endo 2: endocrine control for each hormone, know … - name and location of secreting organ -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Endo 2: Endocrine controlFor each hormone, know …
• - name and location of secreting organ• - chemical class and receptor type (where
given)• - target(s) and main effect on target(s)• - control pathway
• Contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary in hormones and mechanisms of release (innervation and vascular supply).
• Diagram the control axes/ negative feedback control of anterior pituitary hormones.
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) stimulates…• bone osteoclasts to breakdown Ca-phosphate
• kidneys to reabsorb Ca2+
• intestines to increase Ca2+ absorption (through vitamin D activation)
Calcitonin• osteoblasts to build bone
• kidneys to excrete Ca2+
Endocrine homeostatic control of [Ca++]plasma
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PTH & calcitonin are peptide hormones.
• What is their basic chemical structure?
• How are they made? stored? released?
• Where are their receptors on target cells?
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Calcitonin has effects opposite of PTH effects on bones, kidneys.
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[Ca2+]plasma causes
PTH or ?
PTH causes [Ca2+]plasma or
Represent these on a simple graph.
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Endocrine homeostatic control of osmolarity: regulation of water volume and [ion]s
• Aldosterone - promotes sodium conservation
• Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone)- promotes water conservation
• ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)- promotes sodium loss, to reduce water vol.
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Osmoregulation: Aldosterone
• Induces Na+ conservation
• Synthesized and released from adrenal cortex
• Steroid hormone
• Acts on kidney cells to increase production of Na+ membrane channels and Na+/K+ pumps
* warning - gross anatomy picture is next
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Adrenal gland gross anatomy
image
Adrenal gland
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Osmoregulation: Aldosterone
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Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)
• Induces H2O conservation
• Released from posterior pituitary
• Peptide hormone (stored in vesicles, moves out of cells by exocytosis)
• Activates G protein, cAMP 2nd messenger system in kidney cells to increase water pores (aquaporins) on apical membrane surface.
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Osmoregulation: Vasopressin (ADH)
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Aldosterone & ADH effects on OsM
• If aldosterone rises OsM
increases or decreases?
• If ADH rises OsM
increases or decreases?