endocrine system chapter 8. overview of hormones the endocrine and nervous systems often work...
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Endocrine System
Chapter 8
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Overview of Hormones
The endocrine and nervous systems often work together to bring about homeostasis.
The blood stream transports hormones throughout the body.
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Overview of Hormones
Each hormone acts on a certain type of tissue called its target tissue.
Organs, tissues, or cells lacking the specific receptor do not respond to its stimulating effects.
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Negative Feedback Loop
A decrease in function in response to a stimulus
The system controls how much product it makes by shutting down manufacturing when levels of output or the amount of accumulated product gets too high Example # 1: the regulation of the blood glucose
level in the body Example # 2: regulation of body temperature
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Negative Feedback Loop
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Positive Feedback Loop
An increase in function in response to a stimulus
“A” produces more of “B” which in turn produces more of “A”
Only a few positive feedback loops occur in the human endocrine system. Example: the process of birthing a child
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Positive Feedback Loop
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Glands
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Glands
Exocrine glands – secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface
Endocrine glands – ductless organs that secrete their molecules directly into the bloodstream
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Glands
Endocrine glands are activated by other hormones
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Hypothalamus
Controls the pituitary gland Receives information from the nervous
system
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Pituitary
Location: Inferior to the hypothalamus Known as the master gland
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I. Anterior Pituitary
1. Growth hormone (GH) General metabolic hormone Major effects are directed to growth of skeletal muscles and
long bones
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I. Anterior Pituitary
2. Prolactin (PRL) Stimulates and maintains milk production following
childbirth Function in males is unknown
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I. Anterior Pituitary
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex
which makes a hormone called cortisol (helps the body manage stress)
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I. Anterior Pituitary
4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Produces the hormone thyroxine
Regulates the rate of metabolism
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I. Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropic hormones – Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates follicle development in ovaries Stimulates sperm development in testes
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I. Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropic hormones – Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads 6. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Triggers ovulation Prepares uterus for fertilized egg Stimulates testosterone production in males
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II. Posterior Pituitary
1. Oxytocin Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor Causes milk ejection
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II. Posterior Pituitary
2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Can inhibit urine production In large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to
increased blood pressure
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Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary
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Mnemonic Device for anterior and posterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary
FLAT PIG FSH LH ACTH TSH
Prolactin (Ignore) Growth Hormone
Posterior pituitary Audio Osmosis = AO = ADH and Oxytocin
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Mnemonic Device
Hormone Targeted Area Produces
F FSH Ovaries and Testes
Sperm and egg
L LH Ovaries and Testes
Ovulation and testosterone
A ATCH Adrenal Gland CortisolT TSH Thyroid ThryoxineP Prolactin Breast MilkI Ignore - -G GH Muscles and
bonesGrowth of muscles and bones
Anterior Pituitary Gland Chart
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Mnemonic Device
Hormone Targeted Area Produces
A ADH Kidneys Inhibit urine production
O Oxytocin Uterus and breast Uterine contraction and milk letdown
Posterior Pituitary Gland Chart