end show slide 1 of 37 do now what happens during dehydration synthesis? use your notes. label the...
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Slide 1 of 37
DO NOW• What happens during dehydration
synthesis? Use your notes.
• Label the diagram below:
____________________
HOH H OH
____________________+
____________________________________________2__
+
produces
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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The Chemistry of Carbon
The Chemistry of Carbon
Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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Lipids
Lipids
Lipids are generally not soluble in water.
The common types of lipids are:
• fats
• oils
• waxes
• steroids
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Lipids
• Are usually made of
–Fatty acids (monomer)
–Glycerol (monomer)
–Fats, Oil, Waxes can be considered polymers
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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Lipids
Function of Lipids
– Lipids can be used to store energy.
– Chemical messengers
– Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
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Lipids are found in:Saturated Fats
•Beef, dairy products
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Unsaturated Fats
•Fatty tissue (Salmon,herring)
•Avocado, canola oil, soybean oil
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
• a 5-carbon sugar
• a phosphate group
• a nitrogenous base
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information in the form of:
•ribonucleic acid (RNA)
•deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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Proteins
Proteins
Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Monomers of protein are called amino acids.
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Proteins
Amino acids There are 20 different types of Amino Acids. What makes them different?
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Proteins
The portion of each amino acid that is different is a side chain called an R-group.
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Proteins
The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA.
AminoAcids
Protein Molecule
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Proteins
Functions of proteins:
–Control rate of reactions
•Enzymes are a special type of proteins
–Used to form bones and muscles
–Transport substances into or out of cells
–Help to fight disease - antibodies
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2–3 Carbon Compounds
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Picture of the week!
Which Macromolecule is pictured?
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2–3
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2–3
Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as
a. lipids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. proteins.
d. polysaccharides.
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2–3
Many lipids are formed from glycerol and
a. fatty acids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. amino acids.
d. nucleic acids.
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2–3
Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because
a. they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups.
b. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures.
c. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
d. their R groups can be either acidic or basic.
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2–3
Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?
a. Animals make it and use it to store energy.
b. Plants make it and use it to store energy.
c. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton.
d. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.
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2–3
A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that
a. plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins.
b. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not.
c. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids.
d. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.
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