planned for Tombouctou technical staff; unfortunately, due to security constraint they could not travel to a meeting point, thus only telephone contact was viable to support data collection for the water infrastructure in Tombouctou. Furthermore, the collect of information from the use of FDGs and KIIs, were limited, as in light of the security context, the population in Gao were reluctant to participate in group discussions. In addition to the security constraints, there have also been limitations in the time taken to determine and finalize the orientation of the RAT deployment in collaboration with the WASH Cluster Coordinator and UNICEF WASH Manager, with the support of the SAG of the WASH Cluster. 3.2 Assessed areas (geographical)

The Mali administrative division are: region, circle, commune and village. The country consists of eight regions. Large towns are divided into neighbourhoods or Quartier, as in the case of Bamako , Kayes or Gao The assessment was conducted in the towns of Gao, Kidal and Toumboctu. Figure 2 shows the three locations within Mali. • Gao (circle of Gao, Region 7): Urban population is 86,353 (source INSTAT 2009); • Kidal (circle of Kidal, Region 8): Urban population is 25,969 (source INSTAT 2009); • Tombouctou (circle of Tonbouctou, Region 6): Urban population is 54,629 (source INSTAT 2009).


3.3 Deployment Timeframe The deployment timeframe was carried out Wednesday, May 9th through Wednesday, May 30th, 2012. The first part of the deployment focused on bilateral meetings with the WASH partners in country (detailed meeting schedule attached as referred to in Annex 3). The decision regarding the objective of the RAT deployment was decided and communicated to the RAT on Thursday, May 17th, 2012 (end of the day) by the SAG of the WASH Cluster. The field deployment for the national assessment was carried out from Saturday, May 20th to Sunday, May 26th. Analysis of collected data was carried out and initial findings were presented at the 3rd WASH Cluster meeting on Wednesday, May 30th.

Figure 2. Map of MaliSource: UN Map Data Centre


4 Assessment Findings 4.1 Field Data Collection

4.1.1 Gao: Water Supply Distribution Network i. Urban Water Network: Societe Malian de Gestion de l’Eau Potable (SOMAGEP)

• Production: 11 boreholes and 1 well, with a total pumping capacity of 391 m3/h (before the crisis). Out of 11 boreholes, 3 have been reported, due to fine suctions, to be faulty and not properly functioning;

• Treatment: slow sand filtration plant, using sodium hypochlorite and permanganate for water disinfection and lime. 2 in-ground tanks, each with a capacity of 1,000 m3. Treatment is carried out using 16 g/m3 of HTH;

• Water quality monitoring: 9 points of control. Residual chlorine at treatment plant outlet is reported to be 1.5 mg/l;

• At time of the assessment the stock of consumable is reported in Table 1. Consumable are supplied from Bamako. Supply chain is on hold; Table 1. Consumables

Item Dosing Stock on

28/02 (kg) Daly use (kg)

Before events

After events

Calcium hypochlorite • Pre chlorination 1 = 66l/h @ 40% 1 = 66 l/h @ 15% • Post chlorination 1 x 48 l/h @ 25%

9900 180 25

Permanganate 1 x 125 l/h @16% 375 75 n/a Lime 1 x 177 l/h @ 80% 17790 25 n/a

• Distribution: Booster station (consisting of 4 pumps, functioning alternatively 2 at a time) supplies the

500m3 elevated watertank for town distribution; • Nominal water production was reported to be 6,000m3/day (before the crisis); • There are 4,800 registered users (includes household connection, commerce, workshops,

administration buildings public stand post, etc); • The water supply distribution network includes 72 public tap-stands (via a water vendor system, all are

privately managed) as follows : Quartier Chateau - 24 in total, 18 functional and 6 non-functional, Quartier 2 – 3 in total, 3 functional and 0 non-functional; Quartier 3 – 5 in total, 5 functional and 0 non-functional; Quartier 4 - 18 in total, 12 functional and 6 non-functional, Quartier 5 – 5 in total, 5 functional and 0 non-functional; Quartier 7 - 14 in total, 6 functional and 8 non-functional, Quartier 8 – 3 in total, 1 functional and 2 non-functional;

• Total distribution network consists of 128 km of pipeline of varying size and type (galvanized and PVC); • Cost Recovery: Before the crisis, water fees were collected by SOMAGEP, After the crisis, water fees

are no longer collected by SOMAGEP; • Energy: the system is normally supplied by energy by the town’s grid which is managed by EDM, • Hours of Operation: Before the crisis 24 hours per day, At time of the assessment: a shortage from the

power grid has been reported, with power being supplied from 17h00/18h00 to 5h00 or on an average of 8 to10 hours pumping capacity. Thus, resulting in a decrease in production, that is estimated to be between 2,000 to 2,500 m3/day (a decrease in production of approximately 30% to 40%).

• As a result Quartiers 2 and 4 is no longer being supplied water and Quartier 7 is only being supplied partially (due to their distance from the water tower). It is important to note that Quartier 4 has a total population of approximately 23,034 people or 25% of the population. Quartier 2 has a total of 6 boreholes (3 equipped / 3 non-equipped) and 32 shallow wells, Quartier 4 has a total of 2 boreholes (1 equipped / 1 non-equipped) and 11 shallow wells, Quartier 7 has a total of 4 boreholes (3 equipped / 1 non-equipped) and 1 shallow wells;


• Standby Power: At the plant there is a standby generator of 400 KVA capable of running the boreholes and the booster station, however, it has been reported as being non-functional due to damages which have occurred at the electrical control panel. No spare parts available and maintenance of the generator is provided by MATFORCE in Bamako. Due to the security situation, technicians can not travel to Gao to carry out required maintenance and repair;

• Human Resources: Before the crisis: 19 people, After the crisis: 6 people (a loss of approximately 70%);

• Technical details for the pump and generators are attached in Annex 6.

ii. Gao Power Station : Electricité du Mali (EDM) • Type of central power generation: generators using fossil fuel (diesel); • Total number of generators: 7, currently, 4 are functional and 3 are non-functional. Of the 3 non-

functional generators, 2 were non-functional before the crisis and one has become non-functional after the crisis;

• Nominal power generation capacity 3.5 MW (for all 7 generators). Power generation after the crisis is 2.5 MW through the use of the 4 functional generators. Operation hours from are 17h00 to 5h00 daily;

• Fuel consumption: Before the crisis: 4 generators operating 24 hours per day, average fuel consumption of 15,000 litres per day. After the crisis: 4 generators operating 12 hours per day, average fuel consumption of 7,500 litres per day;

• Fuel supply: The capacity of the fuel tank is 183,000 litres. Minimum stock is 50,000 litres (benchmark to initiate a refuelling). Before the crisis: fuel was supplied from EDM Bamako (on demand), After the crisis: EDM Bamako has discontinued supplying fuel and EDM Gao reported that as of April 7th, 2012, the ICRC has been supplying 155,000 litres for a month consumption using 5,000 litres per day of fuel. It is unknown if the ICRC will continue to support EDM in Gao with fuel;

• Spare parts and consumables: lack of spare parts and consumables, such as, engine oil, oil, fuel and air filters has been reported. Before the crisis, consumable were ordered and delivered from EDM Bamako;

• It has been reported that the Gao central power station could dedicate one generator to provide 24 hours a day power for the Gao water plant by isolating one 600 KVA generator with a consumption of 3,000 litres for 24 hours.

iii. Small-Scale Distribution Network – Solar System (AES Aduction d’Eau Sommaires) (private) • System consists of 1 borehole (solar powered) with 1 public stand, 2 taps, and an elevated water tank

of an estimated capacity of 5m3. An additional elevated water tank with 5m3 capacity has been recently installed to increase storage and distribution capacity.

• Power system consists on a 10 solar panels directly connected to the submersible pump (GRUNDFOS : yield 2.5m3/hr) via a control panel (GRUNDFOS). There are no batteries for the system (not included in the original installation);

• Hours of operation: limited to daylight hours, approximately, 12 hours a day (data from May 23rd, 2012: sunrise at 06:54 and sunset at 19:09 UT) (source NASA3). Operators reported that the system operates a total of 10 hours a day;

• Before the crisis, there were 280 families registered to the system, after the crisis, there are 364 families (an increase of approximately 75%). The production capacity of the system is unknown, however, can be approximated to be 56m3 per day before the crisis and after the crisis is 72.8m3 per day (based on a reported 200 litres per day per family of water collected).

iv. Boreholes and Shallow wells – Equipped with Hand pumps (PMH) • A sample of 5 equipped water points were visited out of the 24 boreholes (equipped) and 92 shallow

wells (approximately 5% of existing equipped water points). All were found to be functioning and with no major mechanical problems. Technical details of each sampled water point are attached in Annex 7;

3 Astronomical Applications Dept. U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC 20392-5420, Rise and Set for the Sun for 2012 Location: W016 17, N02 33,GAO Universal Time NASA. http://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_rstablew.pl


• Lack of spare parts was cited as the main problem as spare parts are no longer available in the market. As banks are no longer open, it is also not possible to transfer funds to Bamako to order spare parts;

• Required human resources in terms of local hand pump mechanics are still available; • An increase in demand on the existing equipped water points has also been reported.

4.1.1.1 Gao: Water users and Service Providers

i. Water User’s Availability A total of six Focus Group Discussions (FDGs) have been carried out in urban centre of Gao, focusing on users that obtain water from the following sources: 1) the water supply distribution network managed by SOMAGEP 2) small scale distribution networks and 3) motorized boreholes and shallow wells with hand pumps. There has been an increase of population accessing both small scale distribution networks and shallow wells with hand pumps, with 50% of the locations reporting an estimated increase of 30% to 125%, particularly in Quartiers 2, 4, 7 and Chateau. There have also been reports of the population resorting to collecting water from the Niger River, as many cannot access a sufficient quantity of water from the existing systems, particularly, that of the water supply distribution network managed by SOMAGEP, with 50% of the locations reporting 24 hours a day service before the crisis, which has declined to 6 hours a day (on average) after the crisis. Wait time has also increased, 50% of the locations reporting an increase from 5 to 15 minutes before the crisis to 2 hours to 4 hours after the crisis. In 67% of the locations, the quantity of water collected by household is 200 litres per day, with one location reporting as high as 600 litres per day and another as low as 100 litres per day. All locations did report the presence of existing alternative sources, such as, public tapstands, boreholes and shallow wells, however, the population did mention increased demand and wait time. Payment for accessing water ranges from 5 to 10 CFA for 1 bucket (10 litres), 5 to 25 CFA for 1 jerry can (20 litres) and 75 CFA for a barrel (50 litres) with 80% of the locations continuing to collect fees for water collected and the remaining having discounted payment due to a lack of economic resources by the users. It was found that 80% of the water management structures, responsible for managing services, do have funds available, although in varying amounts. Household water treatment is carried out in 33% of the locations through the use of chlorination. Findings from the FDGs have been summarized and attached in Annex 8.

ii. O & M and Presence of Local Service Providers A total of two Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with local hand pump mechanics has found that spare parts are no longer available in Gao and due to the closure of banks in the city, that it is impossible to transfer funds to business in Bamako to purchase needed supplies. Due to the security situation, it is also not possible to transfer funds or spare parts through the use of the public transportation, i.e. the bus that travels from Gao to Bamako daily, limiting the ability of hand pump mechanics to carry out repairs. Furthermore, during the looting that occurred in Gao, may have lost basic tools and equipment needed to support them in their daily work. Another limitation is their ability to travel to rural villages outside of the urban centre of Gao due to security issues, as it not possible to travel by private vehicle nor in public transportation, particularly, when transporting spare parts and equipment needed for repairs. However, with that said, the local hand pump mechanics did share that they have been repeatedly contacted by various villages, including, Magnadoue, Telemsi, Tassigai, Tamkouation and Menaka, throughout the region of Gao requesting service and spare parts, such as, inlet and outlet valves, as well as, suction cups. From the FGDs, carried out it was also shared that although local hand pump mechanics are still available, that there is a lack of spare parts to carry out the repairs. Furthermore, the population also shared the concern that prices for services by local hand pump mechanics and the cost of spare parts are most likely to increase, with concerns that the current cost recovery mechanisms and available funds would not be sufficient to further support operation and maintenance of the existing water points. Before the crisis, commonly requested spare parts, such as, inlet and outlet valves and suction cup at a respective cost of 12,500 CFA, 7,500 CFA and 4,000 CFA and require replacing on average every 6 months for the inlet and outlet valves and every 12 months for the suction cup. A total of three KIIs with local drilling companies reported that a varying level of damage has been incurred to certain companies, making it impossible for them to continue carrying out drilling activities in Gao and Kidal


region. A list of local drilling companies, contact information and their current capacity to operation in Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou region is attached in Annex 9. 4.1.2 Kidal: Water Supply Distribution Network

i. Urban Water Network: Societe Malian de Gestion de l’Eau Potable (SOMAGEP) • It has been reported that the SOMAGEP office of Kidal has been looted, resulting in limited amount of

technical information available at the time of the assessment; • Production: 10 boreholes, 1 has been reported as non-functional for the past year, caused by flooding.

The capacity of each borehole is unknown; • Treatment: using calcium hypochlorite by direct injection after the boreholes. Treatment is carried out

using an average of 2 kg per drum of HTH; • Water quality monitoring: 3 points of control. • At time of the assessment, a stock of consumable of 500 kg tons of HTH was reported. Consumable

are supplied form Bamako. Supply chain is on hold; • Distribution: 6 boreholes are connected to an elevated water tank of 500m3 and 3 directly on the

distribution network. The 4 Quartiers are supplied on a daily rotation; • Nominal average production before the events has been reported to be of 650m3/day. The production

changes according to aquifer recharge. Theoretical demand was reported to be 2,500 m3/day; • Energy: the system is normally supplied by energy by the town’s grid which is managed by EDM, • Hours of Operation: Before crisis were 24 hours a day, At time of the assessment, a shortage from the

power grid was reported, with power being supplied from 17h00/9h00 or on average 15 hours per day; • Standby Power: no stand by generator reported; • Human Resources: Before the crisis: 6 people, After the crisis: All technical staff fled the town, only 1

volunteer (not clear if a SOMAGEP personnel) present with no technical background (a loss of approximately 100 %);

• Technical detail for the pumps and generator is not available.

i. Kidal Power Station : Electricité du Mali (EDM) • No technical information regarding the power station is available; • Total number of generators: 4, currently, 2 are functional and 2 are not functional. The technical

information regarding the two operational generators is Deutz with a capacity of 42 KVA, consumption of 5 litres/h and the two non-operational is 2 IVECO with a capacity of 32 KVA;

• Before crisis were 24 hours a day, At time of the assessment, a shortage from the power grid was reported, with power being supplied from 17h00/9h00 or on average 15 hours per day;

• Fuel supply: it was reported that the ICRC made a donation of 5’000 litres of fuel. No more information regarding the fuel supply.

ii. Small-Scale Distribution Network – (AES Aduction d’Eau Sommaires) (private) • The system consists of 1 borehole (powered electrically) with 2 public tapstands, 1 taps each and an

elevated water tank of unknown capacity. The system is located in the Aliou quartier of Kidal and was installed in 2000;

• Energy the system is normally supplied by energy by the town’s grid which is managed by EDM • Before crisis were 24 hours a day, At time of the assessment, a shortage from the power grid was

reported, with power being supplied from 17h00/9h00 or on average 15 hours per day; 4.1.3 Tombouctou: Water Supply Distribution Network

i. Urban Water Network: Societe Malian de Gestion de l’Eau Potable (SOMAGEP)

• Production: 3 boreholes with an average capacity of 100 m3/h each. Out of the 3 boreholes, 1 borehole (F1) has been reported leaking at the borehole head and is out of service, occurring before the crisis. Normal production occurs by operating the remaining 2 boreholes 24 hours a day, alternating the operation of each borehole during the night time hours;


• Treatment: using calcium hypochlorite by direct injection after the borehole. Treatment is carried out using 1.25mg/l of HTH;

• Water quality monitoring: 7 points of control. Residual chlorine at treatment plant outlet is reported to be 0.5 mg/l;

• At time of the assessment, a stock of consumable of 8 tons of HTH was reported. Consumable are supplied form Bamako by boat. Supply chain is on hold;

• Distribution: the boreholes directly supply 2 elevated water tanks of 350m3 and 1,000m3 for town distribution;

• Nominal water production was reported to be between 4,000 to 4,800 m3/day (before crisis) this according to season, the higher in the hot season. At time of assessment the average production was of 4,000 to 4,200 m3/day.

• There are 5,300 registered users (includes household connection, commerce, workshops, administration buildings, public stand post, etc);

• The water supply distribution network includes 50 public tap-stands (via a water vendor, all are privately managed). All have been reported to be functional and supplying water;

• Total distribution network consists of 80 km of pipeline of varying size and type (galvanized and PVC); • Cost Recovery: Before the crisis, water fees were collected by SOMAGEP, After the crisis, water fees

are no longer collected by SOMAGEP; • Energy: the system is normally supplied by energy by the town’s grid which is managed by EDM, • Hours of Operation: Before crisis were 24 hours a day, At time of the assessment, a shortage from the

power grid was reported, with power being supplied from 18h30/3h00 and at times, from 22h00 to 3h00 or on average a range of 5 to 9 hours per day.

• Standby Power: At the plant there is a standby generator of 200 KVA capable of running the boreholes and the booster station and is functional. Consumables and spare parts are not available;

• Human Resources: Before the crisis: 21 people, After the crisis: 6 person • Technical detail for the generator (pumps information is not available) are attached in Annex 6.

iii. Tombouctou Power Station : Electricité du Mali (EDM) • No technical information regarding the power station is available; • Hours of Operation : 18h30/3h00 and at times, from 22h00 to 3h00 or on average a range of 5 to 9

hours per day; • Fuel supply: On May 17th, 2012 a shortage of fuel was reported in an article published online by

L’ESSOR 4, stating that the town central power station consumed 800 litres of fuel per day and warned of a potential shortage of fuel, as fuel delivery had been discounted by EDM Bamako due to the security in the area. Before the crisis: fuel was supplied from EDM Bamako (on demand) by boat, After the crisis : EDM Bamako has discontinued supplying fuel and it is reported that local authority have been supplying fuel to the power station, although, the exact quantity and frequency is unknown.

iv. Small-Scale Distribution Network – Solar System (AES Aduction d’Eau Sommaires) (private) - Kabare Village

• System cconsists of 1 borehole (solar powered) with 1 public tapstands, 2 taps and an elevated water tank of unknown capacity;

• Power system consists of 10 solar panels directly connected to the submersible pump (GRUNDFOS: yield 1.5 m3/day) via a control panel (GRUNDFOS). There are batteries for the system (not included in the original system);

• Hours of operation: limited to daylight hours, approximately, 12 hours.

4 Tombouctou : LA GRANDE SOIF GUETTE; L’ESSOR : Quotidien National http://www.essor.ml/regions/article/tombouctou-la-grande-soif-guette (accessed on 18/05/2012)

http://www.essor.ml/regions/article/tombouctou-la-grande-soif-guette

http://www.essor.ml/regions/article/tombouctou-la-grande-soif-guette


4.2 Risk Analysis: Failure of Urban Water Networks in Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou This risk analysis has been carried out using the information collected during the rapid assessment carried on from May 19th to May 28th in the urban centres of Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou and only assesses potential risk at the date of the assessment. The risk analysis only considers the risk of failure of the water supply distribution networks to the users and not that of the health risk related to the lack of water availability from the water supply distribution networks of the users. Table 2 summarizes the level of risk and is determined by evaluating the likelihood of an event and consequences of the event. Table 2. Risk Analysis : Likelihood and Consequences of an Event

Consequence 1 Insignificant to Minor (green to yellow)

2 Moderate to Major (yellow to red)

3 Catastrophic (orange to red)

Likelihood A ≥ 85% (almost certain) Moderate Very high Very high B ≥ 50% (likely) Moderate High Very high C ≤ 25% (unlikely) Low Moderate High

The outcome of the analysis carried-out to identify the risks of potential failure of each assessed network in the urban centres of Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou are summarized in Sections 4.2.1 – 4.2.2 and Tables 2 -9. A description of the methodology5 and analysis is attached in Annex 10. 4.2.1 SOMAGEP Urban Water Network 4.2.1.1 Gao SOMAGEP/EDM Table 3. Risk Analysis: SOMAGEP Gao

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Energy failure (total) B ≥ 50% 3 Very High Lack of human resources C ≤ 25% 3 High Failure of 3 non-functional BHs, plus 3 to 4 high Q BH C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate Lack of Consumables B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate Mechanical/Electrical failure of pumps C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate Failure of 3 non-functional BHs, plus 1 to 2 high Q BH C ≤ 25% 1 Low Failure of 3 non-functional BHs C ≤ 25% 1 Low

4.2.1.2 Tombouctou SOMAGEP/EDM Table 4. Risk Analysis: SOMAGEP Tombouctou

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Energy failure (total) C ≤ 25% 3 High No Staff C ≤ 25% 3 High Failure of 2 working BH C ≤ 25% 3 High Lack of Consumable B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate Mech/Elect failure pumps C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate

4.2.1.3 Kidal SOMAGEP/EDM Table 5. Risk Analysis: SOMAGEP Kidal

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Energy failure (total) B ≥ 50% 3 Very High No Staff B ≥ 50% 3 Very High Failure of all working BH C ≤ 25% 3 High Lack of Consumable B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate Mech/Elect failure pumps C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate

5 Based and adapted on the assessment criteria of the “Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, 2004” and the “Risk Assessment Libya Water Supply, 18 August 2011 – SUMMARY”, WASH Custer Coordination Libya 2011.


4.2.2 Improved Urban Water Sources 4.2.2.1 Gao, Tombouctu Small Scale Distribution Network (AES) – Solar Table 6. Risk Analysis: Small Scale Distribution Network (AES) Gao and Tombouctou

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Energy failure (lose of solar panels) C ≤ 25% 1 Low Mechanical/electrical failure C ≤ 25% 1 Low

4.2.2.2 Kidal Small Scale Distribution Network (AES) – Electricity driven Table 7. Risk Analysis: Small Scale Distribution Network (AES) Kidal

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Energy failure (Total) B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate Mech/Elect failure C ≤ 25% 1 Low

4.2.2.3 Boreholes and Shallow wells – Equipped with Hand pumps (PMH) Table 8. Borehole Equipped with Hand pump : Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou

Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Pump Failure B ≥ 50% 2 Moderate No capacity to repairing pump resulting in water point becoming non functional

A ≤ 85% 3 Very High

Table 9. Shallow Wells Equipped with Hand pump

.Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Pump Failure B ≥ 50% 2 Moderate No capacity to repairing pump resulting in water point becoming non functional

C ≤ 25% 1 Low

4.3 Needs Analysis According to the assessment findings, of the three assessed urban networks, it has been found that the water supply distribution network operated by SOMAGEP Gao is the most at risk for failure (energy). Although, the systems in Tombouctou and Kidal are at less risk of failure than that of Gao, it is still important to recognize the potential consequences associated with the failure of these systems in terms of access and availability to improved water sources by the population may be greater in Gao than in the other towns. Identified needs to prevent the failure according to the risks are: • Securing a continued fuel supply for the water supply distribution networks; • Securing trained and competent staff to support the operation of the water supply distribution networks; • Securing spare parts supply for equipped water points;

5 Conclusion Based on the assessment findings and risk analysis, it is critical that the prevention of the failure of the water supply distribution networks managed by SOMAGEP in Gao, Tombouctou and Kidal is necessary and requires further monitoring of the operational and maintenance aspects by the humanitarian actors in Mali.


ANNEX

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612

Annex 1


Annex 1 JMP Mali Water and Sanitation 2010overview

Table 1: JMP Mali Water 2010overview

Population (%) Urban 36 Rural 64

Water

Pop

ulat

ion

Urban Rural National Improved Unimproved Improved Unimproved Improved Unimproved

Tota

l Im

prov

ed

Pip

ed o

n P

rem

ises

Oth

er

Impr

oved

Sur

face

W

ater

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

Tota

l Im

prov

ed

Pip

ed o

n P

rem

ises

Oth

er

Impr

oved

Sur

face

W

ater

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

Tota

l Im

prov

ed

Pip

ed o

n P

rem

ises

Oth

er

Impr

oved

Sur

face

W

ater

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

% 87 35 52 0 13 51 1 50 3 46 64 13 51 2 34

Table 2: JMP Mali Water 2010overview

Sanitation

Pop

ulat

ion

Urban Rural National

Impr

ove

d Unimproved

Impr

ove

d

Unimproved

Impr

ove

d

Unimproved

Impr

oved

Sha

red

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

Ope

n D

efec

atio

n

Impr

oved

Sha

red

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

Ope

n D

efec

atio

n

Impr

oved

Sha

red

Oth

er

Uni

mpr

oved

Ope

n D

efec

atio

n % 35 38 23 4 14 9 57 20 22 19 45 14

http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/ accessed on 2012_05_02

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 2 Existing water sources


Annex 2 Existing Water Sources database Direction de l’Hydraulique FORAGE GAO

Quartier Localite Population 1 Longitudes Latitudes Type

Quartier Forage Equipe

(FP)

Forage Non

Equipe (FO)

Total

1ere Quartier Camp militaire

1,959

00░ 00' 19'' - W 16░ 15' 27'' - N FP

1ere 3 1 4

1ere Quartier Camp militaire 00░ 00' 19'' - W 16░ 15' 26'' - N FP

2eme 3 3 6

1ere Quartier Aeroport 00░ 00' 16'' - W 16░ 15' 10'' - N FO

4eme 1 1 2

1ere Quartier Camp Militaire 00░ 00' 22'' - W 16░ 15' 31'' - N FP

5eme 0 3 3

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) En bordure du fleuve

6,587

00░ 03' 01'' - W 16░ 16' 47'' - N FO

7eme 3 1 4

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) Ecole de Gouroum 00░ 02' 25'' - W 16░ 17' 40'' - N FO

8eme 13 6 19

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) Boulevard Askia 00░ 02' 41'' - W 16░ 17' 26'' - N FP

Chateau 1 2 3

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) Pres du medersa 00░ 02' 14'' - W 16░ 17' 44'' - N FP

TOTAL 24 17 41

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) Tiamboukonna 00░ 02' 06'' - W 16░ 17' 41'' - N FO 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) Njawa 00░ 01' 56'' - W 16░ 17' 53'' - N FP 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) Zaba

23,034 00░ 01' 53'' - W 16░ 17' 26'' - N FP

4eme Quartier (Aldjan) Pres CSCOM 00░ 02' 07'' - W 16░ 16' 55'' - N FO 5eme Quartier Quai

5,704

00░ 03' 20'' - W 16░ 16' 04'' - N FO 5eme Quartier Hotel Atlantide 00░ 03' 06'' - W 16░ 16' 37'' - N FO 5eme Quartier BDM 00░ 03' 01'' - W 16░ 16' 41'' - N FO 7eme Quartier (Sossokoira) Pres de la Douane

5,242

00░ 01' 21'' - W 16░ 15' 54'' - N FO 7eme Quartier (Sossokoira) Pres de la Douane 00░ 01' 26'' - W 16░ 15' 52'' - N FP 7eme Quartier (Sossokoira) Hopital 00░ 02' 35'' - W 16░ 16' 20'' - N FP 7eme Quartier (Sossokoira) Rue 220 X207 00░ 02' 32'' - W 16░ 16' 32'' - N FP 8eme Quartier

(Boulgoundje) EDM G-8

10,807

00░ 03' 07'' - W 16░ 14' 34'' - N FP 8eme Quartier

(Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 11'' - W 16░ 14' 43'' - N FP 8eme Quartier

(Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 00'' - W 16░ 14' 33'' - N FP



Quartier Localite Population 1 Longitudes Latitudes Type 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Bord du fleuve

00░ 03' 06'' - W 16░ 14' 34'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) DRHE 00░ 03' 09'' - W 16░ 15' 19'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 08'' - W 16░ 14' 46'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 03'' - W 16░ 14' 35'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Camp2 00░ 03' 20'' - W 16░ 15' 20'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 09'' - W 16░ 14' 39'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 02' 57'' - W 16░ 14' 27'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Drop G-1 00░ 03' 11'' - W 16░ 15' 17'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Centre du quartier 00░ 03' 16'' - W 16░ 14' 59'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Djidara 00░ 02' 45'' - W 16░ 14' 03'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Station Pompage 00░ 00' 06'' - W 16░ 14' 43'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) Station Pompage 00░ 00' 05'' - W 16░ 14' 36'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 03' 02'' - W 16░ 14' 45'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EEDM 00░ 02' 58'' - W 16░ 14' 34'' - N FO 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) EDM 00░ 02' 59'' - W 16░ 14' 40'' - N FP 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) BoulgoundiÚ 00░ 03' 19'' - W 16░ 15' 36'' - N FP Chateau Ecole Tionville

11,189 00░ 02' 33'' - W 16░ 15' 44'' - N FO

Chateau ChÔteau - CitÚ perdue 00░ 01' 57'' - W 16░ 15' 15'' - N FP Chateau Gao.Úcole chat. 00░ 02' 56'' - W 16░ 15' 57'' - N FO 1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

PUITS Gao



Quartier Population1 Profondeur (m) Diametre (m) Niveau Statique (m) Longitudes Latitudes

2eme Quartier (Gadeye)

6,587

7.20 1.00 6.50 00░ 02' 22'' - W 16░ 17' 43'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 4.80 1.20 4.50 00░ 01' 57'' - W 16░ 17' 59'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 6.10 1.00 5.10 00░ 01' 55'' - W 16░ 18' 01'' -N

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 10.00 1.00 9.00 00░ 02' 42'' - W 16░ 17' 21'' -N

Quartier Puits PMH


2eme 32 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 8.70 1.10 8.50 00░ 02' 30'' - W 16░ 17' 33'' -N

3eme 7



5eme 1



8eme 24


Chateau 16


TOTAL 92 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 12.60 1.20 11.60 00░ 02' 23'' - W 16░ 17' 30'' -N

2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 11.70 1.20 11.50 00░ 02' 22'' - W 16░ 17' 33'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 8.20 1.20 7.60 00░ 01' 58'' - W 16░ 17' 46'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 5.80 1.40 5.60 00░ 01' 54'' - W 16░ 17' 57'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 15.40 1.40 10.30 00░ 02' 06'' - W 16░ 17' 41'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 15.80 1.40 8.70 00░ 02' 31'' - W 16░ 17' 37'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 7.60 1.80 5.20 00░ 01' 56'' - W 16░ 18' 00'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 5.70 1.20 3.80 00░ 02' 05'' - W 16░ 17' 54'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 7.60 1.40 6.30 00░ 02' 15'' - W 16░ 02' 48'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 9.70 1.20 9.60 00░ 01' 58'' - W 16░ 17' 41'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 8.40 1.40 5.70 00░ 01' 54'' - W 16░ 17' 57'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 13.20 1.20 11.90 00░ 02' 22'' - W 16░ 17' 26'' -N




2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 8.40 1.40 5.20 00░ 01' 52'' - W 16░ 17' 52'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 6.80 1.40 6.40 00░ 02' 04'' - W 16░ 17' 53'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 9.60 1.20 8.60 00░ 02' 26'' - W 16░ 17' 33'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 10.70 1.80 7.50 00░ 01' 29'' - W 16░ 18' 01'' - N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 11.80 1.40 11.70 00░ 02' 20'' - W 16░ 17' 32'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 7.00 1.20 5.30 00░ 01' 54'' - W 16░ 18' 00'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 6.60 1.80 5.30 00░ 01' 57'' - W 16░ 18' 01'' -N 2eme Quartier (Gadeye) 8.10 1.40 5.40 00░ 02' 04'' - W 16░ 17' 54'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj)

4,781

9.90 1.00 7.40 00░ 02' 52'' - W 16░ 17' 05'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 11.40 1.00 7.60 00░ 02' 51'' - W 16░ 17' 05'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 12.70 1.20 9.80 00░ 02' 53'' - W 16░ 17' 03'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 6.80 1.20 6.40 00░ 02' 52'' - W 16░ 17' 09'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 11.50 1.20 11.30 00░ 02' 49'' - W 16░ 17' 15'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 10.70 1.40 10.50 00░ 02' 47'' - W 16░ 17' 16'' -N 3eme Quartier (Faradj) 8.50 1.20 7.60 00░ 02' 54'' - W 16░ 17' 01'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan)

23,034

12.20 1.20 11.40 00░ 02' 03'' - W 16░ 17' 38'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 12.30 1.10 11.00 00░ 02' 08'' - W 16░ 17' 33'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 11.90 1.00 11.20 00░ 02' 03'' - W 16░ 17' 35'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 8.10 1.10 7.90 00░ 01' 35'' - W 16░ 17' 38'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 8.90 1.20 8.70 00░ 02' 13'' - W 16░ 17' 13'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 9.50 1.20 9.40 00░ 02' 03'' - W 16░ 17' 32'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 12.60 1.20 12.20 00░ 02' 04'' - W 16░ 17' 34'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 8.50 1.40 8.30 00░ 02' 05'' - W 16░ 17' 27'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 11.10 1.20 10.70 00░ 01' 50'' - W 16░ 17' 36'' -N 4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 7.70 1.20 7.50 00░ 01' 40'' - W 16░ 17' 39'' -N




4eme Quartier (Aldjan) 12.00 1.20 9.70 00░ 01' 42'' - W 16░ 17' 31'' -N 5eme Quartier 5,704 11.10 1.40 8.00 00░ 02' 52'' - W 16░ 16' 52'' -N 7eme Quartier (Sossokoira) 5,242 15.40 1.80 11.80 00░ 02' 34'' - W 16░ 16' 22'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje)

10,807

8.00 1.10 7.30 00░ 03' 21'' - W 16░ 15' 10'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 5.60 1.00 4.90 00░ 03' 13'' - W 16░ 16' 15'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 7.40 1.40 4.70 00░ 03' 15'' - W 16░ 16' 16'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 7.70 1.40 5.00 00░ 03' 12'' - W 16░ 16' 15'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 6.90 1.40 4.70 00░ 03' 11'' - W 16░ 16' 16'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 11.10 1.80 9.40 00░ 03' 25'' - W 16░ 15' 47'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 12.60 1.20 7.20 00░ 03' 07'' - W 16░ 16' 12'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 6.60 1.40 0.00 00░ 03' 02'' - W 16░ 14' 56'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 6.80 1.40 4.60 00░ 02' 42'' - W 16░ 14' 01'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 9.80 1.40 9.50 00░ 02' 47'' - W 16░ 14' 12'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 9.30 1.40 7.50 00░ 03' 03'' - W 16░ 14' 55'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 9.90 1.40 7.50 00░ 03' 02'' - W 16░ 14' 55'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 12.50 1.40 8.80 00░ 03' 02'' - W 16░ 15' 04'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 9.70 1.40 6.70 00░ 03' 22'' - W 16░ 15' 11'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 8.50 1.20 8.30 00░ 03' 05'' - W 16░ 15' 01'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 9.40 1.20 8.40 00░ 03' 09'' - W 16░ 14' 51'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 10.30 1.40 9.60 00░ 03' 09'' - W 16░ 14' 47'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 7.40 1.40 7.00 00░ 03' 19'' - W 16░ 15' 06'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 7.70 1.20 5.70 00░ 03' 08'' - W 16░ 14' 53'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 10.80 1.20 10.50 00░ 03' 07'' - W 16░ 14' 51'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 10.70 1.20 7.80 00░ 03' 07'' - W 16░ 14' 53'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 8.80 1.60 7.00 00░ 02' 34'' - W 16░ 14' 02'' -N 8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 10.20 1.20 6.60 00░ 03' 20'' - W 16░ 16' 06'' -N


8eme Quartier (Boulgoundje) 14.00 1.80 9.00 00░ 03' 12'' - W 16░ 15' 20'' -N



Chateau

11,189

11.00 1.20 8.00 00░ 02' 08'' - W 16░ 15' 02'' -N Chateau 10.20 1.20 9.20 00░ 02' 26'' - W 16░ 15' 12'' -N Chateau 10.90 1.20 9.90 00░ 02' 01'' - W 16░ 15' 21'' -N Chateau 10.90 1.20 9.70 00░ 01' 59'' - W 16░ 15' 25'' -N Chateau 10.40 1.40 10.00 00░ 02' 03'' - W 16░ 15' 26'' -N Chateau 8.80 1.40 8.50 00░ 02' 10'' - W 16░ 14' 57'' -N Chateau 11.70 1.00 10.00 00░ 02' 12'' - W 16░ 15' 30'' -N Chateau 11.50 1.40 8.70 00░ 02' 09'' - W 16░ 14' 58'' -N Chateau 10.40 1.20 8.70 00░ 02' 26'' - W 16░ 15' 08'' -N Chateau 13.60 1.40 9.30 00░ 02' 23'' - W 16░ 15' 13'' -N Chateau 10.50 1.20 8.80 00░ 02' 24'' - W 16░ 15' 05'' -N Chateau 10.80 1.20 10.40 00░ 01' 53'' - W 16░ 15' 35'' -N Chateau 11.20 1.00 9.90 00░ 02' 38'' - W 16░ 15' 31'' -N Chateau 15.80 1.80 11.20 00░ 02' 33'' - W 16░ 15' 44'' -N Chateau 9.90 1.20 9.30 00░ 02' 41'' - W 16░ 15' 43'' -N Chateau 10.70 1.20 10.20 00░ 02' 29'' - W 16░ 15' 39'' -N 1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

AES Gao

Quartier Localite Population 1 Longitudes Latitudes BF

Quartier AES

Chateau Extension Sud 11,189 00░ 32' 83''-W 16░ 25' 382''-N

Chateau 1

TOTAL 1

FORAGE Kidal




Quartier Forage Equipe (FP)

Forage Non Equipe (FO) Total

Kidal Lafiabougou

5,507

01░ 23' 53'' - E 18░ 26' 18'' - N FO

Kidal 6 2 8

Kidal AEROPORT EXTE 01░ 24' 37'' - E 18░ 26' 02'' - N FP

Etambar 9 1 10

Kidal CENTRE ACEU Kd 01░ 24' 06'' - E 18░ 26' 17'' - N FP

Angamali 2 3 5

Kidal RESID COMMDAN 01░ 24' 13'' - E 18░ 26' 15'' - N FP

TOTAL 17 6 23

Kidal QUARTIER ALIOU 01░ 24' 40'' - E 18░ 25' 53'' - N FP

Kidal Base vie PSARK 01░ 23' 57'' - E 18░ 27' 04'' - N FO

Kidal CSCOM 01░ 24' 53'' - E 18░ 26' 47'' - N FP

Kidal Abattoir 01░ 25' 24'' - E 18░ 25' 41'' - N FP

Etambar Etambar

3,066

01░ 24' 11'' - E 18░ 27' 00'' - N FP

Etambar AEP Sommaire 01░ 26' 40'' - E 18░ 26' 54'' - N FP

Etambar Etambar 01░ 25' 55'' - E 18░ 25' 24'' - N FO

Etambar AEP Sommaire 01░ 25' 47'' - E 18░ 25' 14'' - N FP

Etambar Etambar 01░ 26' 33'' - E 18░ 26' 49'' - N FP

Etambar FP

Etambar FP

Etambar FP

Etambar FP

Etambar FP

Angamali

1,847

01░ 23' 53'' -E 18░ 26' 52'' -N FP

Angamali Bord oued 01░ 23' 36'' - E 18░ 27' 18'' - N FO

Angamali Dans l'oued 01░ 23' 43'' - E 18░ 26' 53'' - N FO

Angamali Bord oued 01░ 23' 36'' - E 18░ 27' 16'' - N FO

Angamali Bord de l'oued 01░ 23' 53'' - E 18░ 26' 48'' - N FP

1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

PUITS Kidal



Quartier Population1 Profondeur

(m) Diametre

(m) Niveau

Statique (m)

Longitudes Latitudes

Quartier Puits PMH

Kidal

5,507

15.60 1.40 13.30 01░ 24' 38''-E 18░ 25' 41''-N

Kidal 12

Kidal 19.20 1.40 13.20 01░ 25' 01''-E 18░ 25' 28''-N

Etambar 1

Kidal 8.00 1.40 4.80 01░ 23' 56''-E 18░ 26' 20''-N

Angamali 4

Kidal 7.80 1.40 5.30 01░ 23' 54''-E 18░ 26' 22''-N

TOTAL 17

Kidal 21.70 1.40 15.00 01░ 24' 28''-E 18░ 26' 22''-N Kidal 19.90 1.40 17.90 01░ 24' 25''-E 18░ 25' 45''-N Kidal 15.20 1.40 12.00 01░ 24' 54''-E 18░ 25' 34''-N Kidal 18.70 1.80 14.00 01░ 24' 34''-E 18░ 26' 03''-N Kidal 17.90 1.40 12.90 01░ 24' 35''-E 18░ 25' 54''-N Kidal 16.00 1.40 12.60 01░ 24' 45''-E 18░ 25' 48''-N Kidal 11.00 1.40 5.80 01░ 24' 19''-E 18░ 26' 07''-N

Kidal 23.70 1.40 8.30 01░ 24' 02''-E 18░ 26' 17''-N

Etambar 3,066 35.50 1.40 25.90 01░ 24' 46''-E 18░ 26' 11''-N Angamali

1,847

12.80 1.40 5.80 01░ 23' 31''-E 18░ 27' 01''-N Angamali 21.00 1.40 6.30 01░ 23' 30''-E 18░ 26' 27''-N Angamali 15.90 1.40 5.30 01░ 23' 29''-E 18░ 26' 59''-N

Angamali 18.70 1.40 17.00 01░ 23' 36''-E 18░ 27' 15''-N 1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

AES Kidal

Quartier Localite Population 1 Longitudes Latitudes

Quartier AES

Kidal Etambar 5,507

Kidal 1


TOTAL 1

FORAGE Tombouctou




Quartier Forage Equipe (FP)

Forage Non Equipe (FO) Total

Tombouctou TEINTURERIE

nd

3░ 0' 30'' -W 16░ 46' 43'' -N FP

Tombouctou 4 0 4

Tombouctou TEINTURERIE 03░ 01' 21'' - W 16░ 46' 08'' - N FP

Abaradjo 9 0 9

Tombouctou ABATTOIR 02░ 58' 47'' - W 16░ 43' 50'' - N FP

Badjende 4 0 4

Tombouctou CAMP MILLITAIRE 03░ 00' 44'' - W 16░ 46' 10'' - N FP

Bella Farandi 4 0 4

Abaradjo Chacheicha

10,641

03░ 00' 29'' - W 16░ 46' 38'' - N FP

Djingareye-ber 3 0 3

Abaradjo Ecole PC 03░ 00' 51'' - W 16░ 47' 02'' - N FP

Sankore 1 0 1

Abaradjo Ecole 03░ 00' 34'' - W 16░ 46' 49'' - N FP

Sanreinkaina 4 0 4

Abaradjo Nord 03░ 00' 43'' - W 16░ 47' 02'' - N FP

Hamma Bangou 1 0 1

Abaradjo Jardin 03░ 00' 48'' - W 16░ 46' 44'' - N FP

TOTAL 30 0 30

Abaradjo Nord 03░ 00' 33'' - W 16░ 47' 11'' - N FP

Abaradjo Ouest du village 03░ 00' 57'' - W 16░ 46' 46'' - N FP

Abaradjo Jardin 03░ 00' 42'' - W 16░ 47' 20'' - N FP

Abaradjo Abatoire 03░ 00' 59'' - W 16░ 46' 58'' - N FP

Badjende Mise

4,485

03░ 00' 21'' - W 16░ 26' 18'' - N FP

Badjende MosquÚe 03░ 00' 25'' - W 16░ 46' 19'' - N FP

Badjende MarchÚ 03░ 00' 25'' - W 16░ 46' 26'' - N FP

Badjende MosquÚe 03░ 00' 18'' - W 16░ 46' 26'' - N FP

Bella Farandi Ecole

11,130

02░ 59' 52'' - W 16░ 46' 27'' - N FP

Bella Farandi 03░ 00' 02'' - W 16░ 46' 24'' - N FP

Bella Farandi BELAFARANDI1 02░ 59' 44'' - W 16░ 46' 40'' - N FP

Bella Farandi BELAFARANDI2 03░ 00' 09'' - W 16░ 46' 33'' - N FP

Djingareye-Ber Alamanben

3,502

03░ 00' 38'' - W 16░ 46' 15'' - N FP

Djingareye-Ber Hehiya alkaya 03░ 00' 36'' - W 16░ 46' 25'' - N FP

Djingareye-Ber Jardin 03░ 00' 42'' - W 16░ 46' 21'' - N FP




Sareikaina Mairie

4,624

03░ 00' 27'' - W 16░ 46' 13'' - N FP

Sareikaina MosquÚe 03░ 00' 16'' - W 16░ 46' 20'' - N FP

Sareikaina marchÚ 03░ 00' 25'' - W 16░ 46' 04'' - N FP

Sareikaina Bahadou 03░ 00' 13'' - W 16░ 46' 08'' - N FP

Hamma Bangou HAMABANGOU nd 02░ 59' 54'' - W 16░ 45' 59'' - N FP


PUITS Tombouctou

Quartier Population1 Profondeur

(m) Diametre

(m) Niveau

Statique (m) Longitudes Latitudes Quartier Puits PMH

Abaradjo 10,641

27.00 1.80 25.00 03░ 00' 16''-W 16░ 46' 52''-N

Abaradjo 2

Abaradjo 21.00 1.80 18.00 03░ 01' 01''-W 16░ 46' 48''-N

Bella Farandi 3

Bella Farandi 11,130

0.00 1.80 0.00 02░ 59' 51''-W 16░ 46' 26''-N

Hamma Bagou 1

Bella Farandi 15.70 1.80 15.00 02░ 59' 37''-W 16░ 46' 36''-N

TOTAL 6

Bella Farandi 19.00 1.80 16.00 02░ 59' 41''-W 16░ 46' 26''-N

Hamma Bagou nd 0.00 1.80 0.00 03░ 00' 04''-W 16░ 45' 55''-N 1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

AES Tombouctou

Quartier Localite Population 1 Longitudes Latitudes BF

Quartier AES

n/a n/a 5,507 00░ 00' 19'' - W 16░ 15' 27'' - N

1 1 ) Population estimate : SIGMA DNH

TOTAL 1

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 3 Meeting schedule and list of contacts


Annex 3 Meeting Schedule and List of contacts

RAT Deployment, Mali : Meeting Schedule, May/June 2012

S M T W R F S

9 10 11 12

10h00 - 12h00: Oxfam GB 14h00 - 15h00: Solidarities International

15h00 - 17h00: Consultant BIDA

13h00 - 15h00: UNICEF and WCC 15h00 - 18h00: UNICEF and WCC

16h00 - 18h00: CARE

S M T W R F S

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

9h00 - 10h00: Oxfam GB 14h00 - 16h00: WASH Cluster

9h00 - 12h00: Civil Protection

9h00 - 11h00: WaterAid 8h30 - 11h00: WASH Cluster - Working Group for Assessment Tools and Indicators

11h00 - 12h00: CARE 16h00 - 18h00: Consultant

BIDA 16h00 - 18h00: SAG WASH Cluster

12h00 - 13h00: NRC

12h00 - 13h00: ACF

16h00 - 20h00: Consultant BIDA

14h00 - 15h00: DNH

16h00 - 17h00: IRC

S M T W R F S

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

10h00 - 12h00: WASH Cluster - Working Group for Assessment Tools and Indicators

9h00 - 11h00: WASH Cluster

S M T W R F S

27 28 29 30 31 1 2

14h00 - 16h00: WASH Cluster

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 3 Meeting schedule and list of contacts


Contact List

Name Agency Position Location Email Tel Alt Tel

Helena Valencia ACF Emergency Desk Madrid [email protected] (223) 78 54 06 62

Pascal Bernard ACTED Director of Operations Paris [email protected] (33) 1 42 65 33 33

Nicolas Robe ACTED Country Director Bamako [email protected] (223) 73 58 40 48

Jane Iredale CARE ACD - Assistant Country Director Bamako [email protected] (223) 76 24 36 36

Didier Young CARE Emergency and DRR Coordinator Bamako [email protected] (223) 76 54 29 29

Ousmane Maiga CRS Head of Education Bamako [email protected] (223) 76 40 93 05

Diodone ICRC WATHAB Coordinator Bamako

(223) 76 99 51 45

Dicko Hamadoun IRC WASH Bamako [email protected]

Hanna Taylor IRC ERF EH Coordinator Bamako [email protected] (223) 75 85 85 96

Ghada Ajami NRC Emergency Shelter/WASH Expert Bamako [email protected] (47) 23 10 98 00

Eric Mamboue Oxfam Country Director Bamako [email protected] (223) 66 75 66 70

Joachim Peeters Oxfam GB Regional WASH Advisor Freetown [email protected] (223) 66 75 25 12

Helene Queau Solidarities Responsible geographique Afrique de l'Ouest / Haiti Paris [email protected] (223) 76 95 49 06

Salimata Togora Water Aid Monitoring and Evaluation Bamako [email protected] (223) 75 21 43 88

Nicolas Osbert UNICEF Chief WES Bamako [email protected] (223) 77 35 89 67 (223) 76 40 91 05

Jeremie Toubkiss UNICEF WASH MEL Bamako [email protected] (223) 70 91 29 99

Soma Konare UNICEF WASH Officer Mopti [email protected] (223) 75 99 36 24

Patrice Fillon UNICEF WASH IM Specialist Geneva [email protected]

Julie Gauthier UNICEF WASH Cluster Coordinator Paris [email protected] (223) 76 52 83 57

Name Position Email Tel Alt Tel

Yaya Boubacar Chef Division DSSP/DNH - Direction National d'Hydralique [email protected] (223) 76 05 13 51

Colonel Major Mamadou Traore General Director - Civil Protection [email protected] (223) 76 45 68 26 (223) 66 77 75 68

Faneke Dembele Civil Protection [email protected] (223) 76 23 41 31 (223) 69 61 62 69

National team : Issouf HAIDARA +223 76 31 71 42 [email protected], and Mahamdou DICKO +223 76 12 47 39 email ; [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]























i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 4 Minutes of SAG meeting and RAT TOR


Annex 4 Minutes of SAG meeting and RAT TOR

Minutes of SAG meeting of the Mali WASH Cluster of May 16th, 2012

Procès-verbal du 1er Comité d’Orientation Stratégique

16/05/2012

La réunion c’est déroulés en deux parties Présents a la première partie de la réunion : Oxfam , Solidarités, UNICEF, Plan Mali, IRC, ACTED, Wash Cluster Coordinator Excusés : USAID, CARE Liste de membres du COS Presentation La coordinatrice du cluster WASH rappelle que les membres du COS tels que constitué fait défaut d’une instance étatique, et d’une représentation ONG locale. Cette observation a été partagée entre tous les partenaires. Décision

• La DNH devrait être incluse comme institution gouvernementale. Points d’action

1. La coordinatrice du cluster WASH va s’adresser à la Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique (M. Bocoum Alassane et M. Yaya Boubacar) pour motiver leur participation.

2. Les membres doivent envoyer les contacts intéressants comme ONG nationale à la coordinatrice du cluster WASH pour les approcher et juger de leur intérêt et capacité de participation.

Proposition d’un plan de réponse sectorielle Présentation

• Proposition d’un cadre stratégique pour la gestion de l’information du Cluster WASH o Analyse des besoins, o Priorités d’interventions, o Objectifs, résultats, réalisations, indicateurs. o Analyse de risques o Plan d’intervention : plan de suivi des interventions à baser sur une approche Nord-Sud différente

Discussions

• Sur l’analyse des besoins : prendre pour chiffre le nombre total de la population des 3 régions du Nord + les 3 districts de Mopti.

• Priorités d’intervention : assurer rapidement l’eau potable aux populations, prévenir les maladies hydriques en distribution des kits NFI-Hygiène et en faisant une sensibilisation, prévention paludisme par la distribution rapide de moustiquaires vu les retours d’ALIMA et MSF sur le Nord (Tombouctou), améliorer les conditions sanitaires en ciblant en priorité les regroupements de population plus importants.

• Les partenaires WASH feront un soutien aux centres de santé, et souhaite que la coordinatrice du cluster WASH s’assure la prise en compte de ces réalisations dans la stratégie du cluster santé.

Décision

• Finalisation par la coordinatrice du cluster WASH d’un document V1 intégrant les modifications/ajouts apportés. Points d’action

• La coordinatrice du cluster WASH envoie pour le document pour le 16/05 au soir,

• Retour des membres sur le document et les indicateurs de sélection-priorisation pour le 17/05 à 12 :00

Présent deuxième partie de la réunion: OXFAM, UNICEF Mali, Plan International, Solidarités International, IRC, ACTED, WASH Cluster Cordinator, RAT Coordinators



Présent deuxième partie de la réunion: OXFAM, UNICEF Mali, Plan International, Solidarités International, IRC, ACTED, WASH Cluster Cordinator, RAT Coordinators

Equipe d’évaluation rapide : formalisé une demande du cluster WASH

Présentation :

Suite à la réunion du 15/05 du cluster WASH, plusieurs demandes/besoins avaient été formulées. Le COS a donc la

responsabilité de débattre des différentes propositions formulées et de s’accorder sur une demande précise.

Discussions :

• Les membres sont unanimes sur le besoin pour les RAT de mener une évaluation rapide vu les multiples failles en termes de couverture des évaluations effectuée en cour et prévu.

• Les membres ne s’accordent pas sur une unique proposition et 3 propositions ressortent : o Enquête sur le risque de rupture du réseau d’alimentation en eau dans les grandes villes du nord

(Gao, Tombouctou, Kidal) o Enquête des besoins EAH sur Gourma Rharous o Evaluation dans les villes du sud où camps de IDPs ex : Bamako, Kati ?

Décision :

• Ajourner la décision au 17/05, a 15h00 le temps pour chaque membre du COS de trouver les informations manquantes à une bonne prise de décision

Plan d’actions :

• Jérémie et Dicko Hamadoun doivent vérifier auprès de vos contacts s’il est possible d’obtenir des informations fiables sur les réseaux des 3 villes et sous combien de temps ?

• Hélène doit essayer de contacter MSF F pour vérifier accessibilité, temps, sécurité et zones pertinentes pour évaluation WASH sur Gourma Rharous

• Partage des informations par mail et vote de chacun selon sa préférence o Evaluation dans les villes du sud où camps de IDPs ex : Bamako, Kati ?

Décision :

• Ajourner la décision au 17/05, a 15h00 le temps pour chaque membre du COS de trouver les informations manquantes à une bonne prise de décision

Plan d’actions :

• Jérémie et Dicko Hamadoun doivent vérifier auprès de vos contacts s’il est possible d’obtenir des informations fiables sur les réseaux des 3 villes et sous combien de temps ?

• Hélène doit essayer de contacter MSF F pour vérifier accessibilité, temps, sécurité et zones pertinentes pour évaluation WASH sur Gourma Rharous

• Partage des informations par mail et vote de chacun selon sa préférence



Mission Terms of Reference (TOR) Inter Agency WASH Rapid Assessment Team (RAT)

A. Introductory Information Country of Deployment: MALI Type of Disaster Civil War, Civil Unrest, IDP Agency Requesting for RAT Deployment UNICEF Mali – WASH Section Requesting Agency Contact Person details Name Nicolas OSBERT UNICEF Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Manager Telephone Tel: (+ 223) 20 70 91 34

Cel: (+223) 77 35 89 67 / (+223) 76 40 91 05 E-mail Address [email protected] Address BP 96 Bamako, République du Mali B. Objectives for the RAT Deployment: Coordinate an independent rapid WASH assessment in selected area affected by the ongoing complex crises. The RAT will define the methodology to adopt to carry out the rapid assessment. The RAT may use national surveyors to carry out the assessment. The feasibility and access to selected area will be according the RAT members own agency security regulations and accessibility. Specific Objective The following specific objective for the RAT assessment has been defined in consultation with the UNICEF WASH manager, the Strategic Advisory Group of the Mali WASH Cluster Coordination representing the WASH actors in Mali and been agreed upon by the deployed RAT Coordinators:

1) Carry out an assessment to evaluate the risk of failure of the water urban network of the major urban centres of the north regions, Kidal, Tombouctu and Gao.

C. Specific in-Country Mission operation Following is a description of the specific ways of working while in country for the RAT deployment:

1) The RAT Coordinators will be based in Bamako and will follow their own agency security regulations; 2) The RAT deployment is for maximum of 4 weeks, including, international travel. Tentative deployment date

are from May 9th to June the 4th; 3) UNICEF Mali, WASH section will facilitate the mission by providing office space and IT support in Bamako.

D. Deliverables At the end of the deployment, the RAT will provide feedback of the assessment findings to all relevant stakeholders via the WASH Cluster. The Final Report will be transmitted in English.

E. Annex E1. RAT Contact Details

NAME of RAT Coordinator

Team Responsibility

Agency Roaming Mobile Number

email Address

1 Luca Salone Team Leader Oxfam GB + 44 786 737 234 [email protected] 2 Monica Ramos Member CARE +1 404 966 9683 /

+223 70 48 56 17 [email protected]


i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 5 Mali RAT Survey Forms


Annex 5 Mali RAT Survey Forms Survey Questionnaires

Région : ………………………..N° :…………

Fiche d’enquête pour l’évaluation rapide des risques de rupture des réseaux d’alimentation en eau potable des réseaux urbains de la ville de Kidal, Gao et Tombouctou

Volet infrastructure

Localité : ……………………………………………….. Nom local du point d’eau………………………………………………… Nom du secteur : …………………………………… Coordonnées GPS du site : Latitude………………………………………………, longitude…………………………………………. Nom de l’enquêteur : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Nom de la personne interviewée : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date de l’interview : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Réseau EDM. Sa

Comment se fait l’approvisionnement en gasoil avant la crise :…………………………………………………………… Comment se fait l’approvisionnement en gasoil les evenement : ………………………………………..…………………… Le prix du gasoil est de combien de francs avant et après : ………………………………….…………………………………… Les heures de distribution ont-elles changé si oui et comment : ……………………………………………………………… Les factures sont elles payées si oui et comment : ……………………………..…………………………………………………… Est-ce que les facteurs sont sur place …………………………………………………………….………………………………………… Combien de famille payait les factures avant la crise et si elles ont arrêtés depuis quand :…….

Station de pompage du réseau :

Combien de forages alimentent la station de pompage……………………………………………………………… Combien de forages fonctionnent avant la crise…………………………… après la crise………………………………. - combien de familles sont reliées au réseau :…………………………………………………………… Comment le réseau fonction :…………………………………………………………… Le stock de produits réactifs pour le traitement de l’eau est il disponible ? ……………………………………………… Est-ce que les produits sont disponibles sur le marché : oui…………non………….. Si oui combien ça coûte avant la crise………………après la crise……………….si non pourquoi………………………… La quantité de produit en stock est de combien avant la crise:………………après la crise……………… Comment l’approvisionnement en reactifs se fait avant et après les attaques ? ……………………………………… Tel type de produit utilisez-vous avant la crise : chlore sous sa forme liquide-gazeux ou HTH, la chaux et du sulfate d’aluminium :……………………………………………après la crise……………..…………………………………………… Comment ce produit est il utilisé ? ……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… Quel est le volume d’eau pompée disponible à la station……………………………..et la distribution………………… Quel est le taux de chlore residuel au robinet si le traitement se fait au chlore……………………………………….. Existe-t-il un point de contrôle de qualité de l’eau sur le réseau de distribution……………………………………… Combien de quantité de chlore et pour quel volume d’eau vous traitez les eaux………………………………………. Les caractéristiques des boitiers au niveau des forages de pompage………………………………………………………. La marque des pompes et Boitiers………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Les pièces de rechange sont ils disponibles sur le marché : Oui………………………Non……………………… Comment acquérir ces pièces sur le Marché………………………………………………………………………………….. Les prix ont-ils variés après la crise : Oui………………….., Non ……………et de combien…………………………….. Est-ce que le réseau est il automatisé ou mécanique :…………………………………………….………………………………… Le coût de production est estimé à combien ………………………dépense ……………………………rentrée………….…. Electricité : combien de temps les moteurs tournent par jour………………………………………………………………….. Existe-t-il des générateurs de pompes en standby pour les (forages, pompes et ADS) : ………………………………. Quel type de marque se trouve à la partie mécanique : ……………………………………………………………………………… Quel type de marque se trouve à la partie électrique : ……………………………………………………………………………… Tels sont les diamètres des différents tuyaux que le réseau utilise : ………………………………………………………… Quel est le nombre de mètres linéaires du réseau en fonction du diamètre…………………………………… Quel est le type de pompe utilisée à la station de refoulement……………………………………la Marque………………. La capacité des châteaux d’eau par rapport au volume………………………………………………………………….. Combien de quartiers (avec les noms) sont dessertis par chaque château…………………………………………………… Existe-t-il des dommages au niveau du reseau : ………………………………………….……………………………………………… Est les pièces de rechange sont disponibles sur le marché local : ………………………………………………………………… Combien il y a-t-il d’agents disponibles présentement : ………………………………………………………………………………

Est-ce que vous payés ………………………..comment ……………………….…………. et par qui : …………………………………



Région : ………………………..N° :………… Fiche d’enquête pour l’évaluation rapide des risques de rupture des réseaux d’alimentation en eau potable

des réseaux urbains de la ville de Kidal, Gao et Tombouctou

Volet infrastructure (Réseau AES)

Localité : ……………………………………………….. Nom local du point d’eau Nom du secteur : …………………………………… Coordonnées GPS du site : Latitude………………………………………………, longitude…………………………………………. Nom de l’enqueteur : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Nom de la personne interviewée : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date de l’interview : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Système

Quel est le type de point d’eau : Forage………………………………… ; puits……………………………………………. Est-ce que le point d’eau marche ou pas : Oui ……………………Non………….……… si non qu’est qui ne marche pas : Panneaux ……………………………….. pompe …………………………….. Réseau………………………………………………

Distribution

Le réseau fonctionne depuis quand ? ………………………………et combien d’heures par jour avant ………………………………………et après………………………..……. Si oui depuis quand………………………………………………… Et si non pourquoi………………………………………………… Combien il y a-t-il de bornes fontaines sur le réseau : …………………………………………………………………………………

Borne Nom Quartier Nb de robinets Combien marchent

avant après

Borne 1

Borne 2

Borne 3

Pompage

Existe-t-il un boitier entre les panneaux et la pompe : OUI………………………. ; NON……………… Le boitier est de quelle marque et ses caractéristiques techniques : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Pouvez-vous réparer ou changer le boitier ou les panneaux en cas de panne : OUI…………… NON………… Si oui comment ?...............................................................si Non pourquoi…………………………………………………… L’électricien et le reparateur sont il sur place ? oui ………………………………… ;non ………………………………………… Quelle est la recette avant et après la crise : avant……………………….………après………………………..…….. L’eau est elle payée ………………………….. et l’affluence est plus ou moins qu’avant les attaques…………….. Les panneaux solaires sont il toujours là ou pas ? ……………………………………………………………………………… Est-ce qu’il y a des dommages au niveau du système ? ………………………………………………………………………… Quel est le type de pompe et sa marque : ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Les pièces de rechange sont disponibles ………………………… et comment les acquérir………………………….



Région : ………………………..N° :…………

Fiche d’enquête pour l’évaluation rapide des risques de rupture des réseaux d’alimentation en eau potable des réseaux urbains de la ville de Kidal, Gao et Tombouctou

Volet infrastructure

Localité : ……………………………………………….. Nom local du point d’eau Nom du secteur : …………………………………… Coordonnées GPS du site : Latitude………………………………………………, longitude…………………………………………. Nom de l’enqueteur : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Nom de la personne interviewée : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Date de l’interview : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Pompe à Motricité Humaine

Profil de point d’eau Type de point d’eau : Forage………………………………… ; Puits…………………………………….. Niveau statique ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Niveau dynamique …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Profondeur ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Colonne d’eau …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Existe-t-il une aire assainie ? Puits perdu…..….. ; Trottoir anti-bourbier ……….. ; Mur de clôture ……. Est-ce que le point d’eau est fonctionnel ? Oui………. Non……. Pompe Quel est le type de pompe installé sur le point d’eau :………………………………….. la marque………………………….. La pompe fonctionne- t- elle : si OUI ………….,depuis combien de temps………… …et si non ………, pourquoi…………………………………………………………….

Usagers

Combien il y a-t-ii de famille viennent au point d’eau ? avant la crise…….......... après la crise………….. Combien de sceau ou barriques vendez vous par jour : avant la crise....................…; après la crise…………… Existe-t-il un réparateur disponible pour le système de maintenance et d’entretien : Oui…………. Non……… Les pièces de rechange sont elles disponibles ou pas : ……………………… et comment les acquérir ………………… Les prix des pièces de rechange a varié ou pas sur le marché : Oui…………. Non …………….. Pourquoi…………………….. Quelle est la recette avant et après la crise : avant……………………….………après………………………..…….. Est-ce qu’il y a des dommages au niveau du points d’eau ………………………………………………………………………

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 6 Technical Data pump and generators


Annex 6 Technical Data Pump and Generators Tombouctu SOMAGEP Stand By generator Perkins 1300 , 200KVA Consumption 30l/h, Oil every 250h – 35 lt of oil, Fuel filter nb 86333, Oil filter nb 26540238, Air filter nb 201008 Working hours 1964 hrs Gao SOMAGEP Booster pump x 4 : Type de pompe (refoulement) : INGERSOLL, MFW 80 200 L / Q 194 m3 / heure Stand By generator : Cummins GD14- 2149061; type NTA 855G$, Model C400D5, series A10KBCT400, 400 KVA Working hrs 498,9 Boreholes summary

SP details

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 7 Sampled Water Point


Annex 7 Sampled Water Point

Reg

ion

Qua

rtie

r

Loca

lite

Nom

Loc

al d

u Po

int

d'ea

u

Sect

eur

Type

GPS

Type

de

Poin

t d'

Eau

Fon

ctio

nnel

(Oui

/ N

on)

No.

de

Bor

ne

Font

aine

s

Pom

pe

Pres

ence

de

Boi

tier

Elec

tric

ien

Recette (CFA)

Paie

men

t (O

ui /

Non

)

Pann

eux

Sola

ire

Bat

terie

s

Dom

mag

e

Long Lat

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Gao

Cha

teau

Cha

teau

A.D

.N.

Ext

ensi

on S

ud

Reseau AES

00 32' 83''-W

16 25' 382''-N

Fora

ge

Oui (2007) 2 O

ui

Oui

G

RU

ND

FOS

Oui

2,150 3,150 Oui Oui Non

Kid

al

Eta

mba

r

Reseau

AES nd nd Pui

t

Oui 1 Oui

G

RU

ND

FOS

Oui

Oui

3,000 5,000 Oui (pas

de caisse)

Electric Non Non

Alio

u

Reseau

AES nd nd

Fora

ge

Oui (2000) 2 O

ui

Oui

Oui

2,150 900 Oui Electric Non

Tom

bouc

tou

Kab

ara

Reseau

AES nd nd

Fora

ge

Oui (2002) 1 O

ui

Oui

Oui

500 nd Oui Oui Non Non

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 8 Focus Group Summary


Annex 8 Focus Group Summary (Gao)

RESUME : FOCUS GROUPE - GAO

Qua

rtie

r

Type

de

Poin

t d’e

au Nbre

Menages (exploita

nt)

Sta

tut (

priv

é/co

m)

Fonctionnel

(Nbre des Heures

par Jour)

Temps d’attente

Qté

d’e

au (M

énag

e pa

r Jo

ur)

Dis

poni

bilit

é R

épar

ateu

r

Piè

ces

de re

chan

ge Existence

source alternative

d'eau potable

Paiement pour l'eau (CFA)

Caisse (CFA)

Recette (CFA par Jour)

Pratique du traitement de l'eau niveau

ménage

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Oui

Non

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Châ

teau

Res

eau

AES

280

364

Com

m

Oui

(10)

Oui

(10)

15m

n

30m

n-4h

200

Oui

Oui

Oui

10 CFA bidon (20 l)/75 CFA barrique

10 CFA bidon (20 l)/75 CFA barrique

1,277,000 2,145 3,145 Non

Djid

ara

Pui

t PM

H

nd

nd C

omm

Oui

Oui

(8)

15m

n

30m

n

200

Oui

Non

Oui

(5pu

its

PM

H)

5 CFA sceau/10 CFA bidon (20 l)

Non Non 2500 3,000 Oui (eau de javel)

Alja

naba

ndja

SO

MA

GEP

- B

orne

Fo

ntai

ne

40

nd

Com

m

Oui

(24/

24)

Oui

(3)

2-3m

n

30m

n-2h

200

Oui

(ava

nt te

ch E

DM

)

Oui

Oui

(3pu

its P

MH

)


Non 35,000 Non

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 8 Focus Group Summary


Sos

soko

ira

SO

MA

GEP

- B

orne

Fo

ntai

ne

10

125

Priv

Oui

(24/

24)

Oui

(9)

5mn

30m

n -2

h

600

Oui

(ava

nt te

ch E

DM

)

Oui

(ava

nt e

t non

ave

c la

cr

ise

)

Oui

(17

BF)



75,000 Non

Gad

eye

Fora

ge P

MH

20

60

Com

m

Oui

(8)

Oui

(24)

5mn

1h

200

Oui

Oui

(ava

nt

et n

on a

vec

la c

rise

) O

ui (4

fo

rage

s,

2pui

ts)



1,000 CFA 875 1,000 Non

Djo

ulab

ougo

u

SO

MA

GEP

- D

omic

ile

1 1 Priv

Oui

(24/

24)

Oui

(3)

30-1

h (v

oisi

ns)

100

Oui

Oui

Non

(Fle

uve

Nig

er)

nd nd nd Oui (eau de javel)

Qua

rtie

r

Type

de

Poin

t d’e

au Nbre

Menages (exploita

nt)

Sta

tut (

priv

é/co

m)

Fonctionnel

(Nbre des Heures

par Jour)

Temps d’attente

Qté

d’e

au (M

énag

e pa

r Jo

ur)

Dis

poni

bilit

é R

épar

ateu

r

Piè

ces

de re

chan

ge Existence

source alternative

d'eau potable

Paiement pour l'eau (CFA)

Caisse (CFA)

Recette (CFA par Jour)

Pratique du traitement de l'eau niveau

ménage A

vant

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Oui

Non

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

Ava

nt

Mai

nten

ant

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 9 List of Service provider


Annex 9 List of Service Providers List of service providers

ENTREPRISES ACTIVES : Réalisation de forages et puits modernes (GAO / KIDAL)

Nom de l’Entreprise Nom du Responsable Contact/Tel Fonctionnel Non fonctionnel Secteur

Forgho Arma Yehiya TOURE 66 98 22 92 X Puits/forage Askia Abdoul Aziz MAIGA 76 05 12 18 X Puits

NAATA Abdoul Aziz MAIGA 76 05 12 18 X Puits

Foulanei Abdourahamane FOULANE

76 05 18 18 66 79 61 50

X Puits

Telemsi Mossa Ag JICOD 76 04 23 80 X Puits/forage Dacka Vieux DACKA 64 97 90 90

76 07 91 29 X Puits/forage

Taghast Alousseini Ag ASALAT 76 08 23 23 66 08 23 23

X Puits/forage

Taoussa Mohamed Ag 76 05 24 08 67771630

X forage

EGCO Boubacar Yana MAIGA 76 14 60 53 X Puits

Président de l’Organisation Patronale des Entrepreneurs de la Construction du Mali (OPECOM)

i-RAT End of mission report Annex RAT Mali EoM Report_130612 Annex 10 Risk Analysis


Annex 10 Risk Analysis Failure Risk Analysis of the Urban Water Supply Network of Gao, Tombouctou and Kidal towns

This concise analysis of the Urban Water Supply risk assessment6 of the three town of Gao, Tombouctou and Kidal investigate the major water supply sources in each town; the SOMAGEP water supply, the AES (Adduction d’Eau Sommaire- Small Water System- e.g. solar systems, motorized water point) and PMH (Pompe a Motricité Humaine ; Manual Driven Pump).

This risk analysis has been carried out using the information collected during the rapid assessment carried on from May 19th to May 28th in the urban centres of Gao, Kidal and Tombouctou and only assesses potential risk at the date of the assessment. The risk analysis only considers the risk of failure of the water supply distribution networks to the users and not that of the health risk related to the lack of water availability from the water supply distribution networks of the users. The level of risk is determined by examining the Likelihood of an event and Consequences of the same based on the following:

Consequence 1 Insignificant to Minor (green to yellow)

2 Moderate to Major (yellow to red)

3 Catastrophic (orange to red)

Likelihood A ≥ 85% (almost certain) Moderate Very high Very high B ≥ 50% (Possible to likely) Moderate High Very high C ≤ 25% (Rare to unlikely) Low Moderate High

Definition of Consequences:

1 Insignificant to minor (green): Insignificant or minor impact on small population, little/manageable disruption to normal operation, low increase in normal monitoring and low costs to resume normal operational. 2 Moderate to major (yellow): Minor impact on small to large population, significant modification to normal operation but manageable, significantly increased to high level of monitoring, medium to high costs to resume normal operation. 5 Catastrophic (red ): Major impact for population, complete failure of systems, high cost to resume normal operation.

A) SOMAGEP Urban Water supply network 1) Gao SOMAGEP/EDM Failure Risk analysis

.Event Likelihood Consequence Risk Notes.

Energy failure (total) B ≥ 50% 3 Very High (i).

No Staff C ≤ 25% 3 High (ii).

Failure of 3 faulty BH + 3 to 4 high Q BH C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate (iii)

Lack of Consumable B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate (iv)

Mech/Elect failure pumps C ≤ 25% 2 Moderate (v).

Failure of 3 faulty BH + 1 to 2 high Q BH C ≤ 25% 1 Low (iii).

Failure of 3 faulty BH C ≤ 25% 1 Low (iii).

6 Based and adapted on the assessment criteria of the “Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, 2004” and the “Risk Assessment Libya Water Supply,

18 August 2011 – SUMMARY”, WASH Custer Coordination Libya 2011.



0

1

2

3

4

Gao SOMAGEP /EDM Failure Risk

4 Very High

3 High

2 Moderate

1 Low

Notes

i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that there is already a power shortage and i)the fuel supply chain supplying the central power station has been stopped and to date only a humanitarian fuel supply, lower than the normal needs, with the ability to guarantee a minimum of power , however to date it is unknown how long this would last ii) out of 7 generators at the central power only 4 are operational, there is lack of consumable and spare part increasing the chance of further mechanical failures, iii) the water plant standby generator is out of order and it is unknown when it could be repaired;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that already 13 staff have fled Gao and this, due to several factors (e.g. security, lack of technicians) may happen again;

iii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that according to reports there has been no failure of pumps in the recent years, only the faulty borehole has experienced pump failure. According to reports there has been no simultaneous combination of failures of more than one borehole at a time. Simulation on combination of boreholes failure(s) and their consequences is summarized in Table A1;

iv. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that although there is a stock of consumable the normal supply chain has been discontinued and to date there are no alternative supply sources;

v. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that in the recent years there have been no serious mechanical/electrical failures in the system preventing water production. There are 4 booster pumps, operating alternately 2 by 2, while for the chemical injection there are 5 operational and 1 on standby.



Table A1. Simulation of Boreholes, Gao

2) Tombouctu SOMAGEP/EDM Failure Risk analysis


Energy failure (total) C ≤ 25% 3 High (i).

No Staff C ≤ 25% 3 High (ii).

Failure of 2 working BH C ≤ 25% 3 High (iii)



i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that there is already a power shortage however i) the fuel supply chain from Bamako has been discontinued but local authorities provide fuel for the central power generation, however to date it is unknown how long this will last ii) the water plant standby generator is operational;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that already 15 staffs have fled Tombouctu and this, due to several factors (e.g. security, lack of technicians) may happen again;

iii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that according to reports there has been no failure of pumps in the recent years, only one borehole experience minor problem and has preventive measure has been stopped but still in working conditions. According to reports there has been no simultaneous combination of failures of more than one borehole.

Lat Long Borehole16.242810 -0.051930 F1 51 51 51 51 0 016.244080 -0.052540 F2 58 58 58 0 0 016.245300 -0.053030 F3 59 59 0 0 0 016.245790 -0.050470 F4 20 20 20 20 20 2016.243650 -0.049060 F5 ( faulty) 16 0 0 0 0 016.246070 -0.052260 F6 (faulty) 20 0 0 0 0 016.243060 -0.051000 F7 33 33 33 0 33 016.242450 -0.049940 F8 42 42 42 42 42 4216.240760 -0.049180 F9 (Faulty) 14 0 0 0 0 016.243230 -0.050110 F10 (Camp 2) 17 17 17 17 17 1716.267860 -0.055330 F11 10 10 10 10 10 1016.242810 -0.056870 Wells 51 51 51 51 0 0

Total q m3 391 341 282 191 122 89

Working hrs for 2500 m3/d

Pumping hrs 6.4 7.3 8.9 13.1 20.5 28.1Starting time 0.30 hrs 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Total working hrs 6.7 7.6 9.2 13.4 20.8 28.4

Total Q m3 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

Q M3/j @ 8hrs op 3128 2728 2256 1528 976 712

Deficit m3 244 972 1524 1788

Q (m3/h)

Coordinates

Simulation of Production Capacity in case of BH F5, F6 et F9 and F1; F2; F3, F7, Wells Simultaneous Failures

Water production with 8 hrs working time




v. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that in the recent years there have been no serious mechanical/electrical failure in the system preventing water production

3) Kidal SOMAGEP/EDM Failure Risk analysis


Energy failure (total) B ≥ 50% 3 Very High (i).

No Staff B ≥ 50% 3 Very High (ii).

Failure of all working BH C ≤ 25% 3 High (iii)



i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that there is already a power shortage and i) the fuel

supply chain from Bamako has been discontinued and it was reported that the ICRC delivered 5,000 litres of fuel and for how long, ii) however to date it is unknown how long this will last;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that already 6 out of 6 staffs have fled Kidal and only one intern with little knowledge of the system remains to manage the system;

iii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that according to reports there has been no failure of pumps in the recent years, and only one borehole out of 10 failed last year (borehole was flooded by waddi flash flood), no other failures have been reported;


v. This risk has been evaluated on the assumption that in the recent years there have been no mechanical/electrical failure reported in the system, preventing water production, however lack of skilled personnel may increase the risk of failure.

B) Improved Urban Water sources

2) Small Scale Distribution Network (AES Adduction d’Eau Sommaires) Solar Driven (Private)


Energy failure (Panel looting) C ≤ 25% 1 Low (i).

Mech/Elect failure C ≤ 25% 1 Low (ii). Notes

i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that to date and on course of civil unrest solar panel have not been looted and no damages have been incurred to the system since it was installed;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that since installation to date no mechanical/electrical failures have been reported in the system.

3) Kidal Small Scale Distribution Network (AES Adduction d’Eau Sommaires) Electricity Driven (Private)


Energy failure (Total) B ≥ 50% 1 Moderate (i).

Mech/Elect failure C ≤ 25% 1 Low (ii).



Notes i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that there is already a power shortage and i) the fuel

supply chain from Bamako has been stopped and it was reported that the ICRC delivered 5,000 litres of fuel and for how long, ii) however to date it is unknown how long this will last;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that since installation to date no mechanical/electrical failures have been reported in the system

4) Hand pump Driven Borehole and Shallow wells (PMH) • Borehole Equipped with Hand pump


Pump Failure B ≥ 50% 2 Moderate (i).

Non capacity to repairing pump leading to no use of water point

A ≤ 85% 3 Very High

(ii).

Notes i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that due to the lack sufficient water supply from the

SOMAGEP network, it has been found an increase of demand at each pump, thus, increased used could lead at more frequent pump failures;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that, according to reports there is lack of spare parts availability and lack of financial capacity to procure the parts along with unknown capacity of supply chain, thus if locally the pump cannot be repaired the borehole would no longer be used.

• Shallow Wells Equipped with Hand pump


Pump Failure B ≥ 50% 2 Moderate (i).

Non capacity to repairing pump leading to no use of water point

C ≤ 25% 1 Low (ii).

Notes i. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that due to the lack sufficient water supply from the

SOMAGEP network, an increase of demand at each pump, thus, increased used could lead to more frequent pump failures;

ii. This risk has been evaluated on the assumptions that, according to reports there is lack of spare parts availability and lack of financial capacity to procure the parts along with unknown capacity of supply chain, thus the pump would not be repaired, however, the water from the well would be still accessible by removing the hand pump, accessing the source from a manhole or in the worst case scenario, by breaking the well infrastructure.

end of mission report - humanitarianresponse · their humanitarian operation from bamako,...

Documents