Energy & Cycles Big Ideas

7.5B Demonstrate and explain the cycling of matter within living systems such as in

the decay of biomass in a compost bin

• I can draw a diagram that shows the flow of matter.

• I can explain in complete sentences, the flow of matter

• I can describe what takes place in a compost bin

• I can interpret/analyze diagrams of cycles

Matter

• Anything that has mass & volume (takes up space)

• Examples:

–Plants & Animals

–Water

–Air

Law of Conservation of Matter

•Matter cannot be created

•Or destroyed

•Only can be rearranged

• How could you have part of a dinosaur inside you?

Dinosaur (Carnivore)

Dead dinosaur Or Feces

Decomposers

Plants

Dinosaur (Herbivore)

Decomposer • Organisms that chemically break down dead

organisms & feces, and returns nutrients to the soil

• Examples: mushrooms, worms, bacteria, microorganisms, dung beetles, mold, insects, maggots

Biomass • Dead plants & animals, feces/manure

• Renewable energy source from biotic factors

• A tropical rainforest has more biomass than a desert

Compost Bin • Container filled with leaves, grass, fruit, etc.

• Decomposers break it down chemically into humus (natural fertilizer)

• Needs: moisture, air, rotated, nitrogen, carbon

• Temperature increases

• Amount of biomass reduces

Process of Decaying

• Reduces Biomass

• Increases temperature

• Click below for Video Clips

–Fruit & Vegetables

–Rabbit

Need to know about DECOMPOSITION

• Organic matter is broken down chemically by decomposers, returned to the soil

• Temperature increases because heat energy is released by decomposers.

• Biomass is reduced during decomposition.

• New plants use the nutrients from the soil to grow.

• Animals get nutrients they need from plants and other animals.

• Nutrients needed: energy, nitrogen, carbon

Carbon Cycle Plants take in more carbon dioxide than they give off! What would happen if deforestation to place? More cars?

Nitrogen Cycle Where do animals get NITROGEN?

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle What would happen to the water cycle without the Sun?

Cycles Reflection

• Diagram the flow of nutrients/biomass.

• Explain in complete sentences the cycling of nutrients/biomass.

–Use vocabulary words such as: decay, biomass, compost bin, decomposer, Law of Conservation.

7.5C Diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food

webs, and energy pyramids • I can interpret diagrams of energy flow.

• I know that the points in the direction energy flows.

• I can identify prey predator relationships.

• I can label trophic levels.

• I can create food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.

• I can explain the 10% rule.

Food Chain • Shows how chemical energy is passed from one

organism to another. (the arrow points in the direction energy moves)

Producer (Autotroph)

Primary Consumer

(Heterotroph)

Secondary Consumer

(Heterotroph)

Tertiary Consumer

(Heterotroph)

Where did the producer get its energy?

Energy Flow through Living organisms.. • Can be summarized by trophic levels

• Sun producers primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers Quaternary consumers

• Where do decomposers fit in???

Texas Food Web Which of these are producers?

Which of these are primary consumers?

Which of these are secondary consumers?

Which of these are tertiary consumers?

algae

Which of these are quaternary consumers?

Only 10% of energy moves to the next level. Where does it go?

Quaternary Consumers

0.01%

Which trophic level has the GREATEST amount of energy available?

10% Primary Consumers

1% Secondary Consumers

0.1% Tertiary Consumers

Low

High Producers 100%

700,000 KCal

70,000 KCal

7,000 KCal

700 KCal

• How many trophic levels are needed to create an energy pyramid?

• How much energy gets passed on?

100%

10% 1%

0.1%

Review Games • Herbivore, Carnivore, or Omnivore

• Producer, Consumer, or Decomposer?

• Food Chain Game

• Toxins in the food chain

Energy Flow • Choose a biome and create a food web.

• Label the trophic levels of each organism.

• Explain in a complete sentence(s) the flow of energy through a single food chain within your food web.

– Use vocabulary such as: predator, energy, prey

• Create an energy pyramid using your food web.

– Label the tropic levels.

– Explain the 10% rule.

– Label the amount of energy (kcal) available at each level, if the producer level had 100,000kcal of energy.