end show slide 1 of 31 periodic trends 6.3. end show © copyright pearson prentice hall periodic...
TRANSCRIPT
End Show
Slide 1 of 31
Periodic Trends 6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends >
Slide 2 of 31
Trends in Atomic Size
Trends in Atomic Size
What are the trends among the elements for atomic size?
6.3
End Show
Slide 3 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Atomic Size
The atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
6.3
End Show
Slide 4 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Atomic Size
Group and Periodic Trends in Atomic Size
In general, atomic size increases from top to bottom within a group and increases from right to left across a period.
6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends >
Slide 5 of 31
Ions
Ions
How do ions form? Knowing this helps us to understand the trend in ionic size.
6.3
End Show
Slide 6 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Ions
Some compounds are composed of particles called ions.
• An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
• A cation is an ion with a positive charge.
• An anion is an ion with a negative charge.
6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 7 of 31
Periodic Trends > Ions
Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms.
6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 8 of 31
Periodic Trends > Ions
Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms.
6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends >
Slide 9 of 31
Trends in Ionization Energy
Trends in Ionization Energy
What are the trends among the elements for first ionization energy, ionic size, and electronegativity?
6.3
End Show
Slide 10 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called ionization energy.
• The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom is called the first ionization energy.
• The energy required to remove an electron from an ion with a 1+ charge is called the second ionization energy.
6.3
End Show
Slide 11 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionization Energy
Group and Periodic Trends in Ionization Energy: First ionization energy tends to increase from bottom to top within a group and increase from left to right across a period.
6.3
End Show
Slide 12 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size
Trends in Ionic Size
During reactions between metals and nonmetals, metal atoms tend to lose electrons, and nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons. The transfer has a predictable effect on the size of the ions that form.
6.3
End Show
Slide 13 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size
Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form.
Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form.
6.3
End Show
Slide 14 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size
Relative Sizes of Some Atoms and Ions
6.3
End Show© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 15 of 31
Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size
Trends in Ionic Size
6.3S
ize
ge
ner
ally
incr
ease
s
End Show
Slide 16 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Electronegativity
Trends in Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.
In general, electronegativity values increase from bottom to top within a group. For representative elements, the values tend to increase from left to right across a period.
6.3
End Show
Slide 17 of 31
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Periodic Trends > Trends in Electronegativity
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 18 of 31
End Show
1. Which of the following sequences is correct for atomic size?
a. Mg > Al > S
b. Li > Na > K
c. F > N > B
d. F > Cl > Br
6.3 Section Quiz
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 19 of 31
End Show
6.3 Section Quiz
2. Metals tend to
a. gain electrons to form cations.
b. gain electrons to form anions.
c. lose electrons to form anions.
d. lose electrons to form cations.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 20 of 31
End Show
6.3 Section Quiz
3. Which of the following is the most electronegative?
a. Cl
b. Se
c. Na
d. I