endometriosis 2
DESCRIPTION
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Endometriosis
Christina Hodder
Leanne Jesso
Introduction
Uterine lining implants itself to other organs in the pelvic region. Ex.. Ovaries, bladder, fallopian tubes
Appears as cysts and adhesions
Causes a great deal of menstrual pain
Affects women of the reproductive age
Remains a “hidden” disease until other problems arise
Brief History
Thought to be a disease of the upper class, white woman
The first report in 1860 by a Dr. Rokitansky
Symptoms
Pelvic Pain (acute or chronic) Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) Painful bowel movements Premenstrual staining and abnormal bleeding Difficult urination and/or blood present in the
urine Infertility
Some Theoretical Causes
Genetic, “runs in the family” Retrograde menstruation Problems in the immune system Estrogen (natural and synthetic)
Effects on the Body
Linked to infertility Miscarriages Loss of reproductive organs
(hysterectomy) Psychologically damaging Chronic pain
Methods of Diagnosis
Most cases diagnosed because of other complication(s) Laparoscopy is best detector and treatment option
Some Classifications
Mild- Rare, scattered lesions, no scarring Moderate- Minimal adhesions and
superficial implants Severe- Reproductive organs are bound
down by growths, bladder and/or bowel may also become affected
Stages
Treatment Options- Surgical
Laparoscopy- method of choice Conservative surgery Hysterectomy
Patient Satisfaction
Treatment Options- Non surgical
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, Danazol, Norethindrone, Gestrinone
All acyclic, some high androgen, others high progesterone, all low estrogen
Negative side effects such as accelerated bone loss, weight gain, nausea, breakthrough bleeding
Pain killers (aspirin, morphine, and codeine)
Patient Satisfaction
Statistics
6-58% of infertile women have endometriosis 30-50% of women with endometriosis are infertile (twice the rate of
the general population) Up to 22% of women have no symptoms 30-50% of women with this disease have had miscarriages Between 1965-1984 ~2 million US women between ages 25-54
diagnosed received a hysterectomy Painful disease: 66% of women experience chronic pain 1 out of 10 women from menarche to menopause can be expected
to have some degree of endometriosis EXCEPT women with a sister, mother, or daughter already diagnosed, then incidences double to 1 out of 5
Interesting Facts
Men can also develop endometriosis after prolonged treatments involving synthetic estrogen
Reported cases in primates such as baboons, African Green Monkeys, and Rhesus Monkeys
Pharmaceutical companies cashing in on women’s pain= 3 month “Endometriosis Kit” $525.95 USD
Endometriosis has been removed from areas other than the abdomen such as the thigh, thumb, and knee
Photos
A small adhesion on an ovary about to be removed surgically
Photos
Endometriosis growing on the ovary and fallopian tube
Photos
Severe endometriosis on the back of the uterus causing adhesions of the bowel and pelvic organs
Conclusion
No cure Disease of ‘coping’ Combination therapy involving surgery,
hormones, and (if needed) assisted reproduction
Works Cited
Buttram, Veasy C. Jr. et al. Endometriosis: Advanced Management and Surgical Techniques. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
O’Connor, Daniel T. Endometriosis. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1987.
Shaw, Robert W. Endometriosis: Current Understanding and Management. London: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1995.
Wilson, Emery A. Endometriosis. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1987. http://www.endometriosis.org/ http://ladytobaby.com/show.php?cat=38&item=164 www.dictionary.com
Websites
http://ladytobaby.com/show.php?cat=38&item=164
http://www.endo.org.uk/painsurveytoplinepreliminaryresults05.doc