energy day 2014 hydro power - arbeitskreis energie
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DI Ingo Preiss | 23.10.2014
Energy day 2014 – hydro power
DI Ingo Preiss | 23.10.2014
Serbia
Kosovo
Romania
Bulgaria
Montenegro
Croatia
Slovenia
Italia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Austria
Kelag International
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Basic physics
Seite 3 Quelle: www.artomatic.de
DI Ingo Preiss | 23.10.2014
Basics
Potential energy, energy of the position
To lift a body with the weight G (G = m x g) to the height H the needed energy is calculated by the
equation:
𝐸𝑝𝑜𝑡 = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝐻 𝐽 = 𝑘𝑔 ∙𝑚
𝑠2∙ 𝑚 =
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚²
𝑠²
Kinetic energy, energy of motion
Ability of bodies in motion to execute energy (work):
𝐸𝑘𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚 ∙𝑣²
2 𝐽 = 𝑘𝑔 ∙
𝑚²
𝑠2=
𝑘𝑔∙𝑚²
𝑠²
Forms of energy and work
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Unit of energy
„Joule“ = international physical unit of energy
1 J = 1 𝑘𝑔∙𝑚2
𝑠2
1 Joule = 1 Wattssecond [1 J = 1 Ws]
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 Wh = 3,6 kJ
1 kWh = 3,6 MJ
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Hydro power
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Turbine power (power on the turbine shaft) is calculated as follows: Pmech = ρ g Q HN ηTu ρ density of water (~1.000 kg/m³)
g local gravity [~9,81 m/s2]
ηTu Turbine efficiency [-] Q water discharge QA [m³/s] HN net head HN [m]
The electric engergy is calculated: PEL = Pmech ηGen. ηTr ηGen Generator efficiency ηTr Transformer efficiency
𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = 𝜚 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝑄 ∙ 𝐻𝑁 ∙ 𝜂𝑇𝑢
= 1000[𝑘𝑔
𝑚3] ∙ 9,81[𝑚
𝑠2] ∙ 10[
𝑚3
𝑠] ⋅ 10[𝑚] ∙ 0,9[1] = 882.900
𝑘𝑔𝑚2
𝑠3= 882.900
𝐽
𝑠= 882,9 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝐸𝐿 = 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ ∙ 𝜂𝐺𝑒𝑛 ∙ 𝜂𝑇𝑟 = 882,9 𝑘𝑊 ∙ 0,95 1 ∙ 0,99 1 = 830,37 [𝑘𝑊]
𝐸 = 𝑃𝐸𝐿[𝑘𝑊] ∙ 𝑡 ℎ t operating hours of the hydro power plant [h]
= 830,37 𝑘𝑊 ∙ 5000[ℎ] = 4.151.850 𝑘𝑊ℎ = 4.151,85 𝑀𝑊ℎ = 4,15 [𝐺𝑊ℎ]
Hydro power power vs. energy
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Types of hydro power plants
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Hydro power plants
Hydro power plants can be classified by different criteria:
1. In the way of water utilization
Run-off river power plants
Storage power plants
Pump storage power plants
2. Determination by pressure (head)
Low pressure power plants (up to 20m head)
Medium pressure power plants (20 to 100 m head)
High pressure power plants (above 100 m head)
Classification of hydro power plants
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Run-off river hydro power plant
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Pump storage hydro power plant
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Types of turbines
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1910 by Viktor Kaplan
similar to a ship propeller
runner with adjustable blades
range of use:
run-off river HPP
head up to 40 m,
capacity up to150 MW,
efficiency 95%
Kaplan turbine Turbine types
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1849 by James B. Francis
regulation of the water flow by guide vanes in front of the runner
range of use:
storage and pump storage HPP,
head up to 700 m,
efficiency 90%
Francis turbine Turbine types
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1899 by Lester A. Pelton
disc with up to 40 buckets,
regulation with multiple jets
range of use:
storage power plants
head up to 2.000 m
efficiency 90%
Pelton turbine Turbine types
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Thank you for your attention!
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