Endocrine System Glands

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Adrenal Glands

• Produces androgens and cortisol.

• It helps to control blood sugar.

• Promotes proper cardiovascular function

• Helps in how we respond to stress

• Properly utilizing carbohydrates and fats

• Helps distribute stored fat

• Gives you body odor and pubic hair

• Promotes healthy gastrointestinal functions

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Hypothalamus

• The hypothalamus controls pituitary hormones by releasing:

• Thyrotrophic-releasing hormone

• Growth hormone-releasing hormone

• Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

• These hormones regulate body temperature, appetite and weight, mood, sex drive, sleep, and thirst.

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Ovaries

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• Found in women

• Produces eggs and sex hormones

• Estrogen

• Testosterone

• Progesterone

Vital to reproductive organ development, breast development, bone health, pregnancy, and fertility.

Pancreas

• The main function of the pancreas is to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.

• It is a large gland located behind the stomach.

• Produces:

• Insulin

• Glucagon

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Parathyroid

• The parathyroid gland is actually a group of four small glands located behind the thyroid gland.

• Vital to proper bone development because it helps control both calcium and phosphorous levels in the body.

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Pineal

The pineal gland releases melatonin, which helps the body recognize when it is time to go to

sleep.

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Pituitary

• The pituitary gland is a tiny organ, the size of a pea, found at the base of the brain.

• As the “master gland” of the body, it produces many hormones that travel throughout the body, directing certain processes or stimulating other glands to produce other hormones.

• The pituitary gland makes or stores many different hormones.

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Pituitary

• Anterior

• Prolactin

• Growth Hormone

• Adrenocorticotropin

• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

• Luteinizing Hormone

• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

• Posterior

• Oxytocin

• Antidiuretic Hormone

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Testes

• Found in Men

• Produces Testosterone

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Thymus

• This gland secretes hormones that are commonly referred to as humoral factors and are important during puberty.

• The role of these hormones is to make sure a person develops a healthy immune system.

• Has little purpose after adolescence.

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Thyroid

• Found in both women and men, the thyroid controls a person's metabolism.

• This gland secretes hormones that govern many of the functions in your body, such as the way the body uses energy, consumes oxygen and produces heat.

• Produces:

• Triiodothyronine (T3)

• Thyroxine (T4)

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Endocrine-Related Organs

• Placenta

• Skin, liver, and kidneys

• Stomach and Small Intestines

• Adipose Tissue (Fat)

• Heart

• Skeletal Muscles

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Information and images for this lecture are found at hormone.org

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