Energy Analysis & Audits

November 4, 2014

Date:

9:00am-11:00am

Time:

Presenters: Strategic Energy Group

Natalie WestringJim VolkmanAuralia Lundquist

“Understanding your electricity use is key to managing it”- PPL Electric Utilities Website

Attendance 

  

        

    

 

  

Upcoming Meetings

• Energy Champ Update

November 18th

• Energy Champ Update

• December 16th

• Benchmarking

• January 6th

Activity Calendar

Activity Schedule VenuePY5 ( until May 2014)

1 CEI Kickoff Monday April 7, 2014 Workshop-PPL EU 2 Energy Policy & Team May 6, 2014 Webinar3 Building Operation Assessment April, May & June Individual Onsite

PY6 (June 2014- May 2015)4 MT&R July 1, 2014 Workshop- TBD5 MT&R model updates/handoffs Month of August Individual6 Midterm Progress Report September 9, 2014 Webinar7 Employee Awareness October 7, 2014 Webinar8 Energy Analysis & Audits November 4, 2014 Webinar9 Benchmarking January 6, 2015 Webinar

10 Roll Out Plan March 3, 2015 Webinar11 Strategic Energy Mgt. Plan April 7, 2015 Webinar12 Final Report May 5, 2015 Workshop-PPL EU

PY7 (June 2015- May 2016)13 Second EMA June 2015 – August 2015 Individual14 MT&R Model for additional building May 2015- December2015 Individual15 Update SEMP January 2016- May2016 Individual16 Implement Roll Out Plan June 2015- May 2016 Individual

Today’s Objectives

1. Understand audit types and the process of analyzing projects

2. Understand and use load profiles to identify opportunities.

3. Prepare for Addt’l Building Opportunity Assessments• Energy Use Load Profiles

• Value of Using Data Loggers

• Calculating Energy Usage and Savings

Level 1: Preliminary Audit

Level 2: Energy Survey & Analysis

Level 3: Investment Grade Audit

Budget Capital

Implement Budgeted Projects

ASHRAE Audits

6

Implement Operational and Behavioral Opportunities

Implement Operational and Behavioral Projects

Implement Operational and Behavioral Projects

7

Audit Type Objective Who Audit Information

Preliminary Identify potential opportunities

3rd Party or in-house staff

Natalie to discuss PPL Electric Utilities Audit Involvement

Energy Survey

Comprehensive identification of opportunities

Capital Projects – 3rd partyOperational Projects – In-house or 3rd Party

Investment Grade

Accurate financial evaluation of potential projects

Usually 3rd Party

Audits

Energy Data

Benchmark energy consumption•Compare buildings•Prioritize efforts

Track building performance•Determine energy savings•Evaluate building performance

Identify & Quantify Opportunities• Analyze usage patterns• Estimate energy savings

Energy • kWh• therms• Btu• kBtu

Basic Terms

Power• kW• Horsepower• therms/hr• Btu/hr

Energy: The capacity available (battery) or the amount of work performed (expended).

Power: The rate at which energy is used

Energy Charge The amount of energy used in kWh. Sometimes broken down into on-Peak or off Peak rates. Your utility should identify the on/off peak periods.

Demand Charge: Based on the highest “average” power requirement measured over any interval period during the billing cycle (usually 15, 30, or 60 minutes), identified in kilowatts (kW). This charge covers Monthly Demand costs and costs related to sub-transmission system and substation upgrades and maintenance. (May also be on a Time-of-use rate)

Reactive Demand: Charge based on the Power Factor (ratio between kW & KVAR) Typically billed for charges above a specific threshold level that is related to your average power factor example <0.85

Electric Bill

Courtesy of BetterBricks

Power Factor

Direction of Travel (Real Power)

Total Power (Apparent)

Non-Working (Reactive Power)

Transmission Charge: This charge includes Scheduling, Dispatch, System Control, Reactive Supply, Regulation and Load Following costs.

Facility Charge: The average of the 2 highest demand months (kW) for the last 12 months (PGE with this rate schedule.) Includes shared primary and secondary wire, as well as distribution transformer costs.

Electric Bill

Courtesy of BetterBricks

Interval Data:

Energy Usage data that is time stamped in intervals

Technically- your monthly bill is interval data, but the interval is somewhat less than desired. It has an interval of 28-33 days depending on the month and the billing cycle.

The data is much more meaningful in intervals of 1 hour or less. 15 minute interval data is probably the smallest increment you will need.

What is interval data?

Courtesy of BetterBricks

• Local Utility

• Energy Supplier

• Energy Management System (EMS)

• Switchboard/Switchgear Manufacturer

• Submeters or other privately owned meters

Getting Interval Data

Energy Calculations

kW

time

Load profile showing demand vs time

The area under the curve is the Energy (kWh) used.

From www.BetterBricks.com

Calendar Summary

• Scheduling• Optimum / Start Stop• Staging• Occupant After Hours Use

Typical Problems identified

Weekends

Weekdays

Using Interval Data for Discovery

From www.BetterBricks.com

High School

50 kW

What was happening?

Saturday Evening?

60 kW

Actions to Take

21

1. Download and review load profiles for all sites.

2. Identify and investigate anomalies

Engagement Activity

Natalie to review PPL Electric Utilities Website Information

Engagement Activity

View Load Profile:

1. Go To: https://www.pplelectric.com/

• Enter Log in & Password

2. Select Account

3. On left, select View Daily Energy Use

4. Select drop down menu by Graph:

• Click Hourly Energy

5. Review Data

Activity:

1. Review weekly data

2. Look at daily data

3. Answer these questions:

1. When are energy systems starting/stopping down?

2. What is the appropriate start/stop times?

3. What is the average nighttime demand?

4. How much energy do we use per day?

5. Are we running on holidays?

4. Report back to group

1. Did anything surprise you?

2. What looks unusual?

3. How can you use this going forward?

10 Minutes

Estimating Energy Savingsfrom

Scheduling Changes

Note 1: No heating or cooling interaction factor

Kill-A-Watt® Meter

Kill-A-Watt ® Power Strip

Single Phase True Power Data Logger

Location Occupied Hours

Hours of Operation

Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type

4th Floor 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. 5 1003 Lamp 32

Watt T8

# Fixtures ?

Watts used per fixture ?

Change in Annual On Hours

?

Connected Load (kW)

?

Estimating Energy Savings

Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation

Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type

4th Floor 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. 5 100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8

# Fixtures 100

Watts used per fixture

85

Change in Annual On Hours

?

Connected Load (kW)

?

Estimating Energy Savings

Specific for ballast – Look up model number online (ballast label.) Or just use a reasonable average.

Location Occupied Hours

Hours of Operation

Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type

4th Floor 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. 5 1003 Lamp 32

Watt T8

# Fixtures 100

Watts used per fixture

85

Change in Annual On Hours

780

Connected Load (kW)

?

Estimating Energy Savings

Change daily into annualNew Hours:

6 a.m. – 7 p.m. 3 hour reduction52 Weeks per Year5 Days per week

Result260 days with a 3 hour per day reduction: = 780 hours per year

Location Occupied Hours

Hours of Operation

Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type

4th Floor 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. 5 1003 Lamp 32

Watt T8

# Fixtures 100

Watts used per fixture

85

Change in Annual On Hours

780

Connected Load (kW)

8.50

Estimating Energy Savings

Location Occupied Hours

Hours of Operation

Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type

4th Floor 7 a.m. - 6 p.m. 6 a.m. - 10 p.m. 5 1003 Lamp 32

Watt T8

# Fixtures 100

Watts used per fixture

85

Change in Annual On Hours

780

Connected Load (kW)

8.50

$663.00 @ $0.10 /kWh

Estimating Energy Savings

End-Use kBtu per Sq.Ft.

Heating 52.54Cooling 1.71Ventilation 6.73Water Heating 5.57Lighting 9.88Cooking 0.49Refrigeration 0.85Office Equipment

0.21

Computer Use 1.47Miscellaneous 3.66

TOTAL 83.11

Middle Atlantic Schools End-Use

Heating63.2%

Cooling2.1%

Ventilation8.1%

Water Heating

6.7%Lighting11.9%

Cooking0.6%

Refrig-eration1.0%

Office Equipment0.3%Computer Use

1.8%Miscel-laneous

4.4%

31

Energy Audit Equipment & Tools

Important Safety Notes

• Do not install electrical measuring equipment (e.g. data loggers, volt meters, amp probes, power meters) unless:• Licensed electrician• Approval received

• An electrical safety course is recommended

Equipment

Common Equipment

Onset Hobo Data Logger, Current Transformer, Thermocouple

True Power Meter Data Logger

Hobo Software

Exporting to Excel

Plot Title: Gilbert Building

#Date Time, GMT-07:00 Curr, Amps Curr, Amps

1 4/25/2011 12:04 21.313 11.2062 4/25/2011 12:19 26.294 11.9383 4/25/2011 12:34 21.313 20.5814 4/25/2011 12:49 20.288 11.9385 4/25/2011 13:04 21.46 6.9586 4/25/2011 13:19 19.409 12.5247 4/25/2011 13:34 21.021 6.9588 4/25/2011 13:49 19.995 6.9589 4/25/2011 14:04 24.39 18.677

10 4/25/2011 14:19 18.677 7.10411 4/25/2011 14:34 19.702 16.47912 4/25/2011 14:49 25.415 14.28213 4/25/2011 15:04 19.263 24.82914 4/25/2011 15:19 17.798 9.74115 4/25/2011 15:34 20.581 7.10416 4/25/2011 15:49 22.339 6.95817 4/25/2011 16:04 20.581 6.95818 4/25/2011 16:19 17.798 12.67119 4/25/2011 16:34 23.218 13.403

Common equipment:

Equipment

Thermal imaging camera

Kill A Watt meter

Infrared thermometer

Data logging:• One leg• Average voltage

Equipment

Single Phase Power =Volts x Amps x Power Factor

Three Phase Power (Balanced Circuit) =Voltsaverage x Amps(1 phase) x Power Factor x √3

Energy UsedkWh = kW x Hours Operated

Calculating Electrical Power & Energy

Simple – amps over time and one-time voltageExample Calculation:

Three phase power

Average 20.5 Amps, 462 Volts

0.75 Power Factor (estimated)

kW = Amps x Volts x 1.73 x Power Factor ÷ 1000

kW = 20.5 Amps x 462 Volts x 1.73 x 0.75 ÷ 1000

kW = 12.3 kW

Energy Calculations

39

Converting kW to kWh:

Assume Amp readings every 15 minutes

kWh = (15 min / 60 min) * kW

kWh = 0.25*12.3 kW

kWh = 3.075

Energy Calculations

Actions to Take

1. Complete internal Opportunity Assessments for all remaining sites

2. Identify available technical and financial resources for further analysis Complete appropriate analysis for all potentially viable opportunities

3. Implement as appropriate

Questions & Answer

1. Any Questions on:1. Audits

2. Energy Analysis

3. Calculations

Next Steps

Complete Awareness

Survey

Implement Awareness Program

Complete Energy Policy &

Decide on communication.

Attend Energy Champ Update on November

18h

Connduct Team Meetings.

Review Energy Bill & Load

Profile

Update MT&R models. Send to SEG and

communicate with team

Activity Calendar

Activity Schedule VenuePY5 ( until May 2014)

1 CEI Kickoff Monday April 7, 2014 Workshop-PPL EU 2 Energy Policy & Team May 6, 2014 Webinar3 Building Operation Assessment April, May & June Individual Onsite

PY6 (June 2014- May 2015)4 MT&R July 1, 2014 Workshop- TBD5 MT&R model updates/handoffs Month of August Individual6 Midterm Progress Report September 9, 2014 Webinar7 Employee Awareness October 7, 2014 Webinar8 Energy Analysis & Audits November 4, 2014 Webinar9 Benchmarking January 6, 2015 Webinar

10 Roll Out Plan March 3, 2015 Webinar11 Strategic Energy Mgt. Plan April 7, 2015 Webinar12 Final Report May 5, 2015 Workshop-PPL EU

PY7 (June 2015- May 2016)13 Second EMA June 2015 – August 2015 Individual14 MT&R Model for additional building May 2015- December2015 Individual15 Update SEMP January 2016- May2016 Individual16 Implement Roll Out Plan June 2015- May 2016 Individual

Round Table 

Contact Information

Auralia Lundquist, Implementation Manager

Direct: 484-224-2967

Mobile: 610-703-5716

Auralia@strategicenergygroup.com