energy efficiency in green building design

8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design

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Energy Efficiency in Green BuildingDesign

Phil Voss, Senior Project Leader, NREL

August 6, 2008


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An enormous opportunity to reduce energy bills for the long term and to make

schools a healthier place to learn by considering energy when building

Schools utilize significant resources addressing energyuse and facility maintenance

K-12 spend $8 billion annually on energy,electricity (63%) and natural gas (29%), oil(7%), district heat (3%) costs rising Secondlargest cost after personnel

1,000 new schools built annually

Average school is 42 years old renovationsare becoming necessary and commonplace

Estimated $60 billion over next 3 years fornew construction, and retrofits

In 2002, 47% of nations school districtsrenovated or retrofitted facilities

In 2005, $21.6 billion spent on schoolconstruction $12.8 billion new, $5 billionadditions, and $3.9 billion renovations


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How can we build schools smarter? What characteristicsdo schools that are models of smart energy use have?

Serve as safe havens

Viewed as round-the-clock community centers

Incorporate high-performance building design

Include energy-efficient technologies and strategies

Building would provide hands-on learning for energyeducation/curriculum

Include alternative fuel transportation Generate energy on-site using renewable energy

systems


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U.S. DOE Energy Smart Schools Program

Vision for the Future ofSchools

Increase energy efficiency in new school construction andmajor reconstruction by 50%

Create more comfortable, productive, and healthier spaces forlearning and working

Provide opportunities for dynamic, interactive lessons onenergy efficiency and renewable energy

Supply off-grid power and back-up power

Replace diesel- and gasoline-fueled buses with cleaneralternatives


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Energy Efficiency Strategies

New Construction

Major Renovations and Retrofits

Energy Management Programs


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Designing Energy Efficient Schools

Advanced Energy Design Guide

Provides guidelines for designing andbuilding energy efficient schools Schools would have minimum 30%

energy savings over current code Accounts for different climates (and

gives climate-specificrecommendations)

No unproven technologies focuseson cost-effective solutions and off-the-

shelf technologies Minimal first cost increase if guide

is used throughout design process Developed in partnership with

ASHRAE, AIA, IESNA, USGBC


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Advanced Energy Design Guide breaks down eachaspect of the design process to help designers identifyhow to maximize energy savings

Louisiana Climate Zones Recommendations Provides criteria for insulating values for: walls, roofs,

doors, windows, ducts

Outlines minimumH

VAC efficiencies Specifies Lighting Power Densities (i.e. max. 0.9 W/sq.ft.)


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Consider Design/Planning Charrette

Cooperative environment fordecision makers

Intense effort to identify andaddress issues in a short time

Listen and understand needsand limitations

Envision realistic and creativesolutions

Record ideas as they areintroduced

Effectively express ideas in aplan to serve as a vehicle tomove the process forward

Owner well-defined goals (OPR)


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Hot/Humid Climate Energy EfficiencyStrategies

Optimize daylighting to full possible extent Building orientation, photocell controls with dimmable ballasts

Reduces lighting and cooling loads

Daylight glass and view glass are not the same

Efficient lighting design Lighting Power Density < 1 W/ft2

Pendant direct/indirect

Occupancy sensors, auto night shut-off

Dedicated outdoor air treatment Energy Recovery Ventilator or Demand-Controlled Ventilation

Centralize exhaust zones for energy recovery


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Hot/Humid Climate Energy EfficiencyStrategies

Efficient, tight envelope Appropriate, well -installed insulation

Low-e, low-SHGC windows (esp. east/west facing)

Shading for south facing windows

Light colored roof

High efficiency HVAC with optimized control system Balance with maintenance concerns

Size properly, incorporate strategies for variable loads

Energy star appliances and office equipment

Use energy modeling iteratively to identify and reduceloads, and optimize efficiency of design


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Successful model energy schools exist today

Homewood Middle School,Homewood, AL LEED-Certified

Low cost - $121/sq-ft

Optimized Energy Performance

High-Performance Windows Daylighting/Energy Efficient

Lighting

EfficientHeating and AirConditioning

Indoor Environmental Quality Air quality Monitored

Temp/Humidity/Ventilation

Daylight & Views

36% Energy Savings over ASHRAE90.1-1999


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Energy efficient schools give noticeable results

Caywood ElementaryS

chool in Edgewood,KY

Features an extensive daylighting strategy that resulted in:

Annual Energy Savings of $50,000

An Energy Budget that is 50% lower than other schools in thedistrict


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Major Renovations Present Opportunities Utilize AEDG as much as possible

Integrated design approach, Commissioning, Energy modeling

Consider extent of renovation, and how layout/designchanges may impact energy use

Explore options beyond like-for-like HVAC efficiency, sizing and system design

Lighting redesign

Daylight harvesting

Room layout, etc.


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Retrofit Strategies

An energy auditor can identify Energy ConservationMeasures

Measures can be implemented individually, but may be

best as a single project

Can be prioritized based on simple payback or lowestcost, but consider other benefits as well


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HVAC equipment Replace old equipment with high efficiency equipment

Premium efficiency motors

Variable speed drives for motors and pumps

Window replacement Low-e, low SHGC, insulating glass

Reflective films are a less expensive option if installed correctly

Plug loads Energy Star office equipment and appliances

Install Vending Misers on vending machines

Replace CRTs with LCD monitors


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Energy Audit Example

International School of Louisiana, New Orleans Energy audit performed fall 2007

Opportunities Estimated Impact Implementation

ECMDescription of

Recommendations

Energy

Savings(MMBtu)

Cost

Savings ($)

Cost to

Complete($)

Simple

Payback(years)

Target

CompletionDate

1 Revise Setpoints 304 $11,337 $0 0.0 4Q 2007

2 Replace T8 lamps 112 $4,164 $5,643 1.4 1Q 2008

3 Occupancy sensors 158 $5,876 $8,500 1.4 1Q 2008

4Photocell controlled

ballasts 71 $2,655 $10,175 3.8 1Q 2008

5 Replace hallway fixtures 105 $3,293 $13,200 3.4 1Q 2008

6 Permanent windowtreatments 56 $2,070 $25,000 12.1 2Q 2008

7 Weathersealing 41 $1,227 $5,089 4.1 1Q 2008

8 Solar hot water 11 $388 $5,600 10.1 2Q 2008

10 Chiller replacement 414 $14,190 $168,000 11.83Q 2008

TOTALS 1,017 $36,160 $241,207 6.7


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Energy Management Programs

Proactive O&M programs ensure buildings remain high-performing

Can substantially reduce annual energy cost Gross generalization: 5% - 20%

Extends equipment life and minimizes unexpectedfailures

Policy should be set at district or state level

Implement strategies to support policy


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Energy Management Program Options

Low/No Cost Quick, simple fixes - minimal cost, low to moderate impact

Education and Awareness Low cost, moderate impact with persistent efforts

Energy Tracking and Accounting High cost (staff time required), high impact

Regular Preventive Maintenance Low to moderate cost, moderate to high impact


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Example - St. Tammany Parish Schools

Set a Goal of10% Energy Savings

Focus on Low/no-cost measures 2-person energy team (teacher and maintenance person)

Educate to change behavior- turn off lights when you walk out of

the room Verify HVAC/lighting control settings

Energy Star Portfolio Manager- Monthly reports to schools (vs.baseline) - managed by Admin. Asst.

Community is very Supportive

Use bond issue to install central HVAC/Lighting Controls


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Example - St. Tammany Parish Schools(contd)

Contract with Schools for Energy Efficiency(SEE)

4-year program to develop low/no cost approach

Provides: posters, manuals, webinars, etc. 14% Energy Savings in 2007-08 School Year

>$1 Million energy savings

Offering incentives to schools with the greatest

savings Will involve students in 2008-09 school year


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Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options

New School Construction

All Energy Efficiency upgrades can be cost neutral whenan integrated design approach is used

LEED Silver can be achieved cost-effectively

School Renovations and Retrofits

Energy Savings Performance Contracting

Revolving Energy Efficiency Fund

States and local districts have created a variety of fundingprograms


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Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options for renovations/retrofits

Energy Savings Performance Contracting

Energy Service Company provides energy audit, design,installation, and financing; implementation and servicecosts are repaid over time from guaranteed energy savings

LA has ESPC authority through state legislation

LA DNR administered award winning ESPC program forschools; multiple parishes participated

Johnson Controls performed ESPC for OPSD mid-90s

basic lighting, some HVAC, some controls Oversight by LA Office of Contractual Review -

http://www.doa.state.la.us/ocr/ESPC.htm


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Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options for renovations/retrofits

Creation of Energy Efficiency Revolving Fund

How this could work:

Detailed energy/indoor environment audit for local district Audit would support funding request; local district provides 25% of

capital funding, revolving fund provides remainder as a low- or no-interest loan

50% of the annual savings accrues to the district, the remaining

50% is reinvested in the fund to finance future EE upgrades Seed fund established with bond issue, state surplus, grant

funding, etc.


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Additional Resources

U.S. Dept. of Energy - Energy Smart Schools

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energysmartschools

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Education http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education

Energy Star

www.energystar.gov (Buildings & Plants)


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Additional Resources

Collaboration forHigh Performance Schools http://www.chps.net

National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities (NCEF) http://www.edfacilities.org

ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1604


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Final Thoughts

Energy conservation and efficiency is affordable now,and more affordable over time

Select A&E firms who demonstrate innovation andexperience with energy efficient design

Use an integrated design approach to optimize energyefficiency and LEED rating Choose trade-offs between LEED categories wisely

A comprehensive O&M and Energy Management Plan

ensures sustained savings and performance


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Contact Information

Phil Voss National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

[email protected]; (504) 528-8428

Joe Ryan nola Energy Consulting (contractor to NREL)

[email protected]; (504) 528-8425


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QUESTIONS?

energy efficiency in green building design

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