energy efficient technologies eca 04march2013.ppt

8/9/2019 Energy efficient technologies ECA 04MArch2013.ppt

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Energy Efficient Technologies

Energy Conscious ArchitectureSem 8 combined, Gateway College of Architecture and Design

04tharch !0"#

Ac$nowledgement% &r '( '( )am, *ni+ersity of ong 'ong


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Energy and the EnvironmentEnergy and the Environment

Energy production causes particulate emission,

acid rain and global warming

Energy efficient technologies help theenvironment & are cost effective

Other green initiatives may not be cost effective

but have intangible benefits and improvecorporate image, e.g. renewable energy


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Energy and the EnvironmentEnergy and the Environment

Energy efficiency of a country should be

considered under 3 issues:

1. Economic efficiency is a measure of the

energy required to support economic activities

!"#$%'

(. )ocietal efficiency is a measure of the amount

of energy used by each citi*en !"#$%'

3. Environmental efficiency is a measure of the

amount of emission to produce unit energy

+O(emission per !"'


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Energy Efficiency in BuildingsEnergy Efficiency in Buildings

Architectural measures

Lighting Air-conditioning

Electrical

Lifts and escalators

Plumbing & drainage


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Architectural MeasuresArchitectural Measures

Building orientation to enhance natural ventilationand natural lighting and to reduce solar gains

Sun shading devices

Central location of plant rooms to minimize losses Stacing of plant rooms on different floors

!mproving "##$ %overall thermal transfer value

Better glazing' lo(-E & reflective glass

)reen roof

Better insulation of e*ternal facade

+educe infiltration


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LightingLighting

Lamp type Luminous efficiency Lamp life

&ncandescent 8 - !" )m./ 10 to !,100 hours

Tungsten%halogen "8 % !4 4,000

ercury +a2our !3 % 10 !4,000

etal halide 3" - "00 ,000 to !0,000

luorescent 0 - "00 5,000 to !0,000

igh 2ressure sodium 1 - "!1 "3,000 to !4,000

)ow 2ressure sodium "10 "8,000

&nduction lam2 0 % 80 30,000 to "00,000


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LightingLighting

#, (ith electronic ballast igh efficienc. #/ %#/ E

igh output #/ %#/ " !nduction lamp Self luminous e*it sign Compact fluorescent lamp 0immable electronic ballast "ccupanc. sensor


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T8 & T5 (1200 mm)T8 & T5 (1200 mm)

#/ E 1,2 -1344 lm5 647836

%including ballast loss lm82

%9/4C ambient #, 912 %Electronic -1344 lm5

378,9 lm82 %1/4C ambient #, 9: 2 %;agnetic -9444 lm5

,:8:/ lm82


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T5 HE & T5 HOT5 HE & T5 HO

Lumen output' 1344 lm $s /444 lm Lamp po(er' 1,2 $s /72 Efficac.' 647 lm82 $s 39lm82

;aintenance at 64444hr' both 31< +ated Life' both 14444 hr #/ E lamps are suitable for replacing #, lamps

Plug & enhance adaptor is available for installing#/ tube directl. into a #, fitting #/ " lamps are suitable for space (ith high

ceiling


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Advantage of T5Advantage of T5

Energ. efficient (ith pa. bac (ithin 1 .ears =its e*actl. into ceiling grid

Suitable for vie(ing computer monitor Better lumen maintenance and longer lamp life "ptimum performance at 9/4C

#/ fitting is onl. /4 mm deep and can suitcongested ceiling space ;ore environmental friendl. due to less

mercur.5 material in production and pacaging

%6*#,>1?/#/


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#sing ;a Bridge5 ong @ong

induction lighting


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Induction LampInduction Lamp

=lorescent lamp (ithout

electrode

Energ. transmission b.

magnetism

;ercur. as secondar. coil 1?:/ ;z %74-644 z for #/ +ated Life' :45444 hr %up to 6445444 hr 4 lm82 %,4 for e*ternal coil

Case stud. in a suash court' -6/42 induction $s 1/42 metal halide

- 17< energ. saving5 / .ears pa.bac

- 3< brighter


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e!f !uminou" e#it "igne!f !uminou" e#it "ign

+el. on non-electricalillumination technolog.

Beta ra. on fluorescent

coating +ated life' 6/ .ears +adioactive tritium gas in glass tube Pa.bac less than 1 .ears if licensing fee

is e*cluded Eliminates po(er suppl. & (iring Eliminates maintenance on batter.

Approved for use b. =S0


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$ompact %!uoe"cent Lamp$ompact %!uoe"cent Lamp

#he principles of operation of C=Lare similar to fluorescent lamp

C=L is designed as substitute for

incandescent lamp A 142 C=L is as bright as a 6442

incandescent lamp i?e? saves ,4uired will reduce withthe cube of the s2eed( or e=am2le, if the s2eedreduction is 80?, the 2ower re>uired is only 1"(!?

6 ost 7SD wor$s on the 2rinci2le of +arying fre>uency byelectronic circuitry

6 The 2ay bac$ 2eriod is around ! to 4 years6 7SD is suitable for 2um2, fan motor, chiller motor uires harmonic filter


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igh Efficiency Motorigh Efficiency Motor

6 The higher the efficiency of the motor, the lessis its 2ower consum2tion(

6 anufacturer will normally 2roduce a series of

similar e>ui2ment that ha+e motors of differentefficiency( The more e=2ensi+e e>ui2ment will

ha+e high efficiency motor incor2orated(

6 &t is worthwhile to consider the life%cycle costingof different o2tions( &t is >uite normal for a more

e=2ensi+e e>ui2ment to achie+e lower life%cycle

cost(


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eat !umpeat !ump

6 eat 2um2 wor$s as a re+ered cycle

refrigeration unit

6 eating 2ro+ided by the heat 2um2 is the heat

re@ection from the condenser

6 The co%efficient of 2erformance of the

condenser is higher than that of the

e+a2orator and can be more than 1

6 &f cooling is also re>uired, the efficiency of the

heat 2um2 will be e+en higher


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$ree %ooling$ree %ooling

6 &f 2ro+isions are 2ro2erly allowed, free cooling

sa+es substantial energy during fall and winter

6 resh air A9 that is low in tem2erature and

humidity is used to 2ro+ide cooling of thes2ace without the hel2 of the cooling coil

6 Areas of the A inta$es, A ducts and A

dam2ers should be large enough for theamount of A re>uired for free cooling

6 or free cooling to be effecti+e, it is necessary

to e+aluate the comfort conditions of the s2ace


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VAVVAV

6 7A7 system is most suitable for s2ace with +ariableload conditions, e(g( east or west e=ternal ones,conference room with +ariable occu2ancy(

6 The motor of the 7A7 air handling unit is ser+ed by a+ariable s2eed dri+e 7SD9

6 7A7 system can sa+e u2 to #0? of the fan 2ower

6 The su22ly air to a room is deli+ered by a 7A7 bo=

that su22lies +ariable +olume of air to suit the loadingre>uirement( &f the air re>uired is reduced during 2artload, the 2ressure within the main su22ly air duct willbe increased and this signal is detected by a2ressure sensor and transmitted to the 7SDcontroller to cause the fan to reduce its s2eed(


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Variable &ater $lo' SystemVariable &ater $lo' System

6 7ariable water flow system is most suitable forsu22lying different >uantity of chilled water to s2acewith +ariable load conditions

6 The motor of the chilled water 2um2 is ser+ed by a

+ariable s2eed dri+e 7SD96 7A7 system can sa+e u2 to #0? of the 2um2 2ower6 The su22ly water to A*s and fan coil units is

controlled by regulating +al+es that su22lies +ariable

>uantity of water to suit the loading re>uirement( &fthe water re>uired is reduced during 2art load, the2ressure in the main water 2i2e duct will beincreased and this signal is detected by a 2ressuresensor and transmitted to the 7SD controller to

cause the 2um2 to reduce its s2eed(


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V"VV"V

6 7ariable refrigerant flow is not 2ossible in the 2ast( Any

reduction in the system resistance to control flow would lead to

e+a2oration of refrigerant

6 Due to the ad+ance in com2uter technologies, it is now

2ossible to deli+er increased.reduced amount of refrigerant to

any load centre to suit re>uirement by a central com2uter

without the e+a2oration of refrigerant(

6 7:7 is energy efficient as the refrigerant e+a2orates at the DB

coil of the A* 2roducing much larger cooling effect than

chilled water

6 7:7 chiller is normally of modular design( )arger 2lant is

com2rised of more modular units(

6 Design of the refrigeration system is normally by the su22lier(

6 7:7 is e=2ensi+e and not widely used in '


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&ater-cooled %ondenser&ater-cooled %ondenser

6 /ater%cooled condenser is more efficient than air%cooledcondenser due to lower condensing tem2erature

6 &f sea water is a+ailable, direct sea water cooled condenser isused( The used sea water is returned bac$ to the sea( &t is

about #0? more efficiency than air%cooled system(6 &n order to 2romote energy efficiency, the Go+ernmentallowed the use of fresh water for cooling towers indesignated 2ilot areas( The water cooled condenser is about!0? more efficiency than air%cooled condenser( Condenser

water needs water treatment to 2re+ent legionnaires disease(6 /ater%cooled condensers are installed inside building and

ha+e lower noise and thermal 2ollution(

6 /ater cooled condensers ha+e larger unit sies(


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Automatic %ondenser ube %leaning DeviceAutomatic %ondenser ube %leaning Device

6 Scales are formed on the inner surface of thecondenser water tubes due to chemicals used inwater treatment and other im2urities in the water(

6 eriodical cleaning of the condenser tube can

im2ro+e heat transfer efficiency and sa+es about"0? of energy(6 Cleaning can be done manually in which case

sufficient maintenance s2ace is re>uired at one endof the condenser(

6 Automatic condenser tube cleaning de+ice is moredesirable( &t consists of cleaning balls usually ofmetal that is stored in +essel in a by%2ass 2i2e%wor$(&t will be used during the cleaning cycle by re+ersing

the flow direction through the condenser(


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District %oolingDistrict %ooling

6 A district cooling scheme DCS9 consists of a central 2lantroom normally near the sea or a ri+er( The main water%cooled

chillers are +ery large and can ha+e a total ca2acity in e=cess

of "00,000 $/( Chilled water is distributed to 2remises by

underground 2i2elines(6 &f a DCS is a+ailable in your area, it is 2referable to @oin the

scheme(

6 &t is +ery energy efficient due to the im2ro+ed efficiency of

large 2lants and the ability to reduce the total 2lant sie as aresult of di+ersity(

6 The other main benefits are sa+ing of 2lant s2aces, less

maintenance re>uirements, sa+ing of o2eration costs and less

en+ironmental 2roblems(


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ccupancy Sensorccupancy Sensor

;ccu2ancy sensors are

installed to switch off AC when

the occu2ants ha+e left the

room&t can be a C;! sensor

detects occu2ant9 or a infrared

sensor detects motion9&t can sa+e more than !0?

energy


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%%MS%%MS

6 The CCS is usually 2art of a building management systemS9 which 2ro+ides com2uteried control of the +arious

systems of a building(

6 /ith good com2uter hard%wares and soft%wares, the CCS

enables the AC systems to o2erate as designed and at theo2timum efficiency le+el(

6 E=am2les of the functions of a CCS are

"( Closer control and monitoring of e>ui2ment and systems

!( ;2timum starting of chillers and other main 2lants#( Scheduling of 2lant o2eration

4( :emote o2eration of systems in +arious buildings from a central control

room

5. Exceptional reports for preventive maintenance

6 The CCS can 2ro+ide a 2otential sa+ings of "0 to !1?(


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E!ectica!E!ectica!

Energ. efficient office euipment igh efficienc. transformer and motors

Energ. efficient cabling s.stem +evie( of tariff5 po(er factor and ualit.


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Eneg Efficient Office E*uipmentEneg Efficient Office E*uipment

#he energ. consumption of office euipment %telephone5fa*5 photocopier5 computer5 monitor5 etc? increases ever.

.ear and has e*ceeded that used b. lighting?

Energ. efficient office euipment has lo( standb. po(er

consumption? #he poor euipment can have standb.

po(er several times that of an efficient euipment?

!t al(a.s pa.s to use office euipment (ith highl. rated

energ. efficienc. label? Set office euipment to energ. saving mode?


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High Efficienc Tan"fome & +otoHigh Efficienc Tan"fome & +oto

0istribution transformer should have efficienc.

in e*cess of 3,


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Eneg Efficient $a!ing "temEneg Efficient $a!ing "tem

#he )overnment promoted the use energ. efficient cablings.stem that (ill reduce energ. consumption through lo(er

copper losses and improve safet. through better po(er

ualit. at the same time?

#he location of the transformer room and main s(itch room

should be immediatel. adacent to5 above or belo( each

other?

#he copper losses should not e*ceed 4?/< of the total activepo(er transmitted along the circuit conductors at the rated

circuit current?

#he design of the s.stem can be found in the C"P for

Energ. Efficienc. of Electrical !nstallations


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Lift" and E"ca!ato"Lift" and E"ca!ato"

igh efficienc. driving s.stem !ntelligent lift grouping and control

s.stem


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High Efficienc 'iving "temHigh Efficienc 'iving "tem

AC$$ or $$$= driving s.stem should be

emplo.ed?

#he s.stem should also be designed (ith moreconcern for the possible impact on polluting

the po(er ualit. of the building suppl.

s.stem? 0edicated feeders should be provided for the

lifts and escalators circuits to facilitate future

energ. management and auditing purposes?


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Inte!!igent Lift ouping & $onto!Inte!!igent Lift ouping & $onto!

Energ. efficienc. can be achieved b. intelligentcontrol of lifts and escalators?

)ood lift zoning5 grouping and response method

can improve (aiting time and provide opportunit.for dispatch of lift (ith energ. efficienc. as the

first consideration?

Energ. efficient mode for lifts during no loadcondition can be designed to suit the management?

Escalators can be controlled to provide reduced

speed during no load operation?


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/!uming & 'ainage/!uming & 'ainage

Energ. efficienc. in P&0 s.stems aims at

reducing the consumption or (astage of (ater?

E*amples are' Self-closing taps #aps (ith sensor control

Automatic flushing cisterns (ith sensorcontrol

Lo( flo( 2C


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"efu! efeence""efu! efeence"

Codes of Practice for Energ. Efficienc. of

Lighting5 Air Conditioning5 Electrical and

Lifts & Escalators !nstallations )uidelines on Energ. Efficienc. of

Lighting5 Air Conditioning5 Electrical and

Lifts & Escalators !nstallations Performance-based Building Energ. Code )uidelines on Performance-based Building

Energ. Code


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energy efficient technologies eca 04march2013.ppt

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