end of the pax romana - mrs. gregory - home · end of the pax romana •by the time of marcus...
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End of the Pax Romana
• By the time of Marcus Aurelius (2 centuries after Augustus) Roman Power was beginning to erode
• Increasingly difficult to maintain order on the frontiers
• Authority of Rome being challenged
• Economy was in decline
• Official state religion was losing ground
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Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
from Rome, Italy
ca. 175 C.E.bronze11 ft. 6 in. high
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Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
from Rome, Italy
ca. 175 C.E.bronze11 ft. 6 in. high
•Hair and beard are consistent with the fashion of the time•Supreme confidenceis undermined by the facialexpression which seems tired and sad
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Portrait Bust of Trajan Decius
Capitolino, Rome
249-251 C.E.marble2 ft. 7 in. high
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Journal #11: Compare and Contrast
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Trajan
• Ruled 249-251 during a time in which generals were declared emperor by his troops
• Unstable times
• Older
• Sadness and anxiety in the expression
• Bags under the eyes
• Reveals “anguished soul of the man”
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Constantine
• 305 CE - period of conflict among rival Roman armies
• Victory for Constantine – took control of Rome in 312
• Attributed his victory to God (Christianity)
• Unchallenged ruler - Founded a “new Rome” on the site of Byzantium and named it Constantinople (which later became?)
• Paganism declined
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Christian Influence
• Recognition of Christianity marked the beginning of the middle ages
• Constantine was a builder of the first Christian churches.
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Portrait of Constantine
from the Basilica Nova, Rome, Italy
ca. 315-330 C.E.marblehead approximately 8 ft. 6 in. high
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Colossus of Constantine
• Brick core, wooden torso covered with bronze
• Revived the Augustan image of a youthful head of state
• Modeled after statues of a seated Jupiter
• Emperor initially held an orb in his left hand that may have had the cross of Christ
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Basilica
• Roman architecture: a public building for assemblies, entrance on long side
• Christian architecture: early church with entrance on one end with an apse at the other creating an axial plan (along a given axis/longitudinally)
• Apse: A recess, usually singular and semi-circular, in the wall of a Roman basilica or at the east end of a Christian church.
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Basilica Nova reconstruction drawing
Rome, Italy
306-312 C.E.
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Aula Palatina (Basilica)
Trier, Germany
early 4th century C.E.
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Aula Palatina (Basilica)
Trier, Germany
early 4th century C.E.
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Aula Palatina (Basilica)
Trier, Germany
early 4th century C.E.
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Arch of Constantine
Rome, Italy
ca. 312-315 C.E.
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Arch of Constantine
• Triple passageway
• Most sculptural decoration came from earlier monuments of Trajan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius (why would they move the decorations to the Arch of Constantine?)
• Sculptures recut heads to make the rulers look like Constantine
• Movement is not naturalistic
• Represents the waning creative power and technical skill of Rome
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Arch of Constantine
Rome, Italy
ca. 312-315 C.E.