endocrine system, nervous system and homeostatic control review for unit test #1
TRANSCRIPT
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Endocrine System, Nervous System and Homeostatic Control
Review for Unit Test #1
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Endocrine system
Information signaling system
Glands produce hormones
Circulate through blood vessels
Regulate:– mood,
growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles.
Secretes hormones that tell other glands to create their hormones
– GHRH
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Pineal Body
Secretes Melatonin Melatonin may help
regulate sleep patterns
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Pituitary Gland
Growth Blood Pressure Sex Organ Functions Conversion of food into
energy Water regulation
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Thyroid
Controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.
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Parathyroid
The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range.
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Pancreas
Regulates blood sugar by producing Insulin
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Adrenal gland
Produces Adrenaline Fight or Flight
Response– Dilate pupils– Increase heart rate– Suppress non
emergency process– Boost oxygen and
glucose supply
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Testes and Ovaries
Both produce hormones to support body function
Testes– Testosterone
Ovaries– Progesterone– Estrogens
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Nervous system
Made up of two major parts
– Central Nervous System (CNS)
– Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Neurons
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Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord– Nerves– Ganglion
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Brain
Consists of lobes, Each lobe having different functions.
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Function
Process information Dictate reactions and behaviors
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Peripheral Nervous system
Nerves from spinal cord to rest of body Create locomotion Etc…
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Feedback Loops
Your nervous system is involved in almost all homeostatic control loops.
Reflex arc Sensory Vs Motor Affector Vs Effector
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Neuron Function
Dendrites Myelin Schwann Cells Axon Node of Ranvier
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Threshold
Before a neuron can send out a signal the stimuli has to pass the threshold
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Action Potential
An action potential is a nerve impulse
An electrical shock sent down the axon
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Action Potential
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Synapse
A synapse occurs where ever the action potential meets the end of the axon
It needs to propagate across that gap
It does this through chemical messengers
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Neurotransmitter= Acetylcholine
Enzyme that destroys it = Acetylcholinesterase
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Synapse
When Acetylcholine jumps across the gap, it tells the next neuron to fire it’s action potential and the process continues
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Homeostasis Summary
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism.
Organisms must respond and maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors.
Organisms detect changes in their environment and respond to these changes in a variety of ways.
These changes may occur at the cellular or organism level.