ENERGY EMMA

2

Section 1: Executive summary

The solar product market system assessment has been conducted at Eastern, Afar, southern

clusters of the prime intervention areas and market hubs in the center and boarder areas. For this

assessment, interview, observation and meetings are used as a means of tools for data

collections. The collected data has been analysed both qualitatively and descriptively. The

analysis result showed that the solar product market actors’ capacity and performance is weak;

the sector has both demand and supply side constraints and if the market is developed, it has a

potential to enhance the pastoralists and agro- pastoralist resilient capacity.Finally, the solar

product market system is young and requires systematic and integrated intervations including

those mentioned under the recommendation section.

Section 2: Context

The solar energy products market system assessment, which is conducted from May 07 to May

24, was envisage to analyze the current status of the sector and to take the lesson for future

prospects of the sector. This energy sector is in a very infancy stage in Ethiopia. Due to this and

lack of formal education that incorporates solar energy source and its functional products at

school and higher level, the knowledge is very limited towards the sector and its products for the

majority of stakeholders, who are involved in it.

This market system analysis is primarily targeting the pastoralist and semi pastoralist

community, who have less than 15% of their population have access to grid electrification. By

their basic nature this community is located sparsely and mobile that hinders the provision of

village level services like health, elder education, mobilization of social capital. It is also very

difficult to access basic infrastructure like health, education, road and the like.

During this analysis the very motto of “market has no boundary” has taken into account. Though

the PRIME intervention areas are confined in the pastoral and semi-pastoral areas of Afar,

Somali and Southern Oromia of Ethiopia, the assessment considered the central solar product

market (Addis Ababa), the nearby big markets of the pastoralists in the PRIME intervention area

outside of their territory (Hawassa, Bullehora, Dilla) and more importantly the main sources of

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smuggling route of solar energy product, which are Togo Wuchale of Somaliland and Gambo of

Kenya, are covered during the assessment.

Section 3: Methodology

The assessment begins by reviewing secondary data sources and other similar assessments. The

different assessment tools are used that include: personal interview, discussion with key

informants, meeting with higher institute scholars that have prior information about our subject

of study, telephone consultation and telephone interview and personal observation of market

situation.

The actors involved in the interview comprised of government and NGOs official who are

working in both field office and at their head offices, importers, retailers and microenterprise

owner at local level (list of key actors interviewed is annexed). The interview has made by a

team composed of five members from relevant institution, NGOs and University’s (Mercy corps,

SOS Sahel, Pastoralist concern and Haromaya University) who are working on renewable energy

access, natural resource management and livelihood research activities and having humble

experience in pastoralist area intervention programs/projects respectively..

Major area visited during the assessment includes central market at Addis Ababa and Hawassa

(13 Importer/wholesaler) and 16 retailers, 6 energy related office, two NGOs (COOPI and SNV)

in each cluster and border market hubs of Somaliland and Kenya (Togo Wuchale and Gambo)

were areas visited. In addition, assessment has made in each clusters of the PRIME intervention

areas i.e

east cluster includes Jigjiga, Diredawa and Harer

Afar cluster (Samara University and the regional mineral and energy office and

Gedamaytu) and

Southern cluster Negelle and Moyale).

Language barriers during Afar cluster visit, unwillingness to respond, absence of respondent

after appointment is arranged and fear of providing confidential profile of their business were

among issues that challenge the team during data collection.

Section 4: Selected market systems

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Based on understanding of the lack of access for clean, affordable and sustainable energy

resource for rural households of the county in general and for pastoralists/agro-pastoralists living

in remote areas of the country in particular, among other renewable energy resources, solar

energy products market system is selected by EMMA team for assessment. The decision for

selection of this market system is based on the following criterion;

The market system significantly relates to protecting and promoting the livelihood of

pastoralist/agro-pastoralist households & communities through decreasing expenditure on

in-efficient energy resources.

Strategic relevance to the PRIME project for creating new jobs & income generating

activities for both women and youth in pastoralist areas.

Positive environmental impact (by decreasing the GHG-emission that would result from

burning fossil/wood fuel

Positive impact for improving women’s, mothers & children’s health condition through

decreasing the impact of respiratory infections due to Indoor Air pollution by black

carbon.

Section 5: Market –System Maps

The market map below covers the distribution channel of solar energy products and services

starting from the importers through the final users in the market chain. The dark lines in the

middle of the map that intertwines the key market actors of solar product market system. The

legal routes that use to transit the mentioned product are from the international market to the

importers/wholesalers to end users (Households and institutions, which include health post,

schools, churches and mosques) either through retailers or directly. The other legal route of this

market system includes the flow of solar energy products from the international market to

importer/wholesaler then purchased by rural cooperatives to distribute for the end user.

Another feature of this market system is that it includes illegal import by smugglers as is

depicted below. The main end user of the product comes through this rout are households.

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To support this chain there are governmental actors, financial institutes and local and

international NGO as it is depicted below.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 5.1 Seasonal Calander

market

System

(Solar

energy) Sep Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August

Income

from

Livestock LOW HIGH

LOW

HIGH

LOW

Price of

the

product

Income

from

Farming

LOW HIGH

Income

from

gum and

essence HIGH LOW HIGH

Religious

Festivals

These can lie in any months of the calender and during the occurance the demand of consumption

goods and services are high.

Cultural HIGH High

The market chain: market actors & their linkages

International market

Ethiopian Electric Agency

HOUSEHOLDS

Importer and

wholesaler

Custom and Revenue Authority

CREDIT (Commercial

bank) Development

banks

Ethiopian

Electric Power

Corporation

TRANSPORT

Retailers

PORTS BAGGING

Ministry of Water and

Energy

Ministry of Trade

Baseline Solar energy equipment Market-system Map

Local NGOs

nal andRegio Local gov’ts

Coops

Rural Electrification

Fund

INSTITUTIONS

Smuggler

International NGOs

Environmental Protection Authority

6

Festivals

Income

from

Dairy HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

Income

from

Labor LOW

Road FLOOD FLOOD

The main factors which affect the solar market system at pastoralist and agro-pastoralist

community include: income from livestock, income from dairy, income from farming, income

from gum and essence, income from labour, religious and cultural festivals and infrastructure.

The income from livestock is high during the first month of the dry seasons and low during the

driest months of the year. In the remaining months of the year, the income from livestock is

expected to medium. The income from livestock products (dairy) is high during the rainy seasons

and low during the driest months of the year.

Income from gum and essence is high during the driest months of the year and low during the

rainy seasons of the year. The income from farming is high during August and July and it is low

during January and February.

The religious festivals may lie at any months of the year and can affect the solar product market

at any months of the year. The cultural festivals are conducted during the month of November

and may at the Borena and Guji and their influence is high while it does not have influence at

the Afar and eastern clustern.

Section 6: Key findings – Results of the Solar Market Analyses

6.1 Key features of solar product market system

More of institutional focused

The coverage of solar product at the pastoralist areas is very low. Even the currently installed

few solar products are mainly focusing on institutions like schools, health centers, churches

and mosques. The typical example for the above statement is the Afar region case: there are

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29 district out of 32 districts of the region have got institutional solar products, 29 schools

(one from each district) has got solar energy access with the help of federal rural

electrification fund and GIZ but there are no solar products at house hold level.

Unstable rules and regulations and its execution

The rules and regulations set at custom and revenue authority for taxation of imported solar

product changes from time to time. Sometimes some of solar products who have got

certification from lighting Africa are duty free and sometimes they may be charged.

Limited capacity of stakeholders in the market systems

In the regional, Zonal and district market: as per the site visit and information from regional,

zonal and district level, the capacity and performance of the market actors and availability of

solar products are poor/negligible at Afar and southern cluster (Borena and Guji Zones). On

the other hand, at eastern cluster and its nearby (Somali, Harer and Diredewa), the

availability of solar products, the capacity and performance of market actors are relatively

better.

It doesn’t have wide coverage (particularly for pastoralists)

Since the capacity of different actors to supply solar products at pastoralist level is low;

accessibility of the solar products from main market chain is restricted; the technology is new

and requires special skill; the coverage of solar product at pastoralist community is very low.

Excess demand of the product in the market system

At off grid pastoral community, households and institutions have responded that they are

highly interested in solar products than fuel generators for household lightning, school power

supply, mobiles charging, barbering and health centers if the product is available nearby and

some credit service is facilitated through financial institutions. The typical evidence for such

case is the assessment at Das pastoralist association of Borebore Wereda of Borena zone and

interview results from Guji zone mineral and energy office officers.

Lack of awareness on the product in the society

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Since the technology of solar products and solar energy market is young, the society afraid in

buying and using the technology even if they have a demand for the service. In addition to the

avove the promotional strategies of solar product suppliers have different barriers, like language,

literacy and outreach barriers to minimize the awareness problem.

No or poor market information at zonal, district and pastoralist level

Many of the pastoral customers are located at off grid electric systems and remote locations.

Therefore, they do not have any information from where they can buy solar products even if they

demand it. Even the district and zonal level, the energy and mine office staffs who are

responsible for informing the pastoral community about the solar product market also have very

little information.

It lacks hard currency to import the product in bulk

All the solar products are being imported from different countries especially from Japan,

Germany, China, Thailand etc. For importation, getting foreign currency (hard currency) is the

main problems the importers are facing at the central market. The foreign currency problem not

only affects the amount of solar product imported but also the time it takes to import the products

to the country.

Smuggling has a role in the solar market system and solar products which come

through smuggling routes are more accessible and have more competitive price

advantage for the pastoralist.

The pastoralists located at the intervention and/or assessed areas are located at remote places

which are close to the border of the country. The smuggled solar products which cross the border

illegally and reach the nearby towns are the market places for pastoralists and the typical

examples are Harer, Jijiga and Diredewa (mainly through Togo Wuchale of Somaliland) and

Moyale (through Gambo of Kenya).

Lack of financial services at regional, zonal and district level

At the assessed regions, zones, districts and pastoralist associations, all the respondents

confirmed that there are no financial institutions neither support solar product market system by

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giving credit service to retailers nor provide credit services to pastoral income generating groups

or households.

6.2 Base line analysis of Solar Products Market System

6.2.1 Assessment of the existing market-systems’ capacity and performance

6.2.1.1 Supply Market System

The assessment of the existing market-systems’ capacity and performance has been done in

supply market-system at three different economic scale level. These three economic levels

include:

The central market,

The regional, zonal and district market and

Pastoralist associations (PAs) market

Central Market: as per the information collected mainly from Importers/wholesalers, the

availability of solar products, which range from small house lanterns to big institutional

multipurpose solar panels, is good. Also, the capacity of the main market actors

(Importers/wholesalers) is adequate to respond to the procurement needs of the target population

at central level but the performance of the market actors is poor due to supply constraints and

other reasons.

Regional, Zonal and District Market: as per the site visit and information from regional, zonal

and district level, the capacity and performance of the market actors and availability of solar

products are poor/negligible at Afar and southern cluster (Borena and Guji Zones). At eastern

cluster (Somali, Harer and Diredawa), the availability of solar products, the capacity and

performance of market actors are relatively better than Afar and southern clusters due to the

presence of smugglers who smuggle solar products.

In the Pastoral Associations (PAs) Market: as per the information collected and site visit

conducted, the availability of the solar products, the capacity and performance of the market

actors are nil.

6.2.1.2 Income Market System

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The income market system is not conducted under the energy sector but it has been handled by

other sectors who have worked on different economic activities that bring income to the

community. Therefore, the income market system has to be analysed as a cross cutting issue with

other sectors to have a detailed information whether the income market system creates earnings

to the Pastoral associations by purchasing their produce to fulfil their renewable energy demand

through solar product or not.

6.2.2 Market Integration

Since there is no adequate data which shows detailed price pattern of solar products over time,

information through interview from key actors (local, regional and national traders) is used to

assess the market integration of solar products.

The questionnaires used to assess the market integration through interviews include the

following.

Where the main trade of solar products flows normally comes from or goes to?

What proportion of solar product is manufactured with in the country and what

proportion is imported?

Are solar product’s price peaks and troughs normally coinciding with national ones?

Are there certain times of a year when transport is restricted /difficult?

Are there are other reasons why trade is restricted or market is segmented?

The response of the key actors (local, regional and national traders) for the above mentioned

questions is summarized below.

The main trade of solar products normally comes from Addis Ababa and goes to regions

districts, institutions and house holds by retailers or importers.

All solar products are imported through formal and informal procedure i.e there is no any

solar product manufactured with in the country

Local price peaks and troughs do not coincide with national peaks because the solar

product market system is not well functioning

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During the rainy seasons of the year (March, April, mid if September to end of October),

transportation is restricted or difficult to transport products from regional level to zones,

districts and Pastoralist Associations (PAs).

There are some other reasons which restrict or limit the solar product trade which

include: Clan conflicts at PAs, Lack of market information systems, miss targeting of

customers etc.

Therefore, the interview results show that the market integration of solar product is poor.

6.2.3 Market Competition and Market Power

The interview results from the importers show that the existing solar product market system do

not reach to the competition level because the imported solar products can not satisfy the existing

demand.

The interview result also shows that there is no market power of solar products. Generally, the

existing market system is close to oligopoly in which a few importers dominate the solar product

market.

6.4 Solar Product Market Demand and Supply Sides Constraints

Solar product market system, like any other commodities market, embraces the two pillars of the

market i.e. the demand side and the supply side. In both sides of this market there are constraints

that jeopardize the market functions. This problem even intensified in PRIME intervention areas

due to lack of infrastructure that can support the marketing functions.

In the demand side, the team has tried to investigate both the desire and ability to pay for solar

products through the tools of personal observation and interview with some members of the

society, key informant officials of local offices and Semera University Proposed Solar Project

team members.

From the case investigation of Das and Borebore (Both of them are located Borena zone of

Oromia Regional state and have no access to grid electrification), it has been realized that some

segment of the society in general and some inspired youngsters, who have innovative business

idea to their locality, in particular has a great desire to have a solar products. The two

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interviewed youngster, who are engaged in mobile charging business and barberry, are using

solar energy technology by renting the panels from their Wereda. The amount of payment to rent

solar panels from Borebore Wereda is good indicator for their purchasing power of the product.

It is 100 Birr/month/panels payment clearly indicates their ability to pay for household use solar

products.

The same purchasing power indication is also realized from the discussion with the proposed

Solar Energy Project facilitator team members of Semera University. This project has envisaged

to build a solar village around Dallol. From their pilot investigation for the implementation of

their solar project in the area in the coming future, they have realized that the purchasing power

of the pastoralists those who have additional source of income economic activities like salt

production are very high. However, the most important challenge here is the awareness of the

society towards the product is very little. This is one of the demand side constraints realized in

the cluster. Similar personal observation of one of the team members, who have conducted this

assessment, also confirmed that the Somali pastoralists also have purchasing power to have

household level solar energy products.

The demand side constraints of solar product market system is not the limited purchased power

of the pastoralists rather lack of awareness towards the product. This lack of awareness of the

pastoralists towards the solar products is emanates from different reasons.

The promotional strategies that the importers are currently using have language, literacy

and outreach barrier to reach the appropriate customer.

The local level structures of Somali and Afar have no departments that can deal with

renewable energy in general and solar energy in particular.

The local level information and communications bureaus are not performing well as far

as this issue is concerned.

Another reason for limited demand for solar product for the pastoralist who have awareness

towards the product is their fear of getting trained personnel’s to maintain and repair at local

level to maintain and repair those product when they faced a problem..

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On the other pillar of the solar product market i.e. the supply side, it has been realized that the

following problems are the major ones from direct observation and the key informant interview

with the key actors in the legal as well as the smuggling routes of solar products.

Unstable policy of custom and tax: This indicates that the solar products are entitled to be tax

exempted in principle but in practice the practitioners are not adhere to this policy of the

government. This issue discourages some of the importers to stay in the sector.

Limitation of foreign currency: this is frequently mentioned problems of importers to import

solar products in bulk to entertain the benefits of economies of scale.

Shortage of Finance: Since the sector is at its very infancy stage for the country, the financial

sectors are very reluctant to give a loan to strengthen the capacity of importers/wholesalers.

Limited transportation facilities: due to remote placement of the appropriate customers from

the center and lack of transportation facilities to the end user limit the supply capacity of

importer/wholesaler, which create a transportation problem to distribute the products to end

users.

Promotion related problems: Difficulty of promoting the solar product to the appropriate target

customers due to high cost of advertisement, very limited outreach capacity of advertisement

medias, language and literacy barriers.

6.5 Future Forecast: Solar Product Market Development and Its Impact on Resilience

Small-scale renewable energy technologies have the potential to provide much needed power for

both household and livelihood use, though the market reach in the rural areas are limited to solar

technologies by number of factors such as limited knowledge of the availability of the new

energy products (for example, solar lanterns) and insufficient marketing and outreach activities

in the distant rural areas. However, with less than 15% electricity access in the rural areas of the

three clusters, energy products like the solar lanterns are attractive. There are avenues for

opening up the market through a better distribution channel to increase access to solar energy

technologies to provide community empowerment, reduced cost of energy, increase returns to

local retailers and better quality of lighting. This development of solar energy market system can

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improve the resilience capacity of the pastoralists through different channels as depicted below

in figure 6.1.

Generally, the solar product market development plays a role in the improvement of the

livelihood of pastoralist through improving the education level of the pastoralists, which can

pave the foundation for alternative livelihood activities and can increase production and

productivities on their existing economic activities. The other expected benefit of the technology

is, it will improves the natural resource management through; Replacing the firewood and

charcoal consumption of pastoralists as energy source, create predictable climate that can

enhance their resilience capacity. This technology can light the hassles of searching for water in

the lowland dry area through improving water tapping technology, which can improve the health

status of the pastoralist and improve the production and productivity of both farming and

livestock rearing. This will have a positive contribution for the development of the resilience

capacity of the pastoralists. The solar energy market system development will also have immense

contribution to reduce women vulnerability through elimination of longer time that is allotter for

firewood fetching and through reducing the amount of time they are spending for domestic work.

The technology can also be the source for incubating small scale enterprises, which are relied on

the energy sector. In addition, the technology Improves the health conditions of pastoralist

through; preserving perishable medicine using refrigerator and supporting medical services

which require electric energy.

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Fig 6.1. Framework of Solar Energy Market and Pastoralists Resilience Linkage

Improve

groundwater

tapping technology

Alternative

livelihood activities Health status

improvement

Reduce gender

vulnerability Solar Energy

Market

System

Development

Better production and productivity

Better climate

Condition

Better time to foster

her children and girls

can go to school.

Improve livestock and dairy

market information

Improve production and

productivity

Improve educational

quality

Improve the

information and communication

access

Reduce destruction of

natural resources

Alternative

livelihood activities

Improve the health status,

production and productivity of

the pastoralist economic

activity

Section-7: Main Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 Introduction

The different activities carried out in the above sections lead to general conclusions and

recommendations of solar product market systems. The conclusions and recommendations

provided below help different actors on how to intervene in the solar product market system to

create resilient pastoral community. The conclusions and recommendations pointed out below

entirely reflect the assessment results obtained from Addis Ababa, Samara, Jijiga, Diredaw,

Harer, Negelle, Filtu, Das, Borebore, Moyale and Yabelo.

7.2 Conclusions

In the existing solar product market systems, the demand of the product ranging from 5w to

100w at different economic groups of pastoralist i.e house hold, income generating groups and

institutions is high while the supply of the products is limited due to the limited capacity of

different stake holders involved in the market.

The current solar product market system shows that the coverage of this market system in the

pastoralist area is limited to institutions like schools, health centers, churches and mosques at few

locations of the pastoralist community. The awareness of the pastoral community towards the

solar product and solar energy system is negligible because appropriate promotion work is not

carried out by the actors of the market systems due to many reasons mentioned in the above

sections.

Revenue and custom policy execution is not constant and the capacity of customs in controlling

the quality and legality of the solar product is low which intern affects the importers performance

at importing stage. Also, there is a foreign currency problem from importers side to import solar

products in bulk to satisfy the existing high demand.

The actors involved in the solar product do not target appropriate customers in the market system

and they are not doing promotion work in such a way that it creates awareness to the target

pastoral communities i.e promotion activities do not take into account the characteristics of the

appropriate customers. There is also information asymmetry among different actors of the solar

17

product market systems and they do not have adequate capacity at Zonal, district and pastoralist

association level to satisfy the demand of the target community.

Smuggling has a role in the solar product market system especially at Eastern cluster

(Gigiga,Harer and Diredewa ). Solar products which come through smuggling routes are more

accessible and have more competitive price advantage for the pastoralist regardless of their

quality than the legally imported solar products.

There are no financial services at Zonal and district level which facilitate the solar product

market system by providing credit services to retailers of solar products or to the income

generating groups and pastoralist households.

Generally, the assessment result show that the existing solar product market systems’ actors

capacity is good at national market level but their performance and capacity at Zonal, district and

pastoralist level is poor to create a resilient pastoral community.

7.3 Recommendations

For identifications of some of the leverage points for PRIME intervention, the following initial

identification of solar product market support options has been presented as recommendations.

Facilitation of availability of foreign currency to importers so that they can import sufficient

stock of solar products to satisfy the existing demand.

Improving the capacity of governmental institutions, specifically; Revenue and Custom

authority and Ethiopian Electric Authority staff members who work on solar product price

fixation, quality control and standardization.

Facilitating the existence of stable and transparent execution of custom and tax policies

Support policy formulations which addresses7 in the transformation of illegal solar product

importers into legal importers.

Improving the availability of financial services to the key actors of the market and the

different economic groups of the pastoralist community and encouraging micro finance

institutes to give credit service to retailers or local cooperatives who work on solar product

marketing.

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Facilitation of market promotion and central market linkage with regional, Zonal and district

level energy and mines offices.

Facilitation of promotion services to the pastoralist through governmental or private

information and communication offices.

Supporting in the establishment of wholesalers and more retailers at Zonal level to improve

the availability and accessibility of solar products to pastoralists.

Facilitation of credit services to the pastoral community to access the solar products.

Organizing pastoralists into income generating groups (IGG) with solar energy services and

facilitating credit services to them.

Capacitating the skill and knowledge of individuals or groups in installation and maintenance

of solar products.

Improving the capacity of zonal and district level staff of the government in monitoring,

supervision and management of solar products operation.

19

Annex

S/n Name of the

business

Contact

person

Function Tele/Address Remark

1 Direct Solar

Plc

Mr.Tsegaye,

Mr.Mulugeta

Whole sale and

import of solar

systems

Wallo safer,

Tel. Mr.Tsegaye 0911 954 270,

Mr.Mulugeta 0911 207 830 E-

mail: directso@ethionet.et

Is not willing

to tell his

profile.

2 d.light

(Rensys &

Vera)

Dr.Tekeste

and

Mikel tibebu

Importer,

Wholesale

supplier,

Retailer &

Distribution

Bole Sub-City (Haya Hulet Mazoriya, Golagul

Bldg 8th Floor) Tel. 251 930 078 890,

E-mail: michae.tibebu@dlightdesign.com

www.dlightdesign.com

Specialized

with Lantern

3 Dungo

Energy

Solutions

Plc

yosef Importer &

Distributer

Bole Sub-City, Woreda 13, P.O.Box: 46847 Addis

Ababa Ethiopia, Tel. 251 921 563 060, E-

mail:Send Email to DungoEnergy Solutions Plc,

Web Site: http://www.dungoenergy.com

It is a social

enterprise

involved in

promoting solar

Energy

4 Ethio-Dutch

business Plc

photovoltaic

modules mono/

poly crystalline

silicon, Solar

battery, charge

controllers,

inverters,

inverter/charger

s, DC lamps,

solar water

pumps and

water heaters

N/Silk Lafto K/K, Kebele 03/04, H. No 1380,

P.O.Box: 59607, Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Tel. 251 113 200 021/26,

E-mail: Send Email to Ethio-Dutch Business plc,

adane@solar-man.net

Web site: http://www.solar-man.net

5 Ethio

Resources

Group

(ERG)

consultancy,

import and

distribution of

renewable

energy

technologies

P.O .Box: 11024, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Tel.

251 911 219 107/251 912 629 423, E-mail: Send

Email to Ethio Resources Group (ERG), Web Site:

www.ergethiopia.com

6 Lydetco Plc

retail sales,

wholesale

supplier,

importer

Gabon Street midway from Dembel Bldg to Meskel

Flower, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 3593,

Tel. 251 114 660 267/3189/9496,

FAX: 251 114 650 767 E-

mail: lydet@ethionet.et

8 Solar 23 Plc

Nebile Importer and

Whole sale

Behind Sarbet, Close to Vatican, in DAMA Trade

Building, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, •

Telephone: 0922 172 069

E-mail: nabil.ishak@solar23.com

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9 Beta

engineering

Mr.Yared

Eshetu

Larger

Systems,

Smaller

systems, One

light bulb with

mobile charger

with 1300 birr.

Around Megenagna, Tel. 0911 120 973 E-

mail: route@ethionet.et

10 Sayile

Business

group

info@seyalgroup.com,0915209698/2522644182

Somali Land

Togo wichale

11 Togo

Wichale

solar shope

Abdi Hassen Whole sale and

Retail

0915220643/0936070288

Somali Land

Togo wichale

12 Dio

Dide

engineering

Daniel&Belih

u Alemu

Retailer 0915321991, 0911787523 at DD and Adama

district respectively(Dila and Chuko)

Work with

solar23,Beta

E,and Fosera

product

13 Alamir

electronic

shope

Abdulahi Ali

Retaile Shope JJ electronics shop

14 5.Alfati

h electronic

shope

Retaile Shope JJ electronics shop

15 Wase

electronic

shop

wase retaier 911085287

Harer Sigara

tera

16 Harer

HIdase

Gosa Retailer 915402171

Sales

promotion

17 Gedamitu

market

025116451020, 0912288894

18 GIZ,Energy

coordination

Burea

Adisu Amare Energy officer

at GIZ

025116451020/0912288894 Work with East

clusters

19 Semera

University

Ayalew

Bekelle

00251(0)336660595, 00251(0)912232317

ayalewbekele12@yahoo.com