endocrinology by naveed akhtar
DESCRIPTION
It will be usefull in understanding about HypertensionTRANSCRIPT
Topic
Hypertension
Presented To: Sir Bakht Tareen
Presented By: Naveed Akhtar
Hypertension
• Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.
• HTN means the heart is working harder than normal , putting extra strain on the heart and vessels.
• When the normal regulatory mechanisms fail, hypertension develops.
Hypertension
Hypertension
• Hypertension may be classified as essential or secondary.
• Essential hypertension is the term for high blood pressure with unknown cause. It accounts for about 95% of cases.
Secondary hypertension
• The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart and endocrine system.
Hypertension
• Some 70 million adults in the United States are affected by hypertension. The condition also affects about two million teens and children. According to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in September 2012, over half all Americans with hypertension do not have their high blood pressure under control.
Hypertension
• Persistent blood pressure that is higher than the recommended blood pressure range.
Category Systolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Normal < 120 <80
Pre-hypertension 120-139 80-89
Hypertension – Stage 1
140-159 90-99
Hypertension – Stage 2
>160 >100
Hypertension
• Approximately one in four American adults has hypertension.
• As many as 2.8 million children also have high blood pressure.
• The prevalence of hypertension increases with age.
Prevalence of Hypertension by Age
Age % Hypertensive
18-29 4%
30-39 11%
40-49 21%
50-59 44%
60-69 54%
70-79 64%
80+ 65%
Factors effecting HTN
• How much water and salt you have in your body.
• The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels.
• The levels of different body hormones.
Causes
• Exact cause is unknown.
• 90%-95% of the time hypertension is elevated blood pressure without an identifiable cause.
Causes
• Drink too much alcohol (more than one drink per day for women and more than two drinks per day for men).
• Eat too much salt in your diet.
• Stress.
Causes
• Have a family history of high blood pressure.
• Have diabetes.
• Smoking.
• Obesity.
Effects
• Heart Failure.
• Enlarged Left Side of the Heart.
• Coronary Artery Disease.
• Retinal Damage (Eyes).
Effects
• Cerebrovascular disease (Brain)
• Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Kidney Failure
Advice
• It should be kept in mind that when you are going to check your blood pressure you have to go to a prescribed doctor.
Symptoms
• HTN is so dangerous that it has no symptoms.
• Therefore HTN is termed as
“ The Silent Killer”.
Malignant hypertension.
• If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.
Tests
• High cholesterol levels
• Heart disease, such as an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram
• Kidney disease, such as a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or ultrasound of the kidneys
Treatment
• You can do many things to control your blood pressure, including:
1. Eat a heart-healthy diet, including potassium and fiber, and drink plenty of water.
2. Exercise regularly -- at least 30 minutes.
3. Stop smoking.
Treatment
4. Limit how much alcohol you drink (one drink a day for women, two a day for men).
5. Limit the amount of sodium (salt) you eat (less than 1,500 mg per day).
6. Reduce stress.
Treatment
• Stay at a healthy body weight (find a weight-loss program to help you, if you need it).